The
Peruvian Navy is the branch of the
PeruPeru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
vian
Armed ForcesThe Peruvian Armed Forces are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army, Navy and Air Force components. Their primary mission is to safeguard the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity against any threat...
tasked with surveillance, patrol and defense on lakes, rivers and the
Pacific OceanThe Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
up to 200
nautical mileThe nautical mile is a unit of length that is about one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian, but is approximately one minute of arc of longitude only at the equator...
s (370 km) from the Peruvian
littoralThe littoral zone is that part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore. In coastal environments the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged. It always includes this intertidal zone and is often used to...
. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting
disaster reliefEmergency management is the generic name of an interdisciplinary field dealing with the strategic organizational management processes used to protect critical assets of an organization from hazard risks that can cause events like disasters or catastrophes and to ensure the continuance of the...
operations and participating in international
peacekeepingPeacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
operations.
The
Marina de Guerra del Perú celebrates on October 8 the anniversary of its creation (1821) and of the
Battle of AngamosThe Battle of Angamos was fought on October 8, 1879, during the naval stage of the War of the Pacific . The Chilean Navy, commanded by Captain Galvarino Riveros and Captain Juan Jose Latorre surrounded and captured the ironclad Huáscar, commanded by Rear Admiral Miguel Grau Seminario, who died in...
(1879).
History
The Marina de Guerra del Perú was established on October 8, 1821 by the government of general
José de San MartínJosé Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the...
. Its first actions were undertaken during the War of Independence (1821–1824) using captured
SpanishSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
warshipA warship is a ship that is built and primarily intended for combat. Warships are usually built in a completely different way from merchant ships. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more maneuvrable than merchant ships...
s. Shortly afterwards it was engaged in the war against the Gran Colombia (1828–1829) during which it conducted a
blockadeA blockade is an effort to cut off food, supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally. A blockade should not be confused with an embargo or sanctions, which are legal barriers to trade, and is distinct from a siege in that a blockade is usually...
against the seaport of
GuayaquilGuayaquil , officially Santiago de Guayaquil , is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador,with about 2.3 million inhabitants in the city and nearly 3.1 million in the metropolitan area, as well as that nation's main port...
and then helped with the occupation of this city by Peruvian forces. It saw further action during the wars of the
Peru-Bolivian ConfederacyThe War of the Confederation , was a conflict between the Peru-Bolivian Confederation on one side and Chile, Peruvian dissidents and Argentina, on the other, fought mostly in the actual territory of Peru and which ended with a Confederate defeat and the dissolution of the...
(1836–1839) and during the
Chincha Islands WarThe Chincha Islands War was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru and Chile from 1864 to 1866, that began with Spain's seizure of the guano-rich Chincha Islands, part of a series of attempts by Isabel II of Spain to reassert her country's lost...
with
SpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
(1866). The breakout of the
War of the PacificThe War of the Pacific took place in western South America from 1879 through 1883. Chile fought against Bolivia and Peru. Despite cooperation among the three nations in the war against Spain, disputes soon arose over the mineral-rich Peruvian provinces of Tarapaca, Tacna, and Arica, and the...
(1879–1883) caught the Peruvian Navy unprepared and with inferior forces in comparison with the
Chilean Navy-Independence Wars of Chile and Peru :The Chilean Navy dates back to 1817. A year before, following the Battle of Chacabuco, General Bernardo O'Higgins prophetically declared "this victory and another hundred shall be of no significance if we do not gain control of the sea".This led to the...
. Even so,
hit-and-run tacticsHit-and-run tactics is a tactical doctrine where the purpose of the combat involved is not to seize control of territory, but to inflict damage on a target and immediately exit the area to avoid the enemy's defense and/or retaliation.-History:...
carried out by Peruvian
AdmiralAdmiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"...
Miguel GrauMiguel María Grau Seminario was a renowned Peruvian naval officer and hero of the Naval Battle of Angamos during the War of the Pacific . He was known as the el Caballero de los Mares for his chivalry and is esteemed by both Peruvians and Chileans...
,
commanderCommander is a naval rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the armed forces, particularly in police and law enforcement.-Commander as a naval...
of the ironclad
HuáscarHuáscar is a 19th century small armoured turret ship of a type similar to a monitor. She was built in Britain for Peru and played a significant role in the battle of Pacocha and the War of the Pacific against Chile before being captured and commissioned with the Chilean Navy. Today she is one of...
