Pernod Ricard
Encyclopedia
Pernod Ricard is a French
company that produces distilled beverage
s. The company's eponymous
products, Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis, are both anise
-flavoured liqueur
s and are often referred to simply as Pernod or Ricard. The company also produces several other types of pastis
.
After the banning of absinthe
, Pernod Ricard was created from the Pernod Fils
company, which had produced absinthe. It is now a worldwide conglomerate
.
Pernod Ricard owns the distilled beverage division of the former corporation Seagram
, along with many other holdings. In 2005, the company acquired a British-based competitor, Allied Domecq
plc.
In 2008, Pernod Ricard announced its acquisition of Swedish-based V&S Group
, which produces Absolut Vodka
.
As of 26 July 2005, the brand portfolio expanded to include former Allied Domecq products:
Lincolnshire, Illinois
-based Fortune Brands
acquired a number of former Allied Domecq brands from Pernod Ricard following Pernod Ricard's acquisition of Allied Domecq. These include:
Fortune Brands' agreement with Pernod Ricard also included the purchase of the Maker's Mark
bourbon brand, which remained subject to regulatory clearance in the United States. While the U.S. Federal Trade Commission
conducted its review, Maker's Mark was owned and managed by Pernod Ricard and Pernod Ricard received the earnings from the brand. Fortune Brands was compensated with interest payments upon transfer of the brand.
Yoo-hoo
chocolate beverage (notably non-alcoholic) was sold to Pernod Ricard in 1989, and in 2001 Pernod Ricard sold it to Cadbury Schweppes
.
in France, financing bullfighting clubs and sponsoring corrida
s despite the opposition of a majority of French citizens to blood sports..
brand was lost to its founders, the Arechabala family, due to the 1959 Cuban Revolution and an ongoing legal battle opposes the claimed trademark owners in the US to the joint-venture between Pernod Ricard and the Cuban State-owned company Corporación Cuba Ron. The Havana Club trademark remains unchallenged elsewhere in the world, having been validated by court decisions in a number of other countries than the US..
beverages produced by Pernod Ricard will become cloudy when diluted because they are aniseed
-based. These beverages contain oils called terpenes
, which are soluble
in an aqueous solution
that contains 30% ethanol
or more by volume
. When the solution is diluted to below 30% ethanol, the terpenes
become insoluble
; this causes a cloudy precipitate
to form in the solution. The same chemistry causes absinthe
to go cloudy when diluted.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
company that produces distilled beverage
Distilled beverage
A distilled beverage, liquor, or spirit is an alcoholic beverage containing ethanol that is produced by distilling ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit, or vegetables...
s. The company's eponymous
Eponym
An eponym is the name of a person or thing, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named...
products, Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis, are both anise
Anise
Anise , Pimpinella anisum, also called aniseed, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. Its flavor resembles that of liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.- Biology :...
-flavoured liqueur
Liqueur
A liqueur is an alcoholic beverage that has been flavored with fruit, herbs, nuts, spices, flowers, or cream and bottled with added sugar. Liqueurs are typically quite sweet; they are usually not aged for long but may have resting periods during their production to allow flavors to marry.The...
s and are often referred to simply as Pernod or Ricard. The company also produces several other types of pastis
Pastis
Pastis is an anise-flavored liqueur and apéritif from France, typically containing 40–45% alcohol by volume, although alcohol-free varieties exist.-Origins:...
.
After the banning of absinthe
Absinthe
Absinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage. It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from herbs, including the flowers and leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium, commonly referred to as "grande wormwood", together with green anise and sweet fennel...
, Pernod Ricard was created from the Pernod Fils
Pernod Fils
Pernod Fils was the most popular brand of absinthe throughout the 19th century until it was banned in 1915. During the Belle Époque, the Pernod Fils name became synonymous with absinthe, and the brand represented the de facto standard of quality by which all others were judged.-Origins:The brand's...
company, which had produced absinthe. It is now a worldwide conglomerate
Conglomerate (company)
A conglomerate is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses that fall under one corporate structure , usually involving a parent company and several subsidiaries. Often, a conglomerate is a multi-industry company...
.
Pernod Ricard owns the distilled beverage division of the former corporation Seagram
Seagram
The Seagram Company Ltd. was a large corporation headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada that was the largest distiller of alcoholic beverages in the world. Toward the end of its independent existence it also controlled various entertainment and other business ventures...
, along with many other holdings. In 2005, the company acquired a British-based competitor, Allied Domecq
Allied Domecq
Allied Domecq PLC was an international company, headquartered in Bristol, UK that operated spirits, wine, and quick service restaurant businesses. It was once a FTSE 100 Index constituent but has been acquired by Pernod Ricard.-History:...
plc.
