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Petroleum coke
 
 
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Petroleum coke (often abbreviated petcoke) is a carbonaceous
Carbonaceous

Carbonaceous is the defining attribute of a chemical compound rich in carbon. Particularly, carbonaceous hydrocarbons are very saturation , high-molecular weight hydrocarbons, having an elevated carbon:hydrogen ratio....
 solid derived from oil refinery
Oil refinery

An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas....
 coker unit
Coker unit

A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the Vacuum distillation#Industrial-scale applications or the Continuous distillation#Continuous distillation of crude oil into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy Gas oil, and petroleum coke....
s or other cracking
Cracking (chemistry)

In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic compound molecules such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules by the breaking of carbon-carbon chemical bond in the precursors....
 processes. Other coke
Coke (fuel)

Cokes are the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous....
 has traditionally been derived from coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
.

Marketable coke is coke that is relatively pure carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 and can be sold for use as fuel
Fuel

Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy and to heat or to move an object. Fuel releases its energy either through a chemical reaction means, such as combustion, or nuclear means, such as nuclear fission or nuclear fusion....
 (i.e. fuel grade coke), or for the manufacture of dry cell
Dry cell

A dry cell is a galvanic electrochemical cell with a pasty low-moisture electrolyte. A wet cell, on the other hand, is a cell with a liquid electrolyte, such as the lead-acid batteries in most cars....
s, electrode
Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a Electronic circuit . The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek language words elektron and hodos, a way....
s (ie anode grade coke). Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly crystalline petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the steel
Steel

Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.14% by weight , depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten....
 and aluminum industries. Catalyst coke is coke that has deposited on the catalysts used in oil refining, such as those in a fluid catalytic cracker.






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Petroleum coke (often abbreviated petcoke) is a carbonaceous
Carbonaceous

Carbonaceous is the defining attribute of a chemical compound rich in carbon. Particularly, carbonaceous hydrocarbons are very saturation , high-molecular weight hydrocarbons, having an elevated carbon:hydrogen ratio....
 solid derived from oil refinery
Oil refinery

An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas....
 coker unit
Coker unit

A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the Vacuum distillation#Industrial-scale applications or the Continuous distillation#Continuous distillation of crude oil into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy Gas oil, and petroleum coke....
s or other cracking
Cracking (chemistry)

In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic compound molecules such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules by the breaking of carbon-carbon chemical bond in the precursors....
 processes. Other coke
Coke (fuel)

Cokes are the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous....
 has traditionally been derived from coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
.

Marketable coke is coke that is relatively pure carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 and can be sold for use as fuel
Fuel

Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy and to heat or to move an object. Fuel releases its energy either through a chemical reaction means, such as combustion, or nuclear means, such as nuclear fission or nuclear fusion....
 (i.e. fuel grade coke), or for the manufacture of dry cell
Dry cell

A dry cell is a galvanic electrochemical cell with a pasty low-moisture electrolyte. A wet cell, on the other hand, is a cell with a liquid electrolyte, such as the lead-acid batteries in most cars....
s, electrode
Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a Electronic circuit . The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek language words elektron and hodos, a way....
s (ie anode grade coke). Needle coke, also called acicular coke, is a highly crystalline petroleum coke used in the production of electrodes for the steel
Steel

Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.14% by weight , depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten....
 and aluminum industries. Catalyst coke is coke that has deposited on the catalysts used in oil refining, such as those in a fluid catalytic cracker. This coke is impure and is only used for fuel.

Its high heat and low ash
Ash

Ash may refer to:...
 content make it a good fuel for power generation in coal fired boiler
Boiler

A boiler is a closed Pressure vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications....
s, but petroleum coke is high in sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
 and low in volatile
Volatile organic compound

Volatile organic compounds are organic chemical compounds that have high enough vapor pressures under normal conditions to significantly vaporize and enter the atmosphere....
 content which pose some environmental and technical problems with its combustion. In order to meet current North American emissions standards some form of sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
 capture is required. Fluidized bed combustion
Fluidized bed combustion

Fluidized bed combustion is a combustion technology used in power plants. FBC plants are more flexible than conventional plants in that they can be fired on coal and biomass, among other fuels....
 is commonly used to burn petroleum coke. Gasification
Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, petroleum, biofuel, or biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the raw material at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam....
 is increasingly used with this feedstock (often using gasifiers placed in the refineries themselves).

Calcined petroleum coke, CPC
CPC

CPC may be an abbreviation for:In organizations:*Canadian Parachute Centre*Center for Plant Conservation*High Point Schools*Climate Prediction Center...
 is the product from calcining
Calcination

Calcination is a thermal treatment process applied to ores and other solid materials in order to bring about a thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of a volatile fraction....
 petroleum coke. This coke is the product of the coker unit
Coker unit

A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the Vacuum distillation#Industrial-scale applications or the Continuous distillation#Continuous distillation of crude oil into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy Gas oil, and petroleum coke....
 in a crude oil refinery
Oil refinery

An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas....
. The calcined petroleum coke is used to make anode
Anode

An anode is an electrode through which electric charge flows into a polarized electrical device. Mnemonic: ACID . Electrons flow in the opposite direction to the positive electric current....
s for the aluminium
Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white and ductile member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al; its atomic number is 13....
, steel
Steel

Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.14% by weight , depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten....
 and titanium
Titanium

Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Sometimes called the ?space age metal?, it has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver colour....
 smelting industry. The green coke must have sufficiently low metals content in order to be used as anode material. Green coke with this low metals content is referred to as anode grade coke. The green coke with too high metals content will not be calcined and is used for burning. This green coke is called fuel grade coke.

See also

  • Delayed coker
    Delayed coker

    A delayed coker is a type of Coker unit whose process consists of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple parallel passes....
  • Tar
    Tar

    Tar is modified resin produced from the wood and roots of pine by destructive distillation under pyrolysis. It is a viscosity black liquid. Production and trade in tar was a major contributor in the economies of Northern Europe and Colonial America....
  • List of CO2 emitted per million Btu of energy from various fuels
    List of CO2 emitted per million Btu of energy from various fuels

    Pounds of Carbon dioxide emitted per million British thermal units of energy for various fuels:...


External links

  • IUPAC of various forms of solid carbon
    Carbon

    Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
    .