, delayed the Chilean advance by six months until his death and defeat at the
Battle of AngamosThe Battle of Angamos was fought on October 8, 1879, during the naval stage of the War of the Pacific . The Chilean Navy, commanded by Captain Galvarino Riveros and Captain Juan Jose Latorre surrounded and captured the ironclad Huáscar, commanded by Rear Admiral Miguel Grau Seminario, who died in...
.
After the war, the Peruvian Navy had to be rebuilt from the ground up. In 1900 the force amounted to only one
cruiserA cruiser is a type of warship. The term has been in use for several hundreds of years, and has had different meanings throughout this period...
of 1,700 tons
displacementA ship's displacement is its weight at any given time, generally expressed in metric tons or long tons. The term is often used to mean the ship's weight when it is loaded to its maximum capacity. A number of synonymous terms exist for this maximum weight, such as loaded displacement, full load...
, a screw-driven
steamerA steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels...
, and ten smaller ships - the latter described by a contemporary British publication as "of no real value". The lengthy process of expansion and rebuilding started in 1907 with the acquisition in the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
of the
protected cruiserThe protected cruiser is a type of naval cruiser of the late 19th century, so known because its armoured deck offered protection for vital machine spaces from shrapnel caused by exploding shells above...
s Almirante Grau
and Coronel Bolognesi
, followed by the arrival of two submarines, Ferré
and Palacios, from
FranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
in 1911. During the Presidency of Augusto B. Leguía (1919–1930) a Navy
MinistryA ministry is a specialised organisation responsible for a sector of government public administration, sometimes led by a minister or a senior public servant, that can have responsibility for one or more departments, agencies, bureaus, commissions or other smaller executive, advisory, managerial or...
was established as well as a
Navy Aviation CorpsNaval aviation is the application of manned military air power by navies, including ships that embark fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters. In contrast, maritime aviation is the operation of aircraft in a maritime role under the command of non-naval forces such as the former RAF Coastal Command or a...
, both in 1920. Border conflicts with
ColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
in 1911 and 1932 and a
warThe Ecuadorian–Peruvian War was a border war fought between July 5, 1941 and July 31, 1941, the first of three military conflicts that occurred between these two South American nations during the 20th century....
with
EcuadorEcuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
in 1941 saw Peruvian warships involved in some skirmishes in support of the
ArmyThe Peruvian Army is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations...
. The
attack on Pearl HarborThe attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941...
brought
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
to the Pacific and even though Peru did not declare war on the
AxisThe Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
until 1945, its Navy was involved in patrol missions against possible threats by the
Imperial Japanese NavyThe Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japan's constitutional renunciation of the use of force as a means of settling international disputes...
from early 1942 up to mid-1945.
During the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s the Peruvian Navy carried out a major buildup programme which allowed it to take advantage over its traditional rival, the Chilean Navy. This proved to be temporary because the economic crisis of the second half of the 1980s forced the
decommissioningTo decommission a ship is to terminate her career in service in the armed forces of her nation. A somber occasion, it has little of the elaborate ceremony of ship commissioning, but carries significant tradition....
of several warships and resulted in a general lack of funds for maintenance. The economic upturn of the 1990s and 2000s has permitted some improvement although at a reduced force level compared to the early 1980s.
Organization
The current
Commander-in-ChiefA commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
of the Peruvian Navy is
AdmiralAdmiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"...
Jorge De La Puente Ribeyro. Naval Forces are subordinated to the
Ministry of DefenseThe Ministry of Defence of Peru is the agency of the Peruvian government responsible for safeguarding of national security on land, sea and air. For such purpose it exercises command over the Peruvian Armed Forces composed of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.-History:The Ministry of Defense of...
and ultimately to the
President as Commander-in-Chief of the Peruvian Armed Forces. They are organized as follows:
- Comandancia General de la Marina (Navy General Command
A command in military terminology is an organisational unit that the individual in Military command has responsibility for. A Commander will normally be specifically appointed into the role in order to provide a legal framework for the authority bestowed...
)
Estado Mayor General de la Marina (Navy General StaffA military staff, often referred to as General Staff, Army Staff, Navy Staff or Air Staff within the individual services, is a group of officers and enlisted personnel that provides a bi-directional flow of information between a commanding officer and subordinate military units...
)
- Inspectoría General de la Marina (Navy General Inspectorate
An Inspector General is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is Inspectors General.-Bangladesh:...