In 2008, Pernod Ricard announced its acquisition of Swedish-based V&S Group
V&S Group
V&S Group , founded in 1917, is an international producer and distributor of alcoholic beverages. The group is currently owned by Pernod Ricard...
, which produces Absolut Vodka
Absolut Vodka
Absolut Vodka is a brand of vodka, produced near Åhus, Skåne, in southern Sweden. Since July 2008 the company has been owned by the French firm Pernod Ricard who bought V&S Group from the Swedish government....
.
Pernod
- 1797 - Henri-Louis Pernod opened his first absinthe distillery in Switzerland.
- 1805 – Maison Pernod Fils (simply known as Pernod Fils) was founded in PontarlierPontarlierPontarlier is a commune and one of the two sub-prefectures of the Doubs department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France.-History:...
, Franche-ComtéFranche-ComtéFranche-Comté the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France...
in eastern France by Henri-Louis Pernod, a French distillerDistillationDistillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction....
of Francophone SwissSwitzerlandSwitzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
origin, and started the production of the aniseAniseAnise , Pimpinella anisum, also called aniseed, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. Its flavor resembles that of liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.- Biology :...
-flavored liquor known as absintheAbsintheAbsinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage. It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from herbs, including the flowers and leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium, commonly referred to as "grande wormwood", together with green anise and sweet fennel...
. - 1850 - Henri-Louis Pernod died.
- 1871 – Distillerie Hémard was founded near ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. - 1872 – Société Pernod Père & Fils opened in AvignonAvignonAvignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
. - 1915 – Production and consumption of absinthe was prohibited in France. Most companies looked for alternatives and begin producing pastis instead.
- 1926 – All 3 distilleries merged to form Les Établissements Pernod.
- 1951 – Pastis 51, was launched.
- 1965 – Takeover of Distillerie Rousseau, Laurens et Moureaux, producer of the SuzeSuze (drink)Suze is a French brand of bitters flavoured with the roots of the plant gentian, normally drunk as an apéritif.-History:Suze was invented in Paris by Fernand Moureaux in 1885, but was not put on the market until 1889. It is still in production, now under the ownership of the Pernod group, although...
liquor since 1889.
Ricard
- 1932 – Ricard, which soon became France's favourite long drinkLong drinkA long drink or tall drink is an alcoholic mixed drink with a relatively large volume . In Finland, the term refers to a type of premixed, ready to drink alcoholic beverage....
, was founded in MarseilleMarseilleMarseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...
by Paul RicardPaul RicardPaul Ricard was a French entrepreneur and founder of the eponymous company, which merged in 1975 with its competitor Pernod to become Pernod Ricard....
. - 1940 – Production of pastis was prohibited by the VichyVichy FranceVichy France, Vichy Regime, or Vichy Government, are common terms used to describe the government of France that collaborated with the Axis powers from July 1940 to August 1944. This government succeeded the Third Republic and preceded the Provisional Government of the French Republic...
regime. - 1944 – Production of pastis became legal again.
- 1968 – Paul Ricard retired; his son Patrick became CEO in 1978.
Pernod Ricard
- 1975 – Old rivals Pernod and Ricard merged to form Pernod Ricard S.A..
- 1988 – Pernod Ricard acquired Irish Distillers (which includes Jameson Irish whiskeys).
- 1989 – Pernod Ricard acquired Orlando Wyndham (makers of Jacob's Creek).
- 1993 – Pernod Ricard worked with Cuban companies to create Havana Club International.
- 2001 – Pernod Ricard purchased 38% of Seagram's Wines and Spirits business.
- 2005 – Pernod Ricard purchased Allied Domecq.
- 2008 – Pernod Ricard purchased V&S Group including the Absolut VodkaAbsolut VodkaAbsolut Vodka is a brand of vodka, produced near Åhus, Skåne, in southern Sweden. Since July 2008 the company has been owned by the French firm Pernod Ricard who bought V&S Group from the Swedish government....
brand, from the SwedishSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
government.
Subsidiaries
- Premium Wine Brands (Australia) – owner of Orlando WinesOrlando WinesOrlando Wines is an Australian winery located in the small township of Rowland Flat, between Lyndoch and Tanunda, in South Australia's Barossa Valley wine-growing region. Orlando Wines was the valley's first commercial winery. It is currently part of Pernod Ricard Pacific, a wholly owned subsidiary...
