Polyatomic ion

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Polyatomic ion

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species (ion

Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded

Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds....
or of a metal complex

Complex (chemistry)

In chemistry, a complex, also called a "coordination compound" or "metal complex", is a structure consisting of a central atom or molecule connected to surrounding atoms or molecules....
that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid

Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
and base

Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
chemistry

Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
or in the formation of salts.

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Encyclopedia

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species (ion

Ion

Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds....
or of a metal complex

Complex (chemistry)

Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
and base

Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
chemistry

Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
or in the formation of salts. The prefix poly- means many in Greek, but even ions of two atoms are commonly referred to as polyatomic. Note, a polyatomic ion is also referred to in older works as a radical

Radical (chemistry)

In chemistry, radicals are atoms, molecules or ions with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. These unpaired electrons are usually highly chemical reaction, so radicals are likely to take part in chemical reactions....
. In current usage the term radical refers to free radicals which are uncharged species with an unpaired electron.

Hydroxide ions and ammonium ions

A hydroxide
Hydroxide

In chemistry, hydroxide is the name for the Diatomic molecule anion OH-, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the Dissociation of a base ....
ion is made of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom: its chemical formula is ^-. It has a charge of -1
Elementary charge

The elementary charge, usually denoted e, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron....
.
An ammonium
Ammonium

The ammonium cation is a positively electric charge polyatomic ion of the chemical formula NH4+. It has a formula weight of 18.05 and is formed by protonation of ammonia ....
ion is made up of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms: its chemical formula is ⁺. It has charge of +1.

A polyatomic ion can often be considered as the conjugate acid

Conjugate acid

Within the Johannes Nicolaus Br?nsted-Martin Lowry theory of acid-base reaction theories, a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton....
or conjugate base of a neutral molecule. For example the sulfate

Sulfate

In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid....
anion, ^2-, is derived from H₂SO₄

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
which can be regarded as SO₃

Sulfur trioxide

Sulfur trioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO3. In the gaseous form, this species is a significant pollutant, being the primary agent in acid rain....
+ H₂O

Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
.

There are two "rules" that can be used for the learning the nomenclature of polyatomic ions. First, when the prefix bi- is added to a name, a hydrogen is added to the ion's formula and its charge is increased by 1. It is a consequence of the hydrogen ion carrying a +1 charge. An alternate to the bi- prefix is to use the word hydrogen in its place: the anion derived from H⁺ + CO₃^2-

Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid....
, HCO₃^-

Bicarbonate

In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Its chemical formula is HCO3−....
can be called either bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate.

Note that many of the common polyatomic anions are conjugate bases of acids derived from the oxide

Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound contaning at least one oxygen atom as well as at least one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides....
s of non-metallic

Nonmetal

Nonmetal is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal....
elements. For example the sulfate

Sulfate

In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid....
anion, ^2-, is derived from H₂SO₄

Sulfuric acid

Sulfur trioxide

Sulfur trioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO3. In the gaseous form, this species is a significant pollutant, being the primary agent in acid rain....
+ H₂O

Water

Chlorine

Chlorine...
oxoanion

Oxyanion

An oxyanion or oxoanion is a chemical compound with the generic formula AxOyz-. . Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements....
family:

First, think of the -ate ion as being the "base" name, in which case the addition of a per- prefix adds an oxygen. Changing the -ate suffix to -ite will reduce the oxygens by one, and keeping the suffix -ite and adding the prefix hypo- reduces the number of oxygens by two. In all situations, the charge is not affected.

It is important to note that these rules will not work with all polyatomic ions, but they do work with the most common ones (sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chlorate).