)
Operational units are divided between three commands:
Comandancia General de Operaciones del Pacífico
Pacific Operations General Command, it comprises the following units:
Fuerza de Superficie
(Surface Force)
Fuerza de Submarinos
(Submarine Force)
Fuerza de Aviación Naval
(Naval aviation Force)
Fuerza de Infantería de Marina
(Naval Infantry Force)
Fuerza de Operaciones Especiales
(Special Operations Force)
Comandancia General de Operaciones de la Amazonía
Amazon Operations General Command, tasked with river patrolling in the Peruvian portion of the Amazon BasinThe Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries that drains an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of South America. The basin is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
.
Dirección General de Capitanías y Guardacostas
Coast GuardA coast guard or coastguard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea. However the term implies widely different responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with...
, tasked with law enforcement on Peruvian territorial watersTerritorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most from the baseline of a coastal state...
, rivers and lakes.
Bases
- Ancón
Ancón is a district of northern Lima Province in Peru. It is a popular beach resort, visited every summer by hundreds of people from Lima.Officially established as a district on October 29, 1874, the current mayor of Ancón is Jaime Jesús Pajuelo Torres. The district's postal code is...
- Naval Infantry headquartersHeadquarters denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility managing all business activities...
and base
- Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
- Main naval base, dockyard and naval aviation base
- Chimbote
Chimbote is the largest city in the Ancash Region of Peru, and the capital of both Santa Province and Chimbote District.The city is located on the coast in Chimbote Bay, south of Trujillo and north of Lima on the North Pan-American highway. It is the start of a chain of important cities like...
- Minor base and dockyard
- Iquitos
Iquitos is the largest city in the Peruvian rainforest, with a population of 370,962. It is the capital of Loreto Region and Maynas Province.Located on the Amazon River, it is only above sea level, although it is more than from the mouth of the Amazon at Belém on the Atlantic Ocean...
- On the Amazon river
- Paita
Paita is a city in northwestern Peru. It is the capital of the Paita Province which is in the Piura Region. It is a leading seaport in that region...
- Minor base
- Pisco
Pisco is a city located in the Ica Region of Peru, the capital of the Pisco Province. The city is around 9 metres above sea level. Originally the villa of Pisco was founded in 1640, close to the indigenous emplacement of the same name...
- Minor base
- Puno
Puno is a city in southeastern Peru, located on the shore of Lake Titicaca. It is the capital city of the Puno Region and the Puno Province with a population of approximately 100,000. The city was established in 1668 by viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro as capital of the province of...
- On Lake Titicaca
- San Juan de Marcona
San Juan de Marcona is the capital of the Marcona District of Nazca Province, Ica Region, Peru. It is a mining, commercial, port, and fishing town, with a population of approximately 20,000 inhabitants.-Pacific Ocean terminal of the Interoceanic Highway:...
- Naval aviation base
Although most of the fleet is based at Callao, this is not considered an ideal location because it is also the main outlet for Peruvian trade, causing space and security problems. During the 1980s the building of a new naval base at Chimbote was considered but high costs and a bad economic situation made the project unfeasible.
Personnel
| Personnel (as of 2001) |
| Commissioned Officers An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority. Commissioned officers derive authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, hold a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position...
|
2,107 |
| Non-commissioned officer A non-commissioned officer , called a sub-officer in some countries, is a military officer who has not been given a commission...
s |
16,863 |
CadetsOfficer cadet is a rank held by military and merchant navy cadets during their training to become commissioned officers and merchant navy officers, respectively. The term officer trainee is used interchangeably in some countries...
|
620 |
| NCO in training A non-commissioned officer , called a sub-officer in some countries, is a military officer who has not been given a commission...
|
1,533 |
| Enlisted An enlisted rank is, in most Militaries, any rank below a commissioned officer or warrant officer. The term can also be inclusive of non-commissioned officers...
