Phadebas
Encyclopedia
Phadebas is a substrate
used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the alpha-Amylase
enzyme. The active component of Phadebas is DSM-P, microspheres in which a blue dye has been chemically bound. Phadebas is used in a wide range of applications from quality control tests for food & beverages to detection of saliva stains in forensic investigations.
Diagnostics and first launched in 1970. The name Phadebas is an abbreviation of Pharmacia
Diagnostics Biologically Active Substances. In the 70’s PAT was used in hospitals world wide as an in vitro diagnostics
test for acute pancreatitis but the application was later outrivaled by automatic analysis systems. PAT is no longer marketed for the IVD-market and does no longer uphold its EC-certificate. Even though the original application has vanished Phadebas is still used as a colouring agent in some clinical assays. Phadebas does in these assays, not play an active role in the later diagnosis. The semi-manual method of Phadebas proved to function in other applications outside of the IVD-market. The method was up taken by forensic laboratories, the alimentary – and chemical industry. In 2005 Phadebas was acquired by Magle Life Sciences and in 2007, Phadebas Forensic was launched as a first diversification within the product family. Three years later, Phadebas Honey
Diastase Test was launched resulting in totally eight products in the Phadebas portfolio.
stains in forensic investigations.
stains. Locating saliva
stains is a challenging task to perform with light sources as these stains don't fluoresce very well. A study has shown that as many as 40% of saliva
stains on garments go undetected when using alternate light sources. The test is capable of locating saliva deposits on any item or surface. Allegedly, Phadebas Forensic Press test is selective, the reason being that alpha-amylase
activity in saliva
is typically several orders of magnitude higher than in other body fluids. The methodology isn't new, as this has been implemented in many forensic labs world wide for many years.
According to the EU Honey Directive, Diastase Activity is a composition criterion that must be determined for honeys intended for human consumption. The official analysis methods for the determination of Diastase Activity in honey are the Schade and Phadebas assays, recommended by the International Honey Commission. As this method is based on fixed equations instead of a standard curve
the new Phadebas Honey
Diastase Test was developed, to ensure stable results independent of batch.
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the alpha-Amylase
Alpha-Amylase
α-Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals...
enzyme. The active component of Phadebas is DSM-P, microspheres in which a blue dye has been chemically bound. Phadebas is used in a wide range of applications from quality control tests for food & beverages to detection of saliva stains in forensic investigations.
History
The Phadebas Amylase Test (PAT) was originally developed by PharmaciaPharmacia
Pharmacia was a pharmaceutical and biotechnological company in Sweden.-History:Pharmacia was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden by pharmacist Gustav Felix Grönfeldt at the Elgen Pharmacy. The company is named after the Greek word φαρμακεία, transliterated pharmakeia, which means 'sorcery'...
Diagnostics and first launched in 1970. The name Phadebas is an abbreviation of Pharmacia
Pharmacia
Pharmacia was a pharmaceutical and biotechnological company in Sweden.-History:Pharmacia was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden by pharmacist Gustav Felix Grönfeldt at the Elgen Pharmacy. The company is named after the Greek word φαρμακεία, transliterated pharmakeia, which means 'sorcery'...
Diagnostics Biologically Active Substances. In the 70’s PAT was used in hospitals world wide as an in vitro diagnostics
In vitro diagnostics
In vitro diagnostic tests are medical devices intended to perform diagnoses from assays in a test tube, or more generally in a controlled environment outside a living organism...
test for acute pancreatitis but the application was later outrivaled by automatic analysis systems. PAT is no longer marketed for the IVD-market and does no longer uphold its EC-certificate. Even though the original application has vanished Phadebas is still used as a colouring agent in some clinical assays. Phadebas does in these assays, not play an active role in the later diagnosis. The semi-manual method of Phadebas proved to function in other applications outside of the IVD-market. The method was up taken by forensic laboratories, the alimentary – and chemical industry. In 2005 Phadebas was acquired by Magle Life Sciences and in 2007, Phadebas Forensic was launched as a first diversification within the product family. Three years later, Phadebas Honey
Honey
Honey is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers. The variety produced by honey bees is the one most commonly referred to and is the type of honey collected by beekeepers and consumed by humans...
