Polabian language

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Polabian language

The Polabian language is an extinct

Extinct language

An extinct language is a language which no longer has any speakers .Extinct languages may be contrasted with Language death: no longer spoken as a main language....
West Slavic

West Slavic languages

The West Slavic languages is a subdivision of the Slavic languages that includes Czech language, Polish language, Slovak language, and Sorbian language....
language that was spoken by the Slavs of North-Eastern Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
around the river Laba

Elbe

The River Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It originates in the Krkonose Mountains of northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Germany and flowing into the North Sea....
(whence the name). It was spoken approximately until the mid-18th century, when it was suppressed by German

German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
, in the areas of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg

Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
, Saxony-Anhalt

Saxony-Anhalt

Saxony-Anhalt is one of the sixteen States of Germany that make up the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of , and a population of 2.45 million ....
, eastern parts of Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony lies in northern Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen States of Germany of Germany. In rural areas Low German is still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining....
, and Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the Northern Germany of the sixteen States of Germany of Germany. Its capital city is Kiel, other notable cities are L?beck and Flensburg....
.

Polabian was by some features markedly different from other Slavic languages

Slavic languages

File:Slavic europe.svgThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia....
. It was close to Pomerian

Pomeranian language

Pomeranian is a group of Lechitic languages dialects which were spoken in the Middle Ages on the territory of Pomerania. They are most closely related to Polabian language dialects, which they bordered in the west, and to Polish language dialects, which they bordered in the south....
and Kashubian

Kashubian language

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Encyclopedia

The Polabian language is an extinct

Extinct language

An extinct language is a language which no longer has any speakers .Extinct languages may be contrasted with Language death: no longer spoken as a main language....
West Slavic

West Slavic languages

Germany

Elbe

German language

Brandenburg

Saxony-Anhalt

Saxony-Anhalt is one of the sixteen States of Germany that make up the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of , and a population of 2.45 million ....
, eastern parts of Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony

Schleswig-Holstein

Slavic languages

Pomeranian language

Kashubian language

Kashubian or Cassubian is one of the Lechitic languages, a subgroup of the Slavic languages.Kashubian is assumed to have evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder River rivers....
, and attested only in a handful of manuscripts dictionaries and various writings from the 17th and the 18th century.

About 2800 Polabian words are known (but of prosaic writings, only a few prayers, one wedding song and a few folktales). Immediately before the language went extinct several people started to collect phrases, compile wordlists and were engaged with folklore of the Polabian Slavs, but only one of them appears to have been native speaker of Polabian (himself leaving only 13 pages of linguistically relevant material from a 310-page manuscript). The last native speaker of Polabian, a woman, died in 1756, and the last person who spoke limited Polabian passed away in 1825.

The most important monument of the language is the so-called Vocabularium Venedicum (1679—1719) by Christian Hennig.

Language left some traces in toponymy; for example, German cities Bremen

Bremen

Bremen is a Hanseatic League city in northwestern Germany . It is a port city, situated along the Weser River, about south from its mouth on the North Sea....
and Brandenburg

Brandenburg

Grammar

Phonology

For Polabian the following segments are reconstructable:

|+ Oral non-reduced monopthongs
|*i
|
|
|
| ü
|
|
| u
|-
|
| e
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
| e
|
| ö
|
| o
|
|-
|
|
|
| a
|
| å
|
|
|}