(incl. Jacob's Creek) and Wyndham EstateWyndham EstateWyndham Estate is a leading winery located in the Hunter Valley, in New South Wales, Australia.It was founded by George Wyndham who came to Australia in 1827, and planted a vineyard around his home, Dalwood, in the Hunter Valley. The winery won four gold medals, seven silver medals and two bronze... - Pernod Ricard NZPernod Ricard NZPernod Ricard NZ is New Zealand's largest wine-maker, formed when Pernod Ricard took over Allied Domecq, which had previously taken over Montana Wines. The companies operations and labels are still largely associated with Montana...
– owner of Montana WinesMontana WinesMontana Wines is New Zealand's largest wine company, owning vineyards in Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Marlborough, and Waipara.- History :Montana was founded by a Croatian immigrant, Ivan Yukich , who planted his first vines in 1934 in the Waitakere Ranges west of Auckland. The first wine was sold in... - Corby DistilleriesCorby DistilleriesCorby Distilleries Limited is an alcohol manufacturing and distribution company in Canada.It was founded in 1859 in Corbyville, Ontario. As of 2008, the company is 46% owned by Pernod Ricard SA. The company distills several Canadian specialities, as well as marketing Pernod Ricard's products in...
- Canadian subsidiary; owner of Wiser's whiskyWiser's whiskyWiser's Whisky Distillery was established in Prescott, Ontario in 1857. In the early 1900s, Wiser's was the third largest distillery in Canada, producing high-quality whisky that supplied markets in Canada and the United States, China and the Philippine Islands. In 1911, the company employed over...
, Lamb's rum - Pernod Ricard Rouss - subsidiary in the Russian Federation
- Irish DistillersIrish DistillersIrish Distillers is a subsidiary of the French drinks conglomerate Pernod-Ricard S.A.. It was acquired in 1988 in a friendly takeover.-History:...
- Irish subsidiary - Pernod Ricard Armenia - Armenian subsidiary
Brands
Pernod Ricard owns a wide variety of beverage brands worldwide. These include:
|
As of 26 July 2005, the brand portfolio expanded to include former Allied Domecq products:
|
Tia Maria Tia Maria is a coffee liqueur made originally in Jamaica using Jamaican coffee beans. The main flavor ingredients are coffee beans, cane spirit, vanilla, and sugar, blended to an alcoholic content of 31.5% .... liqueur Stolichnaya -Description:Fermentation of Stolichnaya starts with wheat and rye grains and artesial water from the Russian city of Samara and the Kaliningrad region. The fermentation takes about 60 hours. Once fermentation is complete the resulting liquid is distilled four times to a strength of 96.4% ABV.... vodka (which is now under William Grant & Sons) Mumm G. H. Mumm & Cie, situated in Reims in northern France, is one of the largest Champagne producers worldwide.- History :It was founded by three brothers, Jacobus, Gottlieb and Phillip Mumm, German winemakers from the Rhine valley and G. Heuser and Friedrich Giesler on March 1, 1827 as P. A. Mumm... champagne Perrier-Jouët Perrier-Jouët is a Champagne producer based in the Épernay region of Champagne. The house was founded in 1811 by Pierre-Nicolas-Marie Perrier-Jouët, and produces both vintage and non-vintage cuvee, approximately 3,000,000 bottles annually, with its prestige label named Belle Epoque. Perrier-Jouët... champagne |
Lincolnshire, Illinois
Lincolnshire, Illinois
Lincolnshire is a village in the Vernon Township region of Lake County, in the U.S. state of Illinois. The village is a suburb of Chicago, a city in the adjacent Cook County. Its population was 6,108 at the time of the 2000 census. Lincolnshire was incorporated on August 5, 1957, from the...
-based Fortune Brands
Fortune Brands
Fortune Brands was a holding company founded in 1969 as American Brands and later renamed in 1997 and split apart in 2011. The corporate headquarters was in Deerfield, Illinois in the United States. The company historically had a significant diversity of product offerings...