List of polyatomic ions

Polyatomic ions
Acetate Acetate An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively....	CH₃COO^- or C₂H₃O₂^-
Alanate	AlH₄^-, AlH₅^-, AlH₆^-
Aluminate Aluminate An aluminate is a compound containing aluminium and oxygen with more electropositive elements. Usually aluminate refers to AlO2-....	AlO₂^-, Al₂O₄^2-
Amide Amide In chemistry, an amide is one of three kinds of compounds:* the organic chemistry functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom , or a compound that contains this functional group ; or...	NH₂^-
Ammonium Ammonium The *ammonium* cation is a positively electric charge polyatomic ion of the chemical formula NH4+. It has a formula weight of 18.05 and is formed by protonation of ammonia ....	NH₄⁺
Antimonate Antimonate The antimonate ion is Sb6−, where Sb is antimony and is the hydroxyl group.An antimonate refers to a compound that contains the antimonate ion....	SbO₄^3-
Antimonite Antimonite The antimonite ion is H2SbO3−, or similar.An antimonite is a compound that contains this ion....	SbO₃^3-
Arsenate Arsenate The arsenate ion is ArsenicOxygen43−.An arsenate is any chemical compound that contains this ion.The arsenic atom in arsenate has a valency of 5 and is also known as pentavalent arsenic or As[V]....	AsO₄^3-
Arsenite Arsenite In chemistry an arsenite is a chemical compound containing an arsenic oxoanion where arsenic has oxidation state +3. Examples of arsenites include sodium arsenite which contains a polymeric linear anion, [AsO2-]n, silver arsenite, Ag3AsO3, which contains the trigonal, ArsenicOxygen3<...	AsO₃^3-
Azide Azide Azide is the anion with the formula N3-. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid. N3- is a linear anion that is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide....	N₃^-
Benzoate	C₆H₅COO^-
Bicarbonate Bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Its chemical formula is HCO3−.... (hydrogen carbonate)	HCO₃^-
Borate Borate Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron oxoanions, with boron in oxidation state +3. The simplest borate ion is the trigonal planar, BO33-, although many others are known....	BO₃^3-
Metaborate Borate Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron oxoanions, with boron in oxidation state +3. The simplest borate ion is the trigonal planar, BO33-, although many others are known....	BO₂^-
Tetraborate	B₄O₇^2-
Borohydride	BH₄^-, BH₆^-
Bromate Bromate The bromate ion, , is a bromine-based oxyanion. A bromate is a chemical compound that contains this ion. Examples of bromates include sodium bromate, , and potassium bromate, ....	BrO₃^-
Bromite	BrO₂^-
Carbide Carbide In chemistry, a carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegativity element. Carbides can be generally classified by chemical bonding type as follows: salt-like, covalent compounds, interstitial compounds, and "intermediate" transition metal carbides....	C₂^2-
Carbonate Carbonate In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid....	CO₃^2-
Carbonite Carbonite Carbonite was one of the earliest and most successful coal-mining explosive material. It is made from such ingredients as nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate as that of sodium; also nitrobenzene, Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and diatomaceous earth....	CO₂^2-
Chlorate Chlorate The chlorate anion has the formula ClO3-. In this case, the chlorine atom is in the +5 oxidation state. "Chlorate" can also refer to chemical compounds containing this anion; Chlorate#Compounds are the salt s of chloric acid....	ClO₃^-
Chlorite Chlorite The chlorite ion is ClO2-. A chlorite is a compound that contains this group,with chlorine in oxidation state +3....	ClO₂^-
Chromate Chromate Chromates and dichromates are salts of chromic acid and dichromic acid, respectively. Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, ChromiumOxygen42-, and have an intense yellow color....	CrO₄^2-
Chromite Chromite Chromite is iron magnesium chromium oxide: Cr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. Magnesium can substitute for iron in variable amounts; also, aluminium and ferric iron commonly substitute for chromium....	CrO₂^-
Chromyl	CrO₂²⁺
Citrate Citrate A citrate can refer either to the conjugate base of citric acid, , or to the esters of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate....	C₆H₅O₇^3-
Cyanate Cyanate The cyanate ion is an anion consisting of one oxygen atom, one carbon atom, and one nitrogen atom, [OCN]-, in that order, and possesses 1 unit of negative electric charge, borne mainly by the nitrogen atom....	OCN^-