|
4,855 |
| Civilians |
5,079 |
| Total |
25,988 (excl. civilians) |
Ranks
Current ships
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Vessel
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Class
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Guided missile cruiser (1 in service)
|-
|
|
|
| De Zeven Provinciën class
|
| ex-
Flagship of the Peruvian Navy
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Submarines (6 in service)
|-
|
|
| Type 209/1200The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
| Angamos class
|
| ex-BAP Casma
|-
|
|
| Type 209/1200The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
| Angamos class
|
|
|-
|
|
| Type 209/1200The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
| Angamos class
|
|
|-
|
|
| Type 209/1200The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
| Angamos class
|
| ex-BAP Blume
|-
|
|
| Type 209/1100The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
| Islay class
|
| locally upgraded in 2008
|-
|
|
| Type 209/1100The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
| Islay class
|
| locally upgraded in 2008
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Guided missile frigates (7 in service, 1 being upgraded)
|-
|
|
|
| Carvajal class
|
|
|-
|
|
|
| Carvajal class
|
|
|-
|
|
|
| Carvajal class
|
|
|-
|
|
|
| Carvajal class
|
|
|-
|
|
|
| Aguirre class
|
| ex-Orsa (F-567)
|-
|
|
|
| Aguirre class
|
| ex-Lupo (F-564)
|-
|
|
|
| Aguirre class
|
| ex-Perseo (F-566) currently being overhauled and upgraded in SIMA Callao shipyard, including locally-made CMS and ESM systems, a Kronos NV 3D radar, MASS countermeasure system and 4 MM40 Block III Exocet missiles replacing Otomat.
|-
|
|
|
| Aguirre class
|
| ex-Sagittario (F-565)
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Guided missile corvettes (6 in service)
|-
| BAP Velarde (CM-21)
|
|
| Velarde class
|
|
|-
| BAP Santillana (CM-22)
|
|
| Velarde class
|
|
|-
| BAP De los Heros (CM-23)
|
|
| Velarde class
|
|
|-
| BAP Herrera (CM-24)
|
|
| Velarde class
|
|
|-
| BAP Larrea (CM-25)
|
|
| Velarde class
|
|
|-
| BAP Sánchez Carrión (CM-26)
|
|
| Velarde class
|
|
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Amphibious (4 in service)
|-
|
|
| Tank landing ship
| Terrebonne Parish class
|
| ex-
|-
|
|
| Tank landing ship
| Terrebonne Parish class
|
| ex-
|-
|
|
| Tank landing ship
| Terrebonne Parish class
|
| ex-
|-
|
|
| Tank landing ship
| Terrebonne Parish class
|
| ex-
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|River gunboats vessels (5 in service, 1 in construction)
|-
| BAP Loreto (CF-11)
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| Loreto class
|
|
|-
| BAP Amazonas (CF-12)
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| Loreto class
|
|
|-
| BAP Marañón (CF-13)
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| Marañón class
|
|
|-
| BAP Ucayali (CF-14)
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| Marañón class
|
|
|-
| BAP Clavero (CF-15)
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| Clavero class
|
| severely damaged by an uncontrolled fire in her first operational deployment on May 25, 2010; leaving two crewmen badly injured.
|-
| BAP Putumayo (CF-16)
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| Clavero class
|
| laid down on April 9, 2010
under construction in the SIMA Iquitos shipyard.
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Auxiliaries (11 in service, 2 in construction)
|-
| BAP Unión (ABE-161)
|
| Transport shipA troopship is a ship used to carry soldiers, either in peacetime or wartime...
| Mollendo class
|
| ex-BAP Mollendo (ATC-131). Used as training ship
|-
| BAP Marte (ALY-313)
|
| Sailing yacht
| Marte class
|
| used as training ship
|-
| BAP Unanue (AMB-160)
|
| Diving support ship
| Sotoyomo class
|
| ex-
|-
| BAP San Lorenzo (ART-323)
|
| Torpedo recovery vessel
| San Lorenzo class
|
|
|-
| BAP Caloyeras (ACA-111)
|
| Water harbour tanker
| YW type
|
| ex-US YW-128
|-
| BAP Noguera (ACP-118)
|
| Oil harbour tanker
| YO type
|
| ex-US YO-221
|-
| BAP Gauden (ACP-119)
|
| Oil harbour tanker
| YO type
|
| ex-US YO-171
|-
| BAP Guardian Rios (ARB-123)
|
| Offshore tugboat
| Cherokee class
|
| ex-
|-
| BAP Dueñas (ARB-126)
|
| Harbour tugboat
| YTB
|
|
|-
| BAP Selendón
|
| Harbour tugboat
| 20 TBP class tug
|
| Currently under construction in SIMA Callao shipyard.
|-
| BAP Medina
|
| Harbour tugboat
| 20 TBP class tug
|
| Currently under construction in SIMA Callao shipyard.