acquired a number of former Allied Domecq brands from Pernod Ricard following Pernod Ricard's acquisition of Allied Domecq. These include:
|
Cockburn's Port House Cockburn’s Port is a port producer in Portugal.It started as a family-owned business and went through 48 years of ownership by various large corporations before returning to private family ownership in 2010 as part of Symington Family Estates.- History :... John Harvey & Sons John Harvey & Sons was a wine merchant, started by John Harvey in Bristol, England in 1796, and specializing in importing Spanish and Portuguese wines. During the 1860s and 1880s, in the company's cellars John Harvey II and his brother Edward Harvey developed the world’s first cream sherry now... s sherries Centenario The Centenario is a Mexican gold bullion coin first minted in 1921 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Mexico's independence from Spain. The coin is not intended to be used as currency; the face value of 50 pesos is for legal purposes only, and does not reflect the actual value of the gold... Spanish brandy Kuemmerling Kuemmerling is the brandname of a type of Kräuterlikör from Germany, belonging to the group of Halbbitter .This 35% by volume alcohol is a type of bitters. It has been in production since 1963 in Bodenheim, near Mainz using a recipe from 1938. There are about a million bottles of the typical... German bitters |
Fortune Brands' agreement with Pernod Ricard also included the purchase of the Maker's Mark
Maker's Mark
Maker’s Mark is a small batch bourbon whiskey that is distilled in Loretto, Kentucky by Beam Inc.. It is sold in distinctively squarish bottles, which are sealed with red wax. The distillery offers tours, and is part of the American Whiskey Trail and the Kentucky Bourbon Trail.- History...
bourbon brand, which remained subject to regulatory clearance in the United States. While the U.S. Federal Trade Commission
Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Trade Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act...
conducted its review, Maker's Mark was owned and managed by Pernod Ricard and Pernod Ricard received the earnings from the brand. Fortune Brands was compensated with interest payments upon transfer of the brand.
Yoo-hoo
Yoo-Hoo
Yoo-hoo is an American chocolate beverage. Technically, it is a dairy drink, but it contains very little actual milk. The stated ingredients on the label include water, high-fructose corn syrup, dairy whey, sugar, corn syrup solids, cocoa, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, sodium caseinate ,...
chocolate beverage (notably non-alcoholic) was sold to Pernod Ricard in 1989, and in 2001 Pernod Ricard sold it to Cadbury Schweppes
Cadbury Schweppes
Cadbury is a confectionery company owned by Kraft Foods and is the industry's second-largest globally after Mars, Incorporated. Headquartered in Uxbridge, London, United Kingdom, the company operates in more than 50 countries worldwide....
.
Support of bullfighting in France
According to the NGO Alliance anticorrida, Pernod Ricard is the major funder of bullfightingBullfighting
Bullfighting is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, southern France and some Latin American countries , in which one or more bulls are baited in a bullring for sport and entertainment...
in France, financing bullfighting clubs and sponsoring corrida
Corrida
Corrida was a French Thoroughbred racehorse who won races in France, Belgium, Germany and England and is regarded as one of the top fillies of the 20th Century worldwide...
s despite the opposition of a majority of French citizens to blood sports..
Property rights conflict over the Havana Club trademark
The Havana ClubHavana Club
Havana Club is a brand of rum, made in Santa Cruz del Norte, Cuba. The brand was established by José Arechabala in 1878. After the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the distillery and company was nationalized by the Cuban government; subsequently, the Arechabala family left for Spain, then emigrated to the...
brand was lost to its founders, the Arechabala family, due to the 1959 Cuban Revolution and an ongoing legal battle opposes the claimed trademark owners in the US to the joint-venture between Pernod Ricard and the Cuban State-owned company Corporación Cuba Ron. The Havana Club trademark remains unchallenged elsewhere in the world, having been validated by court decisions in a number of other countries than the US..
Chemistry
The pastisPastis
Pastis is an anise-flavored liqueur and apéritif from France, typically containing 40–45% alcohol by volume, although alcohol-free varieties exist.-Origins:...
beverages produced by Pernod Ricard will become cloudy when diluted because they are aniseed
Anise
Anise , Pimpinella anisum, also called aniseed, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. Its flavor resembles that of liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.- Biology :...
-based. These beverages contain oils called terpenes
Terpene
Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeterium. They are often strong smelling and thus may have had a protective...
, which are soluble
Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the used solvent as well as on...
in an aqueous solution
Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is usually shown in chemical equations by appending aq to the relevant formula, such as NaCl. The word aqueous means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in water...
that contains 30% ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...
or more by volume
Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume is a standard measure of how much alcohol is contained in an alcoholic beverage .The ABV standard is used worldwide....
. When the solution is diluted to below 30% ethanol, the terpenes
Terpene
Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeterium. They are often strong smelling and thus may have had a protective...
become insoluble
Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the used solvent as well as on...
; this causes a cloudy precipitate
Precipitation (chemistry)
Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution or inside anothersolid during a chemical reaction or by diffusion in a solid. When the reaction occurs in a liquid, the solid formed is called the precipitate, or when compacted by a centrifuge, a pellet. The liquid remaining above the solid...
to form in the solution. The same chemistry causes absinthe
Absinthe
Absinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage. It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from herbs, including the flowers and leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium, commonly referred to as "grande wormwood", together with green anise and sweet fennel...
to go cloudy when diluted.