|+ Diphthongs
|  ai
|  åi
|  åu
|}

|+ Reduced
| e
|-
|
|-
|
|-
| a
|}

|+ Nasal
| a
| o
|}

>>>>

**Polabian consonant segments**
	Bilabial Bilabial consonant In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:...		Labiodental Labiodental consonant In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants Place of articulation with the lower lip and the upper teeth. The labiodental consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:...		Dental Dental consonant In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as , , , and in some languages....		Alveolar Alveolar consonant Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the Dental alveolus of the superior teeth....	Palatal Palatal consonant Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate . Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex consonant....		Post-palatal Palatal consonant Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate . Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex consonant....	Velar Velar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the Soft palate)....
Plosive	p	b			t	d		t'	d'		k	g
Plosive	?	b´
Affricate Affricate consonant Affricate consonants begin as stop consonants but release as a fricative consonant rather than directly into the following vowel....					c	?		c	?´
Fricative Fricative consonant Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two Place of articulation close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German language , the final consonant of Bach; or the side of the tongue ag...			f	v	s	z	š	s	z	x´	x
			-	v´
Nasal Nasal consonant A nasal consonant is produced with a lowered soft palate in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is blocked by the tongue....	m				n			n
	?
Lateral Lateral consonant Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue....							l
							l
Trill Trill consonant In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the articulator and the place of articulation. Standard Spanish <rr > as in perro is an alveolar trill, while in Parisian French it is almost always uvular trill....							r
							r
Semi-vowel								j

Morphology

Syntax

Lexis

Dialects

Example of Polabian

The Lord's Prayer

Lord's Prayer

The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known prayer in Christianity. On Easter Sunday 2007 it was estimated that 2 billion Catholic, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox Christians read, recited, or sang the short prayer in hundreds of languages in houses of worship of all shapes and size...
in Polabian and related Lechitic languages

Lechitic languages

The Lechitic languages include three languages spoken in Central Europe, mainly in Poland, and historically also in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, and Vorpommern, in the north-eastern region of modern Germany....
is:

style="font-size:80%;" Polabian

Nôße Wader,
ta toy giß wa Nebisgáy,
Sjungta woarda tügí Geima,
tia Rîk komma,
tia Willia ?chinyôt,
kok wa Nebisgáy,
tôk kak no Sime,
Nôßi wißedanneisna Stgeiba doy nâm dâns,
un wittedoy nâm nôße Ggrêch,
kak moy wittedoyime nôßem Grêsmarim,
Ni bringoy nôs ka War?ikónye,
tay lö?oáy nôs wit wißókak
Chaudak.
Amen.

Upper Sorbian:

Wótce naš,

kiž sy w njebjesach.

Swjec so Twoje mjeno.

Prindz Twoje kralestwo.

Stan so Twoja wola,

kaž na njebju,

tak na zemi.

Wšedny chleb naš daj nam dzens.

Wodaj nam naše winy,

jako my tež wodawamy swojim winikam.

A njewjedz nas do spytowanja,

ale wumóž nas wot zleho.

Amen.

Kashubian

Kashubian language

Òjcze nasz,

jaczi jes w niebie,

niech sã swiãcy Twòje miono,

niech przindze Twòje królestwò,

niech mdze Twòja wòlô

jakno w niebie

tak téz na zemi.

Chleba najégò pòwszednégò dôj

nóm dzysô

i òdpùscë nóm naje winë,

jak i më òdpùszcziwóme naszim winowajcóm.

A nie dopùscë na nas pòkùszeniô,

ale nas zbawi òde zlégò.

Amen.

Polish

Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
:

Ojcze nasz,

którys jest w niebie,

swiec sie imie Twoje,

przyjdz królestwo Twoje,

badz wola Twoja

jako w niebie

tak i na ziemi.

Chleba naszego powszedniego daj nam dzisiaj;

i odpusc nam nasze winy,

jako i my odpuszczamy naszym winowajcom.

I nie wódz nas na pokuszenie,

ale nas zbaw ode zlego.

Amen.

ELLC
English Language Liturgical Consultation

The English Language Liturgical Consultation is a group of national associations of ecumenical liturgy in the English language-speaking world. Their work has been concerned with developing and promoting common liturgical texts in English and sharing a common lectionary wherever possible....
(1988)

Our Father

in heaven,

hallowed be your name,

your kingdom come,

your will be done,

on earth

as in heaven.

Give us today our daily bread.

Forgive us our sins

as we forgive those who sin against us.

Save us from the time of trial

and deliver us from evil.

Amen.

Polabian language

Grammar

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Lexis

Dialects

Example of Polabian

See also