|-
| BAP Bayovar (ATP-154)
|
| Oil tankerAn oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries...
| Grigoriy Nesterenko type
|
| ex-Petr Schmidt
|-
| BAP Zorritos (ATP-155)
|
| Oil tankerAn oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries...
| Grigoriy Nesterenko type
|
| ex-Grigoriy Nesterenko
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Hospital vessels (5 in service)
|-
| BAP Morona (ABH-302)
|
| River hospital ship
| Morona class
|
|
|-
| BAP Corrientes (ABH-303)
|
| Small river hospital craft
| -
|
|
|-
| BAP Curaray (ABH-304)
|
| Small river hospital craft
| -
|
|
|-
| BAP Pastaza (ABH-305)
|
| Small river hospital craft
| -
|
|
|-
|
|
| Lake hospital ship
| Yavarí class
|
| ex-Yapura
operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard-Equipment:Currently the Peruvian Coast Guard is composed by seven coastal patrol ships, sixteen port patrol boats, and speedboats for bay control, river patrol boats, river speedboats, lake patrol boats, lake speedboats and motorboats for river interdiction, one Fokker F-27 aircraft, a Twin Otter...
|-
!colspan=6 bgcolor="#f9f9f9"|Scientific research vessels (6 in service)
|-
| BIC HumboldtB.I.C. Humboldt is a Peruvian oceanographic research vessel, with polar capacity, built in 1978, by SIMA shipyard in Callao, Peru, in cooperation with the German Government. The ship has a capacity of 100 people, including crew and scientific staff. The vessel has visited Antarctica on several...
|
| Oceanographic research ship
| Humboltd class
|
| Currently being overhauled in the SIMA Callao shipyard since February 19, 2011, the works include new propulsion and auxiliary engines, and a major upgrade on the ship's scientific equipment.
|-
| BAP Carrasco (AH-171)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| Dokkum class
|
| ex-HNLMS Abcoude minesweeper
|-
| BAP Stiglich (AH-172)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| Morona class
|
|
|-
| BAP La Macha (AEH-174)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| -
|
|
|-
| BAP Carrillo (AH-175)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| van Straelen class
|
| ex-HNLMS van Hamel minesweeper
|-
| BAP Melo (AH-176)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| van Straelen class
|
| ex-HNLMS van der Wel minesweeper
|-
|}
Museum Ships
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Vessel
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Class
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Decommissioned
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-
|
|
| River gunboatA river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns. If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore...
| América class
|
| currently being restored at SIMA Iquitos shipyard
|-
|
|
| Sierra-type submarine
| Abtao class
| 1998
| become a museum ship in 2004
|-
|}
Recently Decommissioned Ships
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Vessel
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Class
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Decommissioned
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-
|
|
| Destroyer
| Daring classThe Daring class was a class of eleven destroyers built for the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy . Constructed after World War II, and entering service during the 1950s, eight ships were constructed for the RN, and three ships for the RAN. Two of the RN destroyers were subsequently sold to and...
| July 13, 2007
| ex-
|-
| BAP Talara
(ATP-152)
|
| Replenishment tanker
| Talara
class
| August 12, 2008
| capable of underway replenishment at sea from the stern
|-
| BAP Lobitos
(ATP-153)
|
| Oil tankerAn oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries...
| Sealift Pacific
class
| July 20, 2008
| ex-USNS Sealift Caribbean (T-AOT-174)
|-
|}
Naval Aviation
The Naval Aviation Force (: Fuerza de Aviación Naval,
AVINAV) is the air branch of the Peruvian Navy, its roles include anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, maritime surveillance, reconnaissance and transport of marine personnel. It is also responsible for airborne operations of the Peruvian Marines.
Naval infantry
Naval Infantry Brigade
- 1st Naval Infantry Battalion
A battalion is a military unit of around 300–1,200 soldiers usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by either a Lieutenant Colonel or a Colonel...
- Ancón
- 2nd Naval Infantry Battalion - Ancón
- Amphibious
Amphibious warfare is the use of naval firepower, logistics and strategy to project military power ashore. In previous eras it stood as the primary method of delivering troops to non-contiguous enemy-held terrain...
Support Group
- Fire support
Fire support is long-range firepower provided to a front-line military unit. Typically, fire support is provided by artillery or close air support , and is used to shape the battlefield or, more optimistically, define the battle...