Cyanide Cyanide A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the nitrile , which consists of a carbon atom chemical bond to a nitrogen atom. Inorganic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide salts in which cyanide is generally the anion CN-....	CN^-
Dichromate	Cr₂O₇^2-
Dihydrogen arsenate	H₂AsO₄^-
Dihydrogen phosphate	H₂PO₄^-
Dihydrogen phosphite	H₂PO₃^-
Dioxygenyl Dioxygenyl The dioxygenyl ion, O2+, is a rarely-encountered oxycation in which both oxygen atoms have an oxidation state of +?. It is formally derived from oxygen by the removal of an electron:The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy of the oxygen molecule....	O₂⁺
Disulfide Disulfide In chemistry, a disulfide usually refers to the structural unit composed of a linked pair of sulfur atoms. The disulfide anion is S22-....	S₂^2-
Ferrate Ferrate A ferrate is the anion FeO42- in which iron is in a +6 formal oxidation state . A ferrate can be formed by oxidizing iron with strong oxidizing agents under base or in the solid state by heating a mixture of iron filings and powdered potassium nitrate, but it is unstable, especially at neutral to acid pH....	FeO₄^2-
Ferricyanide Ferricyanide Ferricyanide is the name for the anion [Fe6]3-. Its systematic name is hexacyanoferrate ion. The most common salt of this anion is potassium ferricyanide, a red crystalline material that is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry....	Fe(CN)₆^3-
Ferrocyanide Ferrocyanide Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion Iron64-. In aqueous solutions, this coordination complex is relatively unreactive. It is usually available as the potassium salt potassium ferrocyanide, which has the formula K4Fe6....	Fe(CN)₆^4-
Formate Formate Formate or methanoate is the ion CHOO− or HCOO− . It is the simplest carboxylate anion.A formate is a salt or ester of formic acid.... (formiate)	HCO₂^-
Fulminate Fulminate Fulminates are Chemistry Chemical compound which include the fulminate ion. The fulminate ion, CNO- is a pseudohalic ion, acting like a halogen with its charge and reactivity....	CNO^-
Hydrazide Hydrazide Hydrazides in organic chemistry are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group characterized by a nitrogen to nitrogen covalent bond with 4 substituents with at least one of them being an acyl group....	N₂H₃^-
Hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Its chemical formula is HCO3−.... (bicarbonate)	HCO₃^-
Hydrogen arsenate	HAsO₄^2-
Hydrogen phosphate	HPO₄^2-
Hydrogen phosphite	HPO₃^2-
Hydrogen sulfate	HSO₄^-
Hydrogen sulfite	HSO₃^-
Hydrogen telluride Hydrogen telluride Hydrogen telluride is the chemical compound with the formula hydrogen2tellurium. It is the simplest hydride of tellurium....	HTe^-
Hydronium Hydronium In chemistry, hydronium is the common name for the aqueous cation hydrogen3oxygen+ derived from protonation of water. It is the simplest type of an oxonium ion....	H₃O⁺
Hydroxide Hydroxide In chemistry, hydroxide is the name for the Diatomic molecule anion OH-, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the Dissociation of a base ....	OH^-
Hypobromite Hypobromite The hypobromite ion is BrO-. Bromine is in oxidation state +1....	BrO^-
Hypochlorite Hypochlorite The hypochlorite ion is ChlorineOxygen-. A hypochlorite compound is a chemical compound containing this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +1....	ClO^-
Hypoiodite	IO^-
Hypophosphite Hypophosphite The hypophosphite ion is H2PO2−, hypophosphorous acid minus one hydrogen ion.Hypophosphites are the Compound containing this ion, with phosphorus in Oxidation number +1, or similar covalent ones....	PO₂^3-
Hyposulfite Hyposulfite Hyposulfite, sulfuroxygen22−, was reported as a sulfur oxoanion. However salts containing SO22− and the corresponding acid, hyposulfurous acid are not believed to exist....	SO₂^2-
Periodate Periodate The periodate ion is IO4− or IO65−. It comes from periodic acid.A periodate is a compound that contains this group....	IO₄^-
Iodate Iodate An iodate is a salt of iodic acid. In the iodate anion, iodine is bonded to three oxygen atoms and the molecular formula is IO3-....	IO₃^-
Triiodide Triiodide In chemistry, triiodide can have several meanings. Triiodide primarily refers to the triiodide ion, I3-, a polyatomic ion anion composed of three iodine atoms....	I₃^-
Iodite	IO₂^-
