Politics of Shanghai
Encyclopedia
The Politics of Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland
Mainland China
Mainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China . According to the Taipei-based Mainland Affairs Council, the term excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and...

 of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

 (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders. The city has been important politically to China since the end of the 19th Century.

The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, abbreviated as 上海市市长) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, abbreviated as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CPC Party chief".

Before 1941, Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

 had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council
Shanghai International Settlement
The Shanghai International Settlement began originally as a purely British settlement. It was one of the original five treaty ports which were established under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking at the end of the first opium war in the year 1842...

), the French Concession
Shanghai French Concession
The Shanghai French Concession was a foreign concession in Shanghai, China from 1849 until 1946, and it was progressively expanded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The concession came to an end in practice in 1943 when the Vichy French government signed it over to the pro-Japanese puppet...

, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the foreign concessions were occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...

 (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).

Since Shanghai-born Chen Liangyu
Chen Liangyu
Chen Liangyu was a politician of the People's Republic of China from the ruling Communist Party, and the disgraced CPC Shanghai Committee Secretary, or the city's first-in-charge....

 took municipal leadership in 2002, because of the increasing friction between the Shanghai clique
Shanghai clique
The Shanghai clique or Shanghai faction is the name given to an informal group of officials in the Communist Party of China, especially those who serve in the central government of the People's Republic of China or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, who rose to prominence in...

and the central government under Hu Jintao
Hu Jintao
Hu Jintao is the current Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China. He has held the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang...

, Shanghai's economic development has deviated from national policy considerably. Chen believed that wealth produced in Shanghai should stay in Shanghai and benefit only Shanghai citizens. Before Chen was charged with corruption in 2006, Shanghai's level of autonomy alarmed central authorities, as it surpassed that of many autonomous regions.

List of party chiefs

Order CPC Party Secretary Term Notes
1 Rao Shushi
Rao Shushi
Rao Shushi like his confederate Gao Gang, was a senior leader of the Communist Party of China , who once enjoyed great power and fame that then quickly evaporated, leaving behind many mysteries about his rise and fall.-Early years:...

 
1949—1950 later purged in 1954
2 Chen Yi
Chen Yi (communist)
Chen Yi was a Chinese communist military commander and politician. He served as the 2nd Mayor of Shanghai and the 2nd Foreign Minister of China.-Biography:Chen was born in Lezhi, near Chengdu, Sichuan, into a moderately wealthy magistrate's family....

 
1950—1954 military commander
3 Ke Qingshi
Ke Qingshi
Ke Qingshi was a senior leader of the Communist Party of China in 1950s and 1960s.Born in She County, Anhui Province, Ke joined Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1920, and the Communist Party of China in 1922....

 
1954—1965
4 Chen Pixian
Chen Pixian
-Biography:Chen Pixian was born in Shanghang County, Fujian in 1916. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1931.After the People's Republic of China was founded, Chen was the Secretary of the CPC Shanghai Committee from 1956 to 1960....

 
1965—1967
5 Zhang Chunqiao
Zhang Chunqiao
Zhang Chunqiao was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician...

 
1971—1976
6 Su Zhenhua  1976—1979 De facto Peng Chong
7 Peng Chong
Peng Chong
Peng Chong was a member of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and its politburo ; and Secretary General of the National People’s Congress .-Pre-1949:...

 
1979—1980
8 Chen Guodong  1980—1985
9 Rui Xingwen  1985—1987
10 Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...

 
1987—1989 later General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003)
11 Zhu Rongji
Zhu Rongji
Zhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...

 
1989—1991 later Premier
12 Wu Bangguo
Wu Bangguo
Wu Bangguo is a high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China. He is currently Chairman and Party secretary of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, a position that makes him China's chief legislator...

 
1991—1994 later Chairman of the National People's Congress
13 Huang Ju
Huang Ju
Huang Ju was the Executive Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China. He joined the Communist Party of China in March 1966. He was ranked 6th out of 9, and was one of the least popular and most partisan members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Party...

 
1994—2002 later Vice-Premier
14 Chen Liangyu
Chen Liangyu
Chen Liangyu was a politician of the People's Republic of China from the ruling Communist Party, and the disgraced CPC Shanghai Committee Secretary, or the city's first-in-charge....