Group
- Commando
In English, the term commando means a specific kind of individual soldier or military unit. In contemporary usage, commando usually means elite light infantry and/or special operations forces units, specializing in amphibious landings, parachuting, rappelling and similar techniques, to conduct and...
Grouping
- Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
s Unit
Other units
- 3rd Naval Infantry Battalion - Tumbes
- 4th Naval Infantry Battalion - Puno
- 1st Jungle
A Jungle is an area of land in the tropics overgrown with dense vegetation.The word jungle originates from the Sanskrit word jangala which referred to uncultivated land. Although the Sanskrit word refers to "dry land", it has been suggested that an Anglo-Indian interpretation led to its...
Naval Infantry Battalion - Iquitos
- 2nd Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion - Pucallpa
Pucallpa is a city in eastern Peru located on the banks of the Ucayali River, a major tributary of the Amazon River. It is the capital of the Ucayali region, the Coronel Portillo Province and the Calleria District....
- Naval Infantry Detachment
A detachment is a military unit. It can either be detached from a larger unit for a specific function or be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion. The term is often used to refer to a unit that is assigned to a different base from the parent unit...
Litoral Sur - MollendoMollendo is a town bordering the Pacific Ocean in southern Peru. It is located in the Arequipa Region and is the capital of both the Islay Province and the Mollendo District...
Equipment
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Name
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Version
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Used by
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" |
Naval artilleryNaval artillery, or naval riflery, is artillery mounted on a warship for use in naval warfare. Naval artillery has historically been used to engage either other ships, or targets on land; in the latter role it is currently termed naval gunfire fire support...
|-----
|
Bofors 152 mm gunThe Bofors 152 mm gun is a naval gun. It was initially used aboard light cruisers and cruisers including the Swedish Tre Kronor class and the Dutch De Zeven Provincien class, after World War II...
|| || dual-purpose naval gun || 152/53 model 1942 ||
De Zeven Provinciën class cruiserThe De Zeven Provinciën-class is a class of light cruisers. They were built by Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij and Wilton-Fijenoord for the Royal Netherlands Navy...
||
|-----
|
Oto Melara 127/54 Compact GunThe Otobreda 127mm/54 Compact gun is a naval artillery piece built by the Italian company Oto Melara. The gun is completely new but uses the same semi fixed ammunition as the American 5 inch/ 54 gun. It was introduced into service in 1968. A new advanced lightweight mounting for corvettes has been...
|| || dual-purpose naval gun || 127/54 Compact ||
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
||
|-----
|
Oto Melara 76/62 Compact GunThe Otobreda 76 mm gun is a naval artillery piece built by the Italian defence conglomerate Otobreda. It is based on the Oto Melara 76mm/L62 Allargato, which was bigger and heavier...
|| || dual-purpose naval gun || 76/62 Compact ||
PR-72P class corvettePR-72P class corvettes are French-designed warships in service with the Peruvian Navy. Six units were ordered in 1976 by the Peruvian Navy from the Société Française de Construction Navale . Subsequently, three of them were built by the company's own Villeneuve-de-Garonne shipyard, and the rest...
||
|-----
|
Oto MelaraOto Melara is an Italian defence company with factories in Brescia and La Spezia. It was founded in 1905 as a joint venture of Vickers and Terni. During World War I, Vickers Terni produced many weapons with calibre 40 mm and upwards. In 1929 the company was renamed Odero Terni Orlando with the...
Twin 40 Compact Gun || ||
Close-in weapon system (CIWS)A close-in weapon system , often pronounced sea-whiz, is a naval shipboard point-defense weapon for detecting and destroying at short range incoming anti-ship missiles and enemy aircraft which have penetrated the outer defenses....
|| Twin 40L70 ||
De Zeven Provinciën class cruiserThe De Zeven Provinciën-class is a class of light cruisers. They were built by Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij and Wilton-Fijenoord for the Royal Netherlands Navy...
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
PR-72P class corvettePR-72P class corvettes are French-designed warships in service with the Peruvian Navy. Six units were ordered in 1976 by the Peruvian Navy from the Société Française de Construction Navale . Subsequently, three of them were built by the company's own Villeneuve-de-Garonne shipyard, and the rest...
||
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" |
Anti-ship missiles
|-----
|
MBDA OtomatThe Otomat/Teseo is an Italian-built, anti-ship and coastal attack missile first built by the Italian company Oto Melara jointly with Matra and now made by MBDA....
|| ||
anti-ship missile (AShM)Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
|| Otomat II Block 3 ||
De Zeven Provinciën class cruiserThe De Zeven Provinciën-class is a class of light cruisers. They were built by Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij and Wilton-Fijenoord for the Royal Netherlands Navy...