Isocyanate Isocyanate Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms ?N=C=O , not to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as ?O?C=N....	NCO^-
Mercury(I) Mercury (element) Mercury , also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum , is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. A heavy, silvery d-block metal, mercury is one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure....	Hg₂²⁺
Manganate Manganate The manganate ion is MnO42- and a manganate is any compound that contains the MnO42- group. These salts, e.g....	MnO₄^2-
Molybdate Molybdate In chemistry a molybdate is a compound containing an oxoanion with molybdenum in its highest oxidation state of 6. Molybdenum can form a very large range of such oxoanions which can be discrete structures or polymeric extended structures, although the latter are only found in the solid state.The larger oxoanions are members of group of comp...	MoO₄^2-
Nitrate Nitrate In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid with an ion composed of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms . In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various alcohols are called nitrates....	NO₃^-
Nitrite Nitrite The nitrite ion is NO2-. The anion is bent, being isoelectronic with ozone. More generally, a nitrite compound is either a Salt or an ester of nitrous acid....	NO₂^-
Oxalate Oxalate An oxalate is the deprotonated, charged form of oxalic acid or an ester of oxalic acid. As a salt, the oxalate anion has the chemical formula C2O42- or 22-....	C₂O₄^2-
Ozonide Ozonide Ozonide is an unstable, reactive polyatomic ion anion O3−, derived from ozone, or an organic compound similar to organic peroxide formed by a reaction of ozone with an unsaturated compound....	O₃^-
Perbromate Perbromate The perbromate ion is bromineoxygen-.A perbromate is a compound that contains this group.The perbromate ion is an oxidizing agent and the reduction potential for the BrO4-/bromide couple is +0.69 V at pH 14....	BrO₄^-
Perchlorate Perchlorate Perchlorates are the salt derived from perchloric acid . They occur both naturally and through manufacturing. They have been used as a medicine for more than 50 years to treat thyroid gland disorders....	ClO₄^-
Permanganate Permanganate A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate ion, . Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the manganate ion is a strong oxidizing agent....	MnO₄^-
Peroxide Peroxide A peroxide is a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen chemical bond. The simplest stable peroxide is hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides, dioxygenyls, ozones and ozonides compound are considered separately....	O₂^2-
Perrhenate Perrhenate The perrhenate ion is ReO4− and is a compound containing this ion. Salts of perrhenic acid are known as perrhenates....	ReO₄^-
Peroxomonosulfate Persulfate The term persulfate refers to ions or compounds with more oxygen than normal sulfates.These do not have sulfur in a different oxidation state; rather, they contain peroxide units, where two oxygens take the place of one in a normal sulfate; the oxygen atoms are in oxidation state -1....	SO₅^2-
Peroxodisulfate Persulfate The term persulfate refers to ions or compounds with more oxygen than normal sulfates.These do not have sulfur in a different oxidation state; rather, they contain peroxide units, where two oxygens take the place of one in a normal sulfate; the oxygen atoms are in oxidation state -1....	S₂O₈^2-
Pertechnetate Pertechnetate The pertechnetate ion is an oxoanion with the chemical formula TcO4−. It is often used as a convenient water-soluble source of isotopes of the radioactive element technetium ....	TcO₄^-
Phosphate Phosphate A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a Salt of phosphoric acid. Inorganic phosphates are mining to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry....	PO₄^3-
Phosphite Phosphite The phosphite ion is a polyatomic ion with a phosphorus central atom where phosphorus has an oxidation state of +3. Its geometry is approximately tetrahedral.The bonding can be described in terms of a number of resonance canonicals, effectively delocalising the negative charges across the three equivalent oxygen atoms.Many phosphite salts, s...	PO₃^3-
Plumbate Plumbate The plumbate ion is PbO32− or Pb62−.A plumbate is a compound containing this ion....	PbO₃^2-
Plumbite Plumbite The plumbite ion is Pb3−, or PbO2−.There are plumbite compounds, for example, sodium plumbite, Na2PbO2....	PbO₂^2-