 
2002—2006 dismissed for corruption
Han Zheng
Han Zheng
Han Zheng is the current mayor of Shanghai, the 13th to serve in the position since the founding of the People's Republic of China...

 
2006—2007 Acting
15 Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping is a high ranking politician of the People's Republic of China. He currently serves as the top-ranking member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China, the country's Vice President, Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission, President of the Central Party School and the...

 
2007 Former Party Chief in Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...

 and Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...


Promoted to Politburo Standing Committee
16 Yu Zhengsheng
Yu Zhengsheng
Yu Zhengsheng is the current CPC party chief in Shanghai, China, a post which makes him first-in-charge of China's largest city. Formerly the party chief in Hubei, Yu is also concurrently a member of the Politburo, and has been since 2002.- Early life :...

 
2007— Former Party Chief in Hubei
Hubei
' Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting...


List of Mayors

Mayor Term Notes
Huang Fu
Huang Fu
Huáng Fú was a general and politician in early republican China. He was born in Hangzhou.-Biography:Huang studied at Zhejiang Military College and Qiushi Academy , later went to Japan. Huang came in contact with the Revolutionary Alliance while studying in a military academy in the Empire of Japan...

 
July 7, 1927 - April 1929 First mayor of Shanghai.
Chang Ch'ün
Chang Ch'ün
Chang Ch'ün or Chang Chun was premier of the Republic of China and prominent member of the Kuomintang...

 
April 1929 - January 1932
Wu Tiecheng  January 1932 - April 1937
Yu Hung-Chun
Yu Hung-Chun
Yu Hung-Chun was a Chinese political figure who served as premier of the Republic of China on Taiwan between 1954 and 1958....

 
April 1937 - November 1937 Fled city following fall of Shanghai to the Empire of Japan
Empire of Japan
The Empire of Japan is the name of the state of Japan that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 to the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of...

 in the Battle of Shanghai
Battle of Shanghai
The Battle of Shanghai, known in Chinese as Battle of Songhu, was the first of the twenty-two major engagements fought between the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and the Imperial Japanese Army of the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War...

.
Chen Gongbo  November 1940 - December 1944 Japanese collaborationist
Zhou Fohai
Zhou Fohai
Zhou Fohai , Chinese politician, and second in command of Wang Jingwei's collaborationist Nanjing Nationalist Government Executive Yuan.-Biography:...

 
December 1944 - August 1945 last Japanese collaborationist mayor, arrested by Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...

 forces
K. C. Wu
K. C. Wu
K. C. Wu was a Chinese political figure and historian.-Early life:K.C. Wu was born in Central China and grew up in Beijing, where his father served in the military. He studied at both Nankai High School, where Zhou Enlai was a classmate, and at Tsinghua University...

 
August 1945 - May 1949 last Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...

 mayor, fled after communist takeover
Chen Yi
Chen Yi (communist)
Chen Yi was a Chinese communist military commander and politician. He served as the 2nd Mayor of Shanghai and the 2nd Foreign Minister of China.-Biography:Chen was born in Lezhi, near Chengdu, Sichuan, into a moderately wealthy magistrate's family....

 
May 1949 — November 1958 military commander
Ke Qingshi
Ke Qingshi
Ke Qingshi was a senior leader of the Communist Party of China in 1950s and 1960s.Born in She County, Anhui Province, Ke joined Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1920, and the Communist Party of China in 1922....

 
November 1958 — April 9, 1965
Cao Diqiu  December 1965 — February 1967 purged during the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...

Zhang Chunqiao
Zhang Chunqiao
Zhang Chunqiao was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician...

 
February 24, 1967 — October 1976 Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee
Revolutionary committee
Revolutionary committees or revkoms were Bolshevik-led organizations in Soviet Russia and in areas of its activities established to serve as provisional governments and temporary Soviet administrations in territories under the control of the Red Army in 1918-1920, during the Russian Civil War and...


Member of Gang of Four
Gang of Four
The Gang of Four was the name given to a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution and were subsequently charged with a series of treasonous crimes...

, sentenced for treason
Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's sovereign or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife. Treason against the king was known as high treason and treason against a...

Su Zhenhua  November 1976 — February 7, 1979 Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee
Revolutionary committee
Revolutionary committees or revkoms were Bolshevik-led organizations in Soviet Russia and in areas of its activities established to serve as provisional governments and temporary Soviet administrations in territories under the control of the Red Army in 1918-1920, during the Russian Civil War and...

