Podolia Governorate
Encyclopedia
The Podolia
Podolia
The region of Podolia is an historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. Northern Transnistria, in Moldova, is also a part of Podolia...

 Governorate
or Government of Podolia, set up after the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792...

, comprised a governorate (guberniya
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...

) of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

 from 1793 to 1917, of the Ukrainian People's Republic
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic or Ukrainian National Republic was a republic that was declared in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura.-Revolutionary Wave:...

 from 1917 to 1921, and of the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...

 from 1921 to 1925.

Location

The Podolian Governorate occupied the southwestern frontier of the former Russian empire, bordering Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

, and had an area of about 42,000 km². The administrative centre was Kamenets-Podolskiy
Kamianets-Podilskyi
Kamyanets-Podilsky or Kamienets-Podolsky is a city located on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi...

 until 1914 when it moved to Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia is a city located on the banks of the Southern Bug, in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast.-Names:...

.

Podolia Governorate was one of the three governorates of the Southwestern Krai
Southwestern Krai
Southwestern Krai , also known as Kiev General Governorate or Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia General Governorate was a subdivision of the Russian Empire that included much of the territory of modern-day Ukraine covering both banks of the Dnieper River.The Governorate General consisted of several...

 administration. In 1917 it was recognized to be governed by the General Secretariat of Ukraine
General Secretariat of Ukraine
The General Secretariat of Ukraine was the main executive institution of the Ukrainian People's Republic from June 28, 1917 to January 22, 1918.It closely related to the today's Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine...

 as the representative of the Russian Provisional Government
Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government was the short-lived administrative body which sought to govern Russia immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II . On September 14, the State Duma of the Russian Empire was officially dissolved by the newly created Directorate, and the country was...

.

Administrative division

Until 1918 the governorate consisted of 12 uyezd
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...

s:
  1. Balta uyezd
  2. Bratslav uyezd
  3. Vinnitsia uyezd
  4. Gaysin uyezd
  5. Kamenets uyezd
  6. Letichev uyezd
  7. Litin uyezd
  8. Mogilev uyezd
  9. Olgopol uyezd
  10. Proskurov uyezd
  11. Ushytsa uyezd
  12. Yampol uyezd


In 1918 four more Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....

n uyezds were added:
  1. Khotin uyezd
  2. Soroka uyezd
  3. Orgiyev uyezd
  4. Beltsy uyezd

Principal cities

Russian Census of 1897:
  • Kamenets/Podolsky - 35 934 (Jewish - 16 112, Ukrainian - 9 755, Russian - 7 420)
  • Vinnitsa - 30 563 (Jewish - 11 456, Ukrainian - 10 862, Russian - 5 206)
  • Balta
    Balta, Ukraine
    Balta is a small city in the Odessa Oblast of south-western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Baltsky Raion , and located approximately 200 kilometers from the oblast capital, Odessa...

     - 23 363 (Jewish - 13 164, Russian - 5 385, Ukrainian - 4 124)
  • Proskurov - 22 855 (Jewish - 11 369, Ukrainian - 4 425, Russian - 3 483)
  • Mogilev/Dnestr - 22 315 (Jewish - 12 188, Ukrainian - 6 512, Russian - 2 668)
  • Zhmerinka - 12 908
  • Khmelnik - 11 657 (Jewish - 5 979, Ukrainian - 5 375, Polish - 150)

Smaller cities

  • Bar
    Bar, Ukraine
    Bar is a city located on the Rov River in the Vinnytsia Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Barskyi Raion , and is part of the historic region of Podolia. The current estimated population is 17,200 .-History:The city was a small trade outpost named Row...

     - 9 982 (Jewish - 5 764, Ukrainian - 3 332, Russian - 485)
  • Litin - 9 420 (Jewish - 3 828, Ukrainian - 3 047, Russian - 2 126)
  • Gaysin
    Haisyn
    Haisyn or Guysin is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. Population is 25,640 ....

     - 9 374 (Jewish - 4 322, Ukrainian - 3 946, Russian - 884)
  • Olgopol
    Olhopil, Vinnytsia Oblast
    Olhopil is a village in Chechelnytskyi Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine.First known since 1780 as Rohuzka Chechelnytska it was a border town between Rzeczpospolita and Budjak Horde. In 1795 it was renamed Olgopol by Ekaterina II in the name of her granddaughter, Olga Pavlovna...

     - 8 134 (Ukrainian - 4 837, Jewish - 2 465, Russian - 625)
  • Bratslav
    Bratslav
    Bratslav |Breslov]] as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is a townlet in Ukraine, located in the Nemyriv Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river. It is a medieval European city having dramatically lost its importance during 19th-20th centuries...

     - 7 863 (Jewish - 3 275, Ukrainian - 2 608, Russian - 1 782)
  • Letichev - 7 248 (Jewish - 4 105, Ukrainian - 1 719, Polish - 741)
  • Yampol - 6 605 (Ukrainian - 3 282, Jewish - 2 819, Russian - 275)
  • Novaya Ushytsa - 6 371 (Jewish - 2 214, Russian - 2 120, Ukrainian - 1 836)
  • Staraya Ushytsa - 4 176 (Ukrainian - 2 488, Jewish - 1 584, Polish - 57)
  • Salnitsa - 3 699 (Ukrainian - 2 758, Jewish - 899, Polish - 19)
  • Verbovets - 2 311 (Ukrainian - 1 282, Jewish - 661, Polish - 326)

Language

The Imperial census of 1897 produced the following statistics. In bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language. In 1897 3,018,299 people lived in the governorate of Podolia.

{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Ukrainian
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....


|2 442 819
|80.93
|
|
|-----
|Yiddish
Yiddish language
Yiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages...


|369 306
|12.24
|
|
|-----
|Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...


|98 984
|3.28
|
|
|-----
|Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...


|69 156
|2.29
|
|
|-----
|Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...


|26 764
|0.89
|
|
|-----
|German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....


|4 069
|0.13
|
|
|-----
|Tatar
Tatar language
The Tatar language , or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkiria...


|2 296
|0.08
|
|
|-----
|Bashkir
Bashkir language
The Bashkir language is a Turkic language, and is the language of the Bashkirs. It is co-official with Russian in the Republic of Bashkortostan.-Speakers:...


|1 113
|0.04
|
|
|-----
|Other
|3 706
|0.12
|
|
|-----
|Persons
who did not identify
their native language
|73
|<0.01
|
|
|+
|}

The cities had 221,870 inhabitatnts, comprising about 7.35% of the total population. About 46.06% of the urban population consisted of Jews, 32.54% - Ukrainians, 15.03% - Russians, and 4.90% - Polish.

Religion

The Imperial census of 1897 reported:

{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Religion
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|Eastern Orthodox
|2 358 497
|78.14
|
|
|-----
|Judaism
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...


|370 612
|12.28
|
|
|-----
|Roman Catholics
|262 738
|8.70
|
|
|-----
|Old Believers
Old Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...


|18 849
|0.62
|
|
|-----
|Other
|7 603
|0.25
|
|
|+
|}
Religious structures
  • Churches
    • Eastern Orthodox 1645
    • Roman Catholic (kosciol) 202
    • Lutheran 4
  • Monasteries
    • Eastern Orthodox 7 (male), 4 (female)
  • Synagogue
    Synagogue
    A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...

    s 89
    • other Shul(s) 438
  • Mosque
    Mosque
    A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...

    (s) 1
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