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
|| on December 8, 2008 an updated Otomat II Block 3 missile successfully launched from the BAP
Aguirre, hit a target at a range in excess of 150 kilometers.
|-----
|
MBDA ExocetThe Exocet is a French-built anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels, submarines, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Hundreds were fired in combat during the 1980s.-Etymology:...
|| ||
anti-ship missile (AShM)Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
|| MM40 Block 3 ||
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
|| four fire control systems and sixteen missiles ordered on December 15, 2010. Scheduled to be installed in the 4
Aguirre class frigates.
|-----
|
MBDA ExocetThe Exocet is a French-built anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels, submarines, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Hundreds were fired in combat during the 1980s.-Etymology:...
|| ||
anti-ship missile (AShM)Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
|| MM38 ||
PR-72P class corvettePR-72P class corvettes are French-designed warships in service with the Peruvian Navy. Six units were ordered in 1976 by the Peruvian Navy from the Société Française de Construction Navale . Subsequently, three of them were built by the company's own Villeneuve-de-Garonne shipyard, and the rest...
||
|-----
|
MBDA ExocetThe Exocet is a French-built anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels, submarines, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Hundreds were fired in combat during the 1980s.-Etymology:...
|| ||
anti-ship missile (AShM)Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming type, many use a combination of inertial guidance and radar homing...
|| AM39 Block 1 || ASH-3D Sea King || currently not embarked in any surface unit of the Peruvian Navy
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" |
Surface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
|-----
|
MBDA AspideThe Aspide is an Italian medium range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile produced by Selenia . It is provided with semi-active radar-homing seeker...
|| ||
surface-to-air missile (SAM)A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
|| Aspide 1A ||
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
||
|-----
| 9K38 Igla || || MANPADS || 9K310 Igla-1 ||
PR-72P class corvettePR-72P class corvettes are French-designed warships in service with the Peruvian Navy. Six units were ordered in 1976 by the Peruvian Navy from the Société Française de Construction Navale . Subsequently, three of them were built by the company's own Villeneuve-de-Garonne shipyard, and the rest...
Peruvian Naval InfantryThe 3,000 personnel Peruvian Naval Infantry includes an amphibious brigade of three battalions and local security units with two transport ships , four tank landing ships, and about forty Portuguese Chaimite armored personnel carriers.Since 1982 IMAP detachments have been deployed, under Peruvian...
|| used in MGP-86 mount for close air defence
to be replaced with the FN-6 missile system
|-----
|
FN-6FN-6 , also known as the HY-6, is a third generation passive infrared man portable air defence system. It was developed by China, and is their most advanced surface-to-air missile offered in the international market. Specially designed to engage low flying targets, it has a range of 6 km and...
|| || MANPADS || FN-6 ||
Peruvian Naval InfantryThe 3,000 personnel Peruvian Naval Infantry includes an amphibious brigade of three battalions and local security units with two transport ships , four tank landing ships, and about forty Portuguese Chaimite armored personnel carriers.Since 1982 IMAP detachments have been deployed, under Peruvian...
|| a small batch acquired in July, 2009 for US$ 1.1 million
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" |
Torpedoes
|-----
| Atlas Elektronik SUT || || 533 mm heavyweight torpedo || SUT 264 ||
Type 209 submarineThe Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
||
|-----
| Atlas Elektronik SST || || 533 mm heavyweight torpedo || SST-4 mod 0 ||
Type 209 submarineThe Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany...
||
|-----
|
Mark 44 torpedoThe Mark 44 torpedo is an obsolete air-launched and ship-launched lightweight torpedo manufactured in the U.S., and under licence in Canada, France, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom with 10,500 being produced for U.S. service. It was superseded by the Mark 46 torpedo...
|| || 324 mm lightweight torpedo || Mk 44 mod 1 ||
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
AB-212ASW ASH-3D ||
|-----
|
Alenia-Whitehead A244/SThe A244-s is a lightweight, fire-and-forget torpedo employed for anti-submarine warfare. They can be deployed from the surface or by aircraft, and locate the target by means of an acoustic seeker...
|| || 324 mm lightweight torpedo || A244/S ||
Lupo class frigateThe Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare , they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela...
