Photian schism
Encyclopedia
The Photian schism is a term for a controversy lasting from 863
-867
between Eastern (Byzantine, later Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic) Christianity.
This conflict was precipitated by the opposition of Roman Catholic Pope Nicholas I
(r. 858-867) to the appointment by Byzantine Emperor Michael III of a lay scholar as Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople. The schism effectively ended in 867 with both the death of Pope Nicholas I and the first deposition
of Photius. Nevertheless, it took two councils at Constantinople (869-870 and 879-880) to fully resolve the situation.
The controversy also involved Eastern and Western ecclesiastical jurisdictional rights in the Bulgarian church, as well as a doctrinal dispute over the word "filioque" (meaning “and from the Son”) that had been added to the Nicene Creed
by the Latin church, which was the theological breaking point in the eleventh century Great East-West Schism
.
863
Year 863 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland ....
-867
867
Year 867 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Byzantine Empire :* September – Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.* Macedonian dynasty is started....
between Eastern (Byzantine, later Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic) Christianity.
This conflict was precipitated by the opposition of Roman Catholic Pope Nicholas I
Pope Nicholas I
Pope Nicholas I, , or Saint Nicholas the Great, reigned from April 24, 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority and power, exerting decisive influence upon the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe.He...
(r. 858-867) to the appointment by Byzantine Emperor Michael III of a lay scholar as Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople. The schism effectively ended in 867 with both the death of Pope Nicholas I and the first deposition
Deposition (politics)
Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch. It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion or forced abdication...
of Photius. Nevertheless, it took two councils at Constantinople (869-870 and 879-880) to fully resolve the situation.
The controversy also involved Eastern and Western ecclesiastical jurisdictional rights in the Bulgarian church, as well as a doctrinal dispute over the word "filioque" (meaning “and from the Son”) that had been added to the Nicene Creed
Nicene Creed
The Nicene Creed is the creed or profession of faith that is most widely used in Christian liturgy. It is called Nicene because, in its original form, it was adopted in the city of Nicaea by the first ecumenical council, which met there in the year 325.The Nicene Creed has been normative to the...
by the Latin church, which was the theological breaking point in the eleventh century Great East-West Schism
East-West Schism
The East–West Schism of 1054, sometimes known as the Great Schism, formally divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively...
.