Pied Tamarin
Encyclopedia
The pied tamarin is an endangered
primate
species
found in a restricted area in the Brazil
ian Amazon Rainforest
.
is found within and just north of the city limits of Manaus
, the capital
of the Amazonas state of Brazil
. The main distribution is in the rio Cuieiras
and rio Preto da Eva
interfluvium. Pied tamarin
s are also found in the adjacent rio Preto da Eva and rio Urubu
interfluvium, but are comparatively rare. There appears to be interspecific competition
between the pied tamarin and the red-handed tamarin
with the red-handed tamarin gradually displacing the pied tamarin from areas of its historical distribution. There are therefore multiple threats to the long term survival of the pied tamarin that stem from habitat destruction
and from interspecific competition
.
it measures 33.5–42.0 cm. Males weigh 428 grams (n = 4). Its life expectancy
is approximately 10 years in the wild.
is 4.8 individuals per group (n = 41), and other areas around Manaus reported mean group sizes of 6.19 ± 2.62 (n = 46). Only the alpha female of the group will breed. Reproduction
in other females of the group is behaviorally suppressed. The gestation lasts 140–170 days and mothers typically give birth to twins. Young tamarins are cared for primarily by the father and turned over to the mother only to nurse, however the entire group helps with the care of the young.
Tamarins are omnivorous, their diet consisting of fruit, flowers, nectar, insects, spiders, small vertebrates and bird eggs. Its natural predators are small cats, birds of prey, and snakes. In urban setting main predators are domestic and feral cats and dogs. Due to the destruction of their natural habitat the species is at risk. However, the species also occurs in several protected areas.
include:
Major protected areas within Manaus
include:
Endangered species
An endangered species is a population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters...
primate
Primate
A primate is a mammal of the order Primates , which contains prosimians and simians. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment...
species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
found in a restricted area in the Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian Amazon Rainforest
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America...
.
Range
This New World monkeyNew World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Platyrrhini parvorder and the Ceboidea superfamily, which are essentially synonymous since...
is found within and just north of the city limits of Manaus
Manaus
Manaus is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination....
, the capital
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of the Amazonas state of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. The main distribution is in the rio Cuieiras
Cuieiras River
Cuieiras River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil.-References:*...
and rio Preto da Eva
Preto da Eva River
Preto da Eva River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil.-References:*...
interfluvium. Pied tamarin
Tamarin
The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus Saguinus. They are closely related to the lion tamarins in the genus Leontopithecus.- Range :...
s are also found in the adjacent rio Preto da Eva and rio Urubu
Urubu River (Amazonas)
Urubu River is a river in Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. It is a tributary of the Amazon River, and it branches to the north . It is a black-water river....
interfluvium, but are comparatively rare. There appears to be interspecific competition
Interspecific competition
Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resource in an ecosystem...
between the pied tamarin and the red-handed tamarin
Red-handed Tamarin
The red-handed tamarin , also known as the golden-handed tamarin or Midas tamarin, is a New World monkey named for the contrasting reddish-orange hair on their feet and hands. It is native to wooded areas north of the Amazon River in Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, and possibly Venezuela...
with the red-handed tamarin gradually displacing the pied tamarin from areas of its historical distribution. There are therefore multiple threats to the long term survival of the pied tamarin that stem from habitat destruction
Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction is the process in which natural habitat is rendered functionally unable to support the species present. In this process, the organisms that previously used the site are displaced or destroyed, reducing biodiversity. Habitat destruction by human activity mainly for the purpose of...
and from interspecific competition
Interspecific competition
Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resource in an ecosystem...
.
Description
The pied tamarin's body measures 20.8–28.3 cm.; including the tailTail
The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds...
it measures 33.5–42.0 cm. Males weigh 428 grams (n = 4). Its life expectancy
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is denoted by ex, which means the average number of subsequent years of life for someone now aged x, according to a particular mortality experience...
is approximately 10 years in the wild.
Behavior and Reproduction
Individuals live in groups of 2 to 15 members with little intra-group competition. Average group size in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho DuckeAdolpho Ducke
Adolpho Ducke , also referred to as Adolfo Ducke and occasionally mis-spelled "Duque", was a notable entomologist, botanist and ethnographer of Amazonia....
is 4.8 individuals per group (n = 41), and other areas around Manaus reported mean group sizes of 6.19 ± 2.62 (n = 46). Only the alpha female of the group will breed. Reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. There are two main processes during sexual reproduction; they are: meiosis, involving the halving of the number of chromosomes; and fertilization, involving the fusion of two gametes and the...
in other females of the group is behaviorally suppressed. The gestation lasts 140–170 days and mothers typically give birth to twins. Young tamarins are cared for primarily by the father and turned over to the mother only to nurse, however the entire group helps with the care of the young.
Tamarins are omnivorous, their diet consisting of fruit, flowers, nectar, insects, spiders, small vertebrates and bird eggs. Its natural predators are small cats, birds of prey, and snakes. In urban setting main predators are domestic and feral cats and dogs. Due to the destruction of their natural habitat the species is at risk. However, the species also occurs in several protected areas.
Conservation
Major protected areas outside ManausManaus
Manaus is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination....
include:
- The Rio Negro State Park
- The Sauim-castanheiras Wildlife Refuge (97 ha)
- The Adolfo Ducke Forest Reserve of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) (10,000 ha)
- The Walter Egler Forest Reserve of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) (630 ha)
- The Military training area of the Centro de Instrução de Guerra na Selva (CIGS) (115,000 ha)
- The Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve
- The left margin of Rio Negro Environmemtal Protection Area – Tarumã-Açú/Tarumã-mirim Sector
Major protected areas within Manaus
Manaus
Manaus is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination....
include:
- The campus of Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) (670 ha)
- The buffer zone around the Eduardo Gomes international airport (800 ha)
- The buffer zone around the Ponte Pelada regional airport (57.6 ha)
- The Sumauma State Park (51 ha)
- The Mindu Municipal Park (26.5 ha)
- The worker's country club SESCI (49.5 ha)
- The worker's country club SESI (100 ha)
- The 1ºBIS/CIGS military zoo and surrounding areas