Diastase Test was launched resulting in totally eight products in the Phadebas portfolio.
Applications
Phadebas is used in a wide range of applications from quality control tests for food & beverages to detection of salivaSaliva
Saliva , referred to in various contexts as spit, spittle, drivel, drool, or slobber, is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. Saliva is a component of oral fluid. In mammals, saliva is produced in and secreted from the three pairs of major salivary glands,...
stains in forensic investigations.
Research and Quality
PAT is used for accurately determining α-amylase for a wide variety of industrial as well as academic applications, e.g.;- α-amylaseAlpha-Amylaseα-Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals...
from detergents - Biotech research & development (e.g., bacterial excretion of amylase)
- Dentistry applications
- Reagent for the clinical diagnosis of pancreatitisPancreatitisPancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the small intestine. It may be acute – beginning suddenly and lasting a few days, or chronic – occurring over many years...
- Specialty chemicals
Forensics
The Phadebas Forensic Press test is used for detecting and identifying hidden salivaSaliva
Saliva , referred to in various contexts as spit, spittle, drivel, drool, or slobber, is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. Saliva is a component of oral fluid. In mammals, saliva is produced in and secreted from the three pairs of major salivary glands,...
stains. Locating saliva
Saliva
Saliva , referred to in various contexts as spit, spittle, drivel, drool, or slobber, is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. Saliva is a component of oral fluid. In mammals, saliva is produced in and secreted from the three pairs of major salivary glands,...
stains is a challenging task to perform with light sources as these stains don't fluoresce very well. A study has shown that as many as 40% of saliva
Saliva
Saliva , referred to in various contexts as spit, spittle, drivel, drool, or slobber, is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. Saliva is a component of oral fluid. In mammals, saliva is produced in and secreted from the three pairs of major salivary glands,...
stains on garments go undetected when using alternate light sources. The test is capable of locating saliva deposits on any item or surface. Allegedly, Phadebas Forensic Press test is selective, the reason being that alpha-amylase
Alpha-Amylase
α-Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals...
activity in saliva
Saliva
Saliva , referred to in various contexts as spit, spittle, drivel, drool, or slobber, is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. Saliva is a component of oral fluid. In mammals, saliva is produced in and secreted from the three pairs of major salivary glands,...
is typically several orders of magnitude higher than in other body fluids. The methodology isn't new, as this has been implemented in many forensic labs world wide for many years.
Alimentary
The Phadebas Amylase test is used for determining α-amylase in a wide variety of food applications, for example;- Egg powderPowdered eggsPowdered eggs are fully dehydrated eggs. They are made in a spray dryer in the same way that powdered milk is made. The major advantages of powdered eggs over fresh eggs are the price, reduced weight per volume of whole egg equivalent, and the shelf life...
- WheatWheatWheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...
- Milk
- HoneyHoneyHoney is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers. The variety produced by honey bees is the one most commonly referred to and is the type of honey collected by beekeepers and consumed by humans...
According to the EU Honey Directive, Diastase Activity is a composition criterion that must be determined for honeys intended for human consumption. The official analysis methods for the determination of Diastase Activity in honey are the Schade and Phadebas assays, recommended by the International Honey Commission. As this method is based on fixed equations instead of a standard curve
Standard curve
A standard curve is a quantitative research tool, a method of plotting assay data that is used to determine the concentration of a substance, particularly proteins and DNA. It can be used in many biological experiments...
the new Phadebas Honey
Honey
Honey is a sweet food made by bees using nectar from flowers. The variety produced by honey bees is the one most commonly referred to and is the type of honey collected by beekeepers and consumed by humans...
Diastase Test was developed, to ensure stable results independent of batch.