Polish Jacobins

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Polish Jacobins

Polish Jacobins (or Hugenots) was the name given to a group of late 18th century radical Polish politicians by their opponents.

Polish Jacobins formed during the Great Sejm

Great Sejm

The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm was a Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in Warsaw, beginning in 1788....
as an offshoot of the "Kollataj's Forge" (Kuznia Kollatajska) of Hugo Kollataj

Hugo Kollataj

Hugo Kollataj was a Poland Roman Catholic priest, social and political activist, political thinker, historian and philosopher....
(hence their alternate name - Hugenots (Hugonisci) and later the Patriotic Party

Patriotic Party

Patriotic Party was a Poland political movement during the Four-Year Sejm of 1788-1792 that sought reforms aimed at bolstering Poland's independence from Russia....
(Stronnictwo Patriotyczne). Polish Jacobins played a significant part in the preparation of the Warsaw Uprising

Warsaw Uprising (1794)

The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 was an armed Polish people insurrection by the city's populace early in the Kosciuszko Uprising. Supported by the Polish Army, it aimed to throw off Russian control of the Poland Capital ....
and Wilno Uprising

Wilno Uprising (1794)

The Wilno Uprising of 1794 began on April 22, 1794, during which Polish-Lithuanian forces led by Jakub Jasinski fought with Russian forces occupying the city during the Kosciuszko Uprising....
during the Kosciuszko Uprising

Kosciuszko Uprising

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Polish Jacobins (or Hugenots) was the name given to a group of late 18th century radical Polish politicians by their opponents.

Polish Jacobins formed during the Great Sejm

Great Sejm

Hugo Kollataj

Patriotic Party

Warsaw Uprising (1794)

Wilno Uprising (1794)

Kosciuszko Uprising

The Kosciuszko Uprising was an rebellion led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Poland and Lithuania in 1794. It was a failed attempt to liberate Poland and Lithuania of Russian Empire influence after the Second Partition of Poland and the creation of the Confederation of Targowica....
. Under the name of Association of Citizens Offering Help and Assistance to National Magistrate for Good of the Homeland (Zgromadzenie Obywateli Ofiarujacych Pomoc i Posluge Magistraturom Narodowym w Celu Dobra Ojczyzny) they formed a political club (based on French Jacobin Club

Jacobin Club

The Jacobin Club was the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution. It originated as the Club Benthorn, formed at Versailles as a group of Brittany deputies to the Estates-General of 1789 of 1789....
) which became part of the provisional government

Provisional government

A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime....
of Poland (Temporary Provisional Council, Radza Zastepcza Tymczasowa). For their support for lynching

Lynching

Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment meted out by a mob. It is an enumerated felony in all states of the United States, defined by some codes of law as "Any act of violence inflicted by a mob upon the body of another person which results in the death of the person," with a 'mob' being defined as "the assemblage of two or more persons, with...
of supporters of the Targowica Confederation

Targowica Confederation

The Targowica Confederation was a Confederation of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth magnates agreed upon on 27 April 1792 in Saint Petersburg with the backing of Empress Catherine II of Russia of Russian Empire....
they have been abolished by Tadeusz Kosciuszko

Tadeusz Kosciuszko

Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kosciuszko of Roch III Coat of Arms was a Poland military leader who is regarded as a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States....
, but as the Uprising neared its defeat they were reactivated under the name of Association for Supporting the Revolution and the Cracow Act (Zgromadzenie dla Utrzymania Rewolucji i Aktu Krakowskiego). After the third partition of Poland, many Jacobins emigrated and joined the Polish Legions in Italy

Polish Legions in Italy

Polish Legions, during the Napoleon I of France, were collectively several Polish units serving in the French army from the 1790s to 1810s. After the third partition of Poland in 1795, many Poles believed that revolutionary France and its allies would come to the aid of Poland....
. Many of those who remained in Poland took part in various conspirational organisations (Association of Polish Republicans, Towarzystwo Republikanów Polskich). Eventually some prominent Jacobins (like Józef Zajaczek

Józef Zajaczek

Prince J?zef Zajaczek , was a controversial Poland general and politician.His first important military post was that of an aide-de-champ to hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki....
) became part of the government of the Duchy of Warsaw

Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw was a Poland state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit....
and later Congress Poland

Congress Poland

Congress Poland [], officially and formally Kingdom of Poland and informally known as Russian Poland was a constitutional personal union of the Russian Empire created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, replaced by the Central Powers in 1915 with the Kingdom of Poland ....
). During the November Uprising they were reactived as Patriotic Society

Patriotic Society

Patriotic Society can refer to two Polish organizations:* Patriotic Society formed by Walerian Lukasinski* Patriotic Society formed by various activists during the November Uprising...
(Towarzystwo Patriotyczne), founded by Joachim Lelewel

Joachim Lelewel

Joachim Lelewel was a Poland historian and politician, from a naturalized Polish branch of a Prussian family. His grandparents were Heinrich L?llh?ffel von L?wensprung and Constance Jauch family , who later Polonization her name to Lelewel....
. Polish Jacobins slowly became absorbed into other groups of the Great Emigration

Great Emigration

The Great Emigration was an emigration of political elites from Poland from 1831–1870. Since the end of the 18th century, a major role in Polish political life was played by people who carried out their activities outside the country as ?migr?s....
, although traces of their ideas were visible not only in the January Uprising but also in the Józef Pilsudski

Józef Pilsudski

]]In 1892 Pilsudski returned from exile. In 1893 he joined the Polish Socialist Party and helped organize its Lithuanian branch. Initially he sided with the Socialists' more radical wing, but despite the socialist movement's ostensible internationalism he remained a Polish nationalist....
's Polish Socialist Party

Polish Socialist Party

The Polish Socialist Party was one of the most important Poland left-wing political parties from its inception in 1892 until 1948.J?zef Pilsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, was a member and later leader of the PPS during early 20th century....
(Polska Partia Socjalistyczna).

Their political views had much in common with French Jacobins

Jacobin (politics)

In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club , but even at that time, the term Jacobins had been popularly applied to all promulgators of revolutionary opinions....
. They supported the French Revolution

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
and wanted to transplant most of its ideals to Poland, to abolish monarchy

Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is absolutely or nominally lodged in an individual, who is the head of state, often for Life tenure or until abdication, and "is wholly set apart from all other members of the state." The person who heads a monarchy is called a monarch....
and serfdom

Serfdom

Serfdom is the socio-economic status of unfree peasants under feudalism, and specifically relates to Manorialism. It was a condition of Debt bondage or modified slavery which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe....
, equalize the privileges of the various social class

Social class

Social class refers to the hierarchy distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. Usually most societies have some notion of social class , but concretely defined social classes are not found in every known type of human societies....
es, nationalize property (as a temporary measure for funding the war) and limit the privileges of the Catholic Church (although unlike radical French Jacobins, their stance was not anti-Christian).

Main activists:

Hugo Kollataj
Hugo Kollataj

Hugo Kollataj was a Poland Roman Catholic priest, social and political activist, political thinker, historian and philosopher....
gen. Jakub Jasinski
Jakub Jasinski

Jakub Jasinski was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth general and poet. He participated in the War in Defense of the Constitution in 1792, was an enemy of the Targowica Confederation and organized an action against its supporters in Wilno....
Józef Pawlikowski
Jan Alojzy Orchowski
Józef Zajaczek
Józef Zajaczek

Prince J?zef Zajaczek , was a controversial Poland general and politician.His first important military post was that of an aide-de-champ to hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki....
Tomasz Maruszewski
Tomasz Maruszewski

Tomasz Maruszewski was a prominent participant in the Kosciuszko Uprising.A Bourgeoisie and Polish Jacobin, he was a member of Kollataj's Forge and was Ennoblement by the Great Sejm in 1790....
Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski
Jan Czynski
Jan Czynski

Jan Czynski was a Poland independence activist, lawyer by education, writer and publicist, a life-time fighter for the emancipation of the Jews, trade supporter, utopian socialist, Polish Jacobins....
Tadeusz Krepowiecki
Maurycy Mochnacki
Maurycy Mochnacki

Maurycy Mochnacki was a Poland publicist. He participated in November Uprising as a chronicler - Powstanie narodu polskiego w roku 1830 i 1831....