AB-212ASW ASH-3D ||
|}
Peacekeeping operations
The Peruvian Navy has been actively involved in several
United Nations Peacekeeping OperationsPeacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
. As of June 2006 Naval Infantry and Special Operations troops have been deployed to
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus was established in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots and to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions...
(embedded in the
ArgentineThe Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, in Spanish Fuerzas Armadas de la República Argentina, are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief and a civilian Minister of Defense...
forces
http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unficyp/facts.html ) and
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)The United Nations Stabilisation Mission In Haiti , also known as MINUSTAH, an acronym of the French translation, is a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti that has been in operation since 2004. The mission's military component is led by the Brazilian Army and the force commander is...
. Peruvian naval officers have also been deployed to United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI),
United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)The United Nations Mission in the Sudan was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005 in Nairobi,...
as
United Nations Militar Observers (UNMOs)A United Nations Military Observer is an observer for the UN. They have been described as, "the eyes and ears of the security council." Several Observer missions have been executed...
.
Future plans
According to current plans,in the near future the fleet is expected to be composed of 8 frigates, 6 corvettes, 6 submarines and two replenishment oilers. They will be supported by 3 maritime patrol aircraft and 8 antisubmarine warfare helicopters.
The
Almirante Grau is currently the only operating
gunNaval artillery, or naval riflery, is artillery mounted on a warship for use in naval warfare. Naval artillery has historically been used to engage either other ships, or targets on land; in the latter role it is currently termed naval gunfire fire support...
cruiser in any navy, and Peru is one of only three nations to operate any cruisers at all, along with the United States and Russia.
Sources
- Baker III, Arthur D., The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 2002-2003.
Naval Institute Press, 2002.
- Basadre, Jorge, Historia de la República del Perú. Editorial Universitaria, 1983.
- "La base de Chimbote", Caretas, 855: 31 (June 17, 1985).
- Marchessini, Alejo, "La Comandancia de Operaciones del Pacifico".
Defensa 315/316: 68-69 (July / August 2004).
- Marchessini, Alejo, "El proceso de Reforma Militar".
Defensa 318: 24-29 (October 2004).
- Marchessini, Alejo, "Las patrulleras de los Guardacostas".
Defensa 342: 48-50 (October 2006).
- Marchessini, Alejo & Javier Taibo, "La Marina de Guerra del Perú".
Defensa 267/268: 36-59 (July / August 2000).
- Ortiz Sotelo, Jorge, Apuntes para la historia de los submarinos peruanos. Biblioteca Nacional, 2001.
- Rial, Juan, Los militares tras el fin del régimen de Fujimori-Montesinos.
http://www.resdal.org/art-rial.htm
See also
- Battle of Angamos
- Battle of Iquique
The Battle of Iquique was a confrontation that occurred on May 21, 1879, during the naval stage of the War of the Pacific, a conflict between Chile and Peru and Bolivia. The battle took place off the, by then, Peruvian port of Iquique...
- Battle of Pacocha
The naval Incident of Pacocha took place on 6 May 1877 when Nicolás de Piérola was leading a revolution to overthrow then Peruvian President Mariano Ignacio Prado. Piérola used the Peruvian monitor Huáscar as a raiding ship. She practiced sabotage primarily against the government forces of Peru...
- Ironclad Huáscar
Huáscar is a 19th century small armoured turret ship of a type similar to a monitor. She was built in Britain for Peru and played a significant role in the battle of Pacocha and the War of the Pacific against Chile before being captured and commissioned with the Chilean Navy. Today she is one of...
- Miguel Grau
Miguel María Grau Seminario was a renowned Peruvian naval officer and hero of the Naval Battle of Angamos during the War of the Pacific . He was known as the el Caballero de los Mares for his chivalry and is esteemed by both Peruvians and Chileans...
- SIFOREX
SIFOREX, Silent Force Exercise, is an advanced anti-submarine warfare bilateral exercise hosted and administered by the Peruvian Navy with participation of the United States Navy...
- War of the Pacific
The War of the Pacific took place in western South America from 1879 through 1883. Chile fought against Bolivia and Peru. Despite cooperation among the three nations in the war against Spain, disputes soon arose over the mineral-rich Peruvian provinces of Tarapaca, Tacna, and Arica, and the...
External links