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The chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 pinene is a bicyclic terpene
Terpene

Terpenes are a large and varied class of hydrocarbons, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeterium....
 (C10H16, 136.24 g/mol ) known as a monoterpene
Monoterpene

Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear or contain rings....
 . There are two structural isomer
Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same functional groups....
s found in nature: a-pinene
Alpha-Pinene

a-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is an alkene and it contains a reactive Cyclobutane. It is found in the oils of many species of many Pinophyta trees, notably the pine....
 and ß-pinene
Beta-Pinene

beta-Pinene is a colorless liquid, solubility in alcohol, but not water. It has a woody-green pine-like odour. It occurs naturally in rosemary, parsley, dill, basil, yarrow, and rose....
. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine
Pine

Pines are Pinophyta trees in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species....
 resin
Resin

Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly Pinophyta. It is valued for its chemical constituents and uses, such as varnishes and adhesives, as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, or for incense and perfume....
; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers
Pinophyta

The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxon within the Plant. They are Conifer cone-bearing seed plants with Vascular plant tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs....
, and more widely in other plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s. Both are also used by many insects in their chemical communication system.

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nene and ß-pinene are both produced from geranyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl pyrophosphate

Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids....
, via cyclisation of linaloyl
Linalool

Linalool is a naturally-occurring terpene alcohol chemical found in many flowers and spice plants with many commercial applications, the majority of which are based on its pleasant scent ....
 pyrophosphate followed by loss of a proton from the carbocation equivalent.


ctive oxidation of pinene with some catalysts in chemical industry give many components for pharmacy, artificial odorants and so on.






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Encyclopedia


The chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 pinene is a bicyclic terpene
Terpene

Terpenes are a large and varied class of hydrocarbons, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeterium....
 (C10H16, 136.24 g/mol ) known as a monoterpene
Monoterpene

Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear or contain rings....
 . There are two structural isomer
Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same functional groups....
s found in nature: a-pinene
Alpha-Pinene

a-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is an alkene and it contains a reactive Cyclobutane. It is found in the oils of many species of many Pinophyta trees, notably the pine....
 and ß-pinene
Beta-Pinene

beta-Pinene is a colorless liquid, solubility in alcohol, but not water. It has a woody-green pine-like odour. It occurs naturally in rosemary, parsley, dill, basil, yarrow, and rose....
. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine
Pine

Pines are Pinophyta trees in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species....
 resin
Resin

Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly Pinophyta. It is valued for its chemical constituents and uses, such as varnishes and adhesives, as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, or for incense and perfume....
; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers
Pinophyta

The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxon within the Plant. They are Conifer cone-bearing seed plants with Vascular plant tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs....
, and more widely in other plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s. Both are also used by many insects in their chemical communication system.

Isomers

skeletal formula
Skeletal formula

The skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular geometry. Skeletal formulae are ubiquitous in organic chemistry because they show complicated structures clearly and they are quick and simple to draw....
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perspective view
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X
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ball-and-stick model
Ball-and-stick model

Ball-and-stick models and space-filling models are three-dimensional space or spatial molecular models which serve to display the structure of chemical products and chemical substance or biomolecules....
X
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name
(1R)-(+)-a-pinene
(1S)-(-)-a-pinene
(1R)-(+)-ß-pinene
(1S)-(-)-ß-pinene
CAS number
CAS registry number

CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical elements, chemical compound, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys....
7785-70-8
7785-26-4
19902-08-0
18172-67-3


Biosynthesis

a-Pinene and ß-pinene are both produced from geranyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl pyrophosphate

Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids....
, via cyclisation of linaloyl
Linalool

Linalool is a naturally-occurring terpene alcohol chemical found in many flowers and spice plants with many commercial applications, the majority of which are based on its pleasant scent ....
 pyrophosphate followed by loss of a proton from the carbocation equivalent.

Pinenebiosynthesis

Usage

Selective oxidation of pinene with some catalysts in chemical industry give many components for pharmacy, artificial odorants and so on. The primary oxidation product is verbenone
Verbenone

Verbenone is a natural organic compound classified as a terpene which plays an important role in the control of the Southern pine bark beetle....
.

It can form by simple air oxidation but a synthetic method employs lead tetraacetate .

Pinenes form the primary constituents of turpentine
Turpentine

Turpentine is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from trees, mainly pine trees. It is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-Pinene and beta-Pinene....
.

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