Peng Chong
Peng Chong
Peng Chong was a member of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and its politburo ; and Secretary General of the National People’s Congress .-Pre-1949:...

 
February 1979 — April 1981 De facto head from late 1976.
Wang Daohan
Wang Daohan
Wang Daohan , was the former president of the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits .-Biography:...

 
April 1981 — July 1985 Jiang mentor
Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005...

 
July 1985 — April 1988 later General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003)
Zhu Rongji
Zhu Rongji
Zhū Róngjī is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.A tough administrator, his time in office saw the...

 
April 1988 — April 1991 later Premier (1998-2003)
Huang Ju
Huang Ju
Huang Ju was the Executive Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China. He joined the Communist Party of China in March 1966. He was ranked 6th out of 9, and was one of the least popular and most partisan members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Party...

 
April 1991 — February 1995 later Vice-Premier (2003-died in office on 2 June 2007)
Xu Kuangdi
Xu Kuangdi
Xu Kuangdi KmstkNO is a Chinese politician of the ruling Communist Party. He was mayor of Shanghai from 1995 to 2001. He supervised the transformation of Shanghai during his administration into a center for international investment and trade that helped lead the intensive development of China's...

 
February 1995 — December 7, 2001 Demoted
Chen Liangyu
Chen Liangyu
Chen Liangyu was a politician of the People's Republic of China from the ruling Communist Party, and the disgraced CPC Shanghai Committee Secretary, or the city's first-in-charge....

 
December 7, 2001 — February 21, 2003 Later sacked
Han Zheng
Han Zheng
Han Zheng is the current mayor of Shanghai, the 13th to serve in the position since the founding of the People's Republic of China...

 
February 21, 2003 - present Concurrently acting party chief 2006-2007

List of Chairmen of Shanghai People's Congress

  1. Yan Youmin (严佑民): 1979-1981
  2. Hu Lijiao (胡立教): 1981-1988
  3. Ye Gongqi (叶公琦): 1988-1998
  4. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪): 1998-2003
  5. Gong Xueping (龚学平): 2003-2008
  6. Liu Yungeng (刘云耕) : 2008-current

List of Chairmen of Shanghai CPPCC
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [], shortened as 人民政协, Rénmín Zhèngxié, i.e. "People's PCC"; or just 政协, Zhèngxié, i.e. "The PCC"), abbreviated CPPCC, is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China...

  1. Ke Qingshi
    Ke Qingshi
    Ke Qingshi was a senior leader of the Communist Party of China in 1950s and 1960s.Born in She County, Anhui Province, Ke joined Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1920, and the Communist Party of China in 1922....

     (柯庆施): 1955-1958
  2. Chen Pixian
    Chen Pixian
    -Biography:Chen Pixian was born in Shanghang County, Fujian in 1916. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1931.After the People's Republic of China was founded, Chen was the Secretary of the CPC Shanghai Committee from 1956 to 1960....

     (陈丕显): 1958-1967
  3. Peng Chong
    Peng Chong
    Peng Chong was a member of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and its politburo ; and Secretary General of the National People’s Congress .-Pre-1949:...

     (彭冲): 1977-1979
  4. Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979-1983
  5. Li Guohao
    Li Guohao (engineer)
    Li Guohao , Chinese structural engineer, China's celebrated bridge engineering expert, earned his nickname of "Suspension Bridge Li" from his German counterparts...

     (李国豪): 1983-1988
  6. Xie Xide
    Xie Xide
    Xie Xide was a Chinese physicist. She was President of Fudan University from 1983 to 1988, and remained as Advisor to the University from 1988 until her death...

     (谢希德): 1988-1993
  7. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪): 1993-1998
  8. Wang Liping (王力平): 1998-2003
  9. Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003-2008
  10. Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008-current

See also

  • Mayor of Beijing
  • Mayor of Chongqing
  • Mayor of Guangzhou
    Mayor of Guangzhou
    This list includes only those persons who served as mayors of Guangzhou since the mid-Warlord era.-Republic of China:-Mayors:-Mayors:-Party chiefs:- See Also:* Mayor of Beijing* Mayor of Chongqing* Mayor of Shanghai* Mayor of Tianjin...

  • Mayor of Tianjin
  • Sister city
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