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Philemon Holland (1552 – February 9, 1637) was an English translator.

His father, John Holland, was a clergyman who fled the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
 during the persecutions of Mary I of England
Mary I of England

Mary I , was Queen of England and Monarchy of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI of England, to the English throne....
. Philemon was born at Chelmsford
Chelmsford

Chelmsford is the county town of Essex, England - the principal settlement of the borough of Chelmsford . It is located northeast of Charing Cross in London....
, Essex, and educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford
King Edward VI Grammar School (Chelmsford)

King Edward VI Grammar School, or KEGS, is a Great Britain grammar school located in the town of Chelmsford. It takes pupils between the ages of 11 and 18 ? from Year 7 to 11 the pupils are exclusively male, although it becomes mixed in the sixth form ....
 (where, more than three hundred years later, a house was named for him), before going on to Trinity College
Trinity College, Cambridge

Trinity College is one of the 31 Colleges of the University of Cambridge of the University of Cambridge. Trinity has more members than any other college in Cambridge or University of Oxford, with around 700 undergraduates, 430 graduate students, and over 160 Fellows; however, counting only the student body it has somewhat fewer than Homert...
, Cambridge
University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge , located in Cambridge, England, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation university in the Anglosphere....
. He took a degree in medicine and moved to Coventry
Coventry

Coventry is a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. With a population of 303,475 at the United Kingdom Census 2001 , Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom....
 around 1595, where he practiced among the poor but devoted most of his energy to translating.






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Philemon Holland (1552 – February 9, 1637) was an English translator.

His father, John Holland, was a clergyman who fled the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
 during the persecutions of Mary I of England
Mary I of England

Mary I , was Queen of England and Monarchy of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI of England, to the English throne....
. Philemon was born at Chelmsford
Chelmsford

Chelmsford is the county town of Essex, England - the principal settlement of the borough of Chelmsford . It is located northeast of Charing Cross in London....
, Essex, and educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford
King Edward VI Grammar School (Chelmsford)

King Edward VI Grammar School, or KEGS, is a Great Britain grammar school located in the town of Chelmsford. It takes pupils between the ages of 11 and 18 ? from Year 7 to 11 the pupils are exclusively male, although it becomes mixed in the sixth form ....
 (where, more than three hundred years later, a house was named for him), before going on to Trinity College
Trinity College, Cambridge

Trinity College is one of the 31 Colleges of the University of Cambridge of the University of Cambridge. Trinity has more members than any other college in Cambridge or University of Oxford, with around 700 undergraduates, 430 graduate students, and over 160 Fellows; however, counting only the student body it has somewhat fewer than Homert...
, Cambridge
University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge , located in Cambridge, England, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation university in the Anglosphere....
. He took a degree in medicine and moved to Coventry
Coventry

Coventry is a City status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. With a population of 303,475 at the United Kingdom Census 2001 , Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom....
 around 1595, where he practiced among the poor but devoted most of his energy to translating. In 1628 he was made headmaster of the local free school, but he served for less than a year. His last years were passed in poverty, though he was awarded a pension in 1635 by the city council of Coventry.

Holland was extremely productive, but his best known translations are of Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder

Gaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author, naturalist or natural philosopher and naval and military commander of some importance who wrote Natural History ....
's Natural History, Plutarch's
Plutarch

Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus , c. AD 46 ? 120 ? commonly known in English as Plutarch ? was a Ancient Rome historian , biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonism....
 Moralia, Suetonius
Lives of the Twelve Caesars

De vita Caesarum commonly known as The Twelve Caesars, is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 Roman Emperor of the Roman Empire written by Suetonius....
, Xenophon's
Xenophon

Xenophon , son of Gryllus, of the deme Erchia of Athens, also known as Xenophon of Athens and Xenophon of Thebes, was a soldier, mercenary and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates....
 Cyropaedia
Cyropaedia (Xenophon)

The Cyropaedia is a "partly fictional biography" of Cyrus the Great, written in the early 4th century BCE by the Athens gentleman-soldier Xenophon....
, and William Camden
William Camden

William Camden was an England antiquarian and historian. He wrote the first topographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland and the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I of England....
's Britannia. Holland's Pliny is sometimes superior (despite the antiquated language he uses) to the 20th‑century English translations commonly available, and there are passages in his Plutarch which have hardly been excelled by any later prose translator of the classics.

Sources



External links

  • (in progress, Books I‑III, VII‑XIII)
  • from The Cambridge History of English and American Literature.