Pyridinium Pyridinium Pyridinium refers to the cationic form of pyridine. This can either be due to protonation of the ring nitrogen or because of addition of a substituent to the ring nitrogen, typically via alkylation....	C₅H₆N⁺
Pyrophosphate Pyrophosphate In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. Pyrophosphates were originally prepared by heating phosphates: the prefix pyro- derived from Greek, means "fire" in this context....	P₂O₇^4-
Pyrylium	C₅H₅O⁺
Quaternary ammonium Quaternary ammonium cation Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively electric charge polyatomic ions of the structure NR4+ with R being alkyl groups....	NR₄⁺
Selenate Selenate The selenate ion is SeO42−.Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry. They are highly soluble in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures....	SeO₄^2-
Selenite (ion) Selenite (ion) The selenite anion is a selenium oxyanion with the chemical formula SeO32-.A selenite is a compound that contains this ion....	SeO₃^2-
Silicate Silicate A silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. This definition is broad enough to include species such as hexafluorosilicate , [SiF6]2-, but the silicate species that are encountered most often consist of silicon with oxygen as the ligand...	SiO₃^2-
Disilicate	Si₂O₅^2-
Metasilicate Metasilicate A salt of metasilicic acid H2SiO3.Metasilicate can refer to:* Sodium metasilicate* Calcium metasilicate* Barium metasilicate...	SiO₃^2-
Orthosilicate	SiO₄^4-
Pyrosilicate	Si₂O₇^6-
Stannate Stannate In chemistry the term stannate can refer to compounds*orthostannates which contain discrete SnO44- units or have a spinel structure ...	SnO₃^2-
Stannite Stannite (ion) The stannite ion is Sn3−, or similar.There are stannite compounds, for example, sodium stannite, Na2SnO2....	SnO₂^2-
Sulfate Sulfate In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid....	SO₄^2-
Sulfite Sulfite Sulfites are chemical compound that contain the sulfite ion sulfuroxygen32- ....	SO₃^2-
Sulfonium Sulfonium A sulfonium ion, also known as sulphonium ion and sulfanium ion, is a positively charged sulfur ion carrying three alkyl functional group as Substitution ....	R₃S⁺
Superoxide Superoxide Superoxide is the anion O2−. It is important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen, which occurs widely in nature....	O₂^-
Tartrate Tartrate A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. Its formula is O−OC-CH-CH-COO- or C4H4O62-....	(CH(OH)COO)₂^2-
Metatellurate	TeO₄^2-
Orthotellurate	TeO₆^6-
Tellurite Tellurite This article is about the Tellurium compounds. For the similarly named Star Trek race, see Tellarite.Tellurite refers to the mineral composed of tellurium dioxide ....	TeO₃^2-
Thiocyanate Thiocyanate Thiocyanate is the anion, [SCN]-. Common compounds include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. Organic compounds containing the functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates....	SCN^-
Thiosulfate Thiosulfate Thiosulfate is an oxyanion of sulfur produced by the reaction of sulfite ions with elemental sulfur in boiling water. Thiosulfate occurs naturally in hot springs and geysers, and is produced by certain biochemical processes....	S₂O₃^2-
Tosylate (toluenesulfonate)	CH₃C₆H₄SO₃^-
Triflate Triflate Triflate, more formally known as trifluoromethanesulfonate, is a functional group with the formula CF3SO3-. The triflate group is often represented by -OTf, as opposed to -Tf.... (trifluoromethanesulfonate)	CF₃SO₃^-
Tungstate Tungstate In chemistry a tungstate is a compound that contains an oxoanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO42−, "orthotungstate"....	WO₄^2-
Uranyl Uranyl The uranyl ion is the dipositive cation [UO2]2+, which forms salts with acids. In this ion, uranium is in its +6 oxidation state....	UO₂²⁺
Vanadate Vanadate In chemistry a vanadate is a compound containing an oxoanion of vanadium generally in its highest oxidation state of +5. The simplest vanadate ion is the tetrahedral, orthovanadate, VO43- anion, which is present in e.g....	VO₄^3-
Vanadyl	VO²⁺
Pervanadyl	VO₂⁺

External links

(PDB information
Protein Data Bank

The Protein Data Bank is a repository for the 3-D structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. . The data, typically obtained by X-ray crystallography or Protein NMR and submitted by biologists and biochemistry from around the world, are released into the public domain, and can be accessed at no charge...
)

Polyatomic ion

List of polyatomic ions

See also

External links