Emancipation is a term used to describe various efforts to obtain political rights or
equalityEgalitarianism has two distinct definitions in modern English. It is defined either as a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social, and civil rights or as a social philosophy advocating the removal of economic...
, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally in discussion of such matters.
Among others,
Karl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was a Germanphilosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism...
discussed political emancipation in his 1844 essay "
On the Jewish QuestionOn the Jewish Question is a work by Karl Marx, written in 1843, and first published in Paris in 1844 under the German title Zur Judenfrage in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher. It was one of Marx's first attempts to deal with categories that would later be called the materialist conception of...
", although often in addition to (or in contrast with) the term
human emancipation. Marx's views of political emancipation in this work were summarized by one writer as entailing "equal status of individual citizens in relation to the state, equality before the law, regardless of religion, property, or other “private” characteristics of individual people."
"Political emancipation" as a phrase is less common in modern usage, especially outside academic, foreign or activist contexts.
Discussion
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Emancipation is a term used to describe various efforts to obtain political rights or
equalityEgalitarianism has two distinct definitions in modern English. It is defined either as a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social, and civil rights or as a social philosophy advocating the removal of economic...
, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally in discussion of such matters.
Among others,
Karl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was a Germanphilosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism...
discussed political emancipation in his 1844 essay "
On the Jewish QuestionOn the Jewish Question is a work by Karl Marx, written in 1843, and first published in Paris in 1844 under the German title Zur Judenfrage in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher. It was one of Marx's first attempts to deal with categories that would later be called the materialist conception of...
", although often in addition to (or in contrast with) the term
human emancipation. Marx's views of political emancipation in this work were summarized by one writer as entailing "equal status of individual citizens in relation to the state, equality before the law, regardless of religion, property, or other “private” characteristics of individual people."
"Political emancipation" as a phrase is less common in modern usage, especially outside academic, foreign or activist contexts. However, similar concepts may be referred to by other terms. For instance, in the United States the civil rights movement culminating in the Voting Rights Act of 1965, can be seen as further realization of events such as the
Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The first one, issued September 22, 1862, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union...
and abolition of slavery a century earlier.
See also
- Freedom (political)
Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression.The opposite of a free society is a totalitarian state, which highly restricts political freedom in order to regulate almost every aspect of behavior...
- Emancipation of women, including the women's suffrage movement
- Catholic emancipation
Catholic Emancipation or Catholic Relief, was a process in Great Britain and Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th century which involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics which had been introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the Penal Laws...
- Jewish emancipation
Jewish emancipation was the external and internal process of freeing the Jewish people of Europe, including recognition of their rights as equal citizens, and the formal granting of citizenship as individuals; it occurred gradually between the late eighteenth century and the early twentieth century...
- Emancipation of minors
Emancipation of minors is a legal mechanism by which a minor is freed from control by their parents or guardians, and the parents or guardians are freed from any and all responsibility toward the child...
, where a minor becomes an adult in practice, usually by receiving a declaration of liberation from a court expressly for this purpose
- Youth rights
Youth rights refers to a set of philosophies intended to enhance civil rights for young people. They are a response to the oppression of young people, with advocates challenging ephebiphobia, adultism and ageism through youth participation, youth/adult partnerships, and ultimately,...
- Dunmore's Proclamation
Dunmore's Proclamation is a historical document issued on November 7, 1775, by John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, royal governor of Virginia.The Proclamation declared martial law and promised freedom for slaves of American patriots who would leave their masters and join the royal forces. Dunmore...
, a BritishGreat Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 59.6 million people, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1000 smaller...
promise during the American Revolutionary WarThe American Revolutionary War , also sometimes known as the American War of Independence, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen united former British colonies in North America, and concluded in a global war between several European great powers...
to free slaves who joined the British forces
- Abolitionism
Abolitionism was a movement to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves in western Europe and the Americas. The slave system aroused little protest until the 18th century, when rationalist thinkers of the Enlightenment criticized it for violating the rights of man, and Quaker and other evangelical...
(abolition of slavery), a political movement that sought to end the practice of slavery and the worldwide slave trade
- Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The first one, issued September 22, 1862, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union...
, a declaration by United States President Abraham Lincoln announcing that all slaves in Confederate territory still in rebellion were freed
- Manumission
Manumission is the act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner.-Motivations:The motivations of slave owners in manumitting slaves were complex. Three strands may be detected, though they cannot always be disentangled from each other....
, the freedom of a slave by the owner voluntarily
- Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, the liquidation of serf dependence of Russian peasants by Alexander II of Russia
- Emancipist
An emancipist was any of the convicts sentenced and transported under the convict system to Australia, who had been given conditional or absolute pardons...
was a term used for former transported convicts in the Australian penal colonies given conditional or absolute pardon
- Self-determination
Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion; and especially as the freedom of the people of a given territory to determine their own political status. In other words, it is the right of the people of a nation to decide how they want to be governed...
- Revolution (disambiguation)
A revolution is a drastic political or social change that usually occurs relatively quickly. Revolution may also refer to:-Computing:*Revolution , a dynamically-typed programming language also known as Transcript...
- Liberation
Liberation, Libération or Liberate may refer to:* Liberty, the condition in which an individual has the ability to act according to his or her own will....
(disambiguation)
- Medical Emancipation Medical Dictionary
Main Entry: eman·ci·pa·tion
Pronunciation: i-"man(t)-s&-'pA-sh&n
Function: noun
- gradual separation of an original homogeneousembryo into fields with different specific potentialities for development