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Percolation

 

 
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Percolation
 
 
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In physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
 and materials science
Materials science

Materials science or materials engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering....
, percolation concerns the movement and filtering
Filtration

Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids by interposing a medium to fluid flow through which the fluid can pass, but the solids in the fluid are retained....
 of fluids through porous materials. Examples include the movement of solvents through filter paper (chromatography
Chromatography

Chromatography is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. It involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated....
) and the movement of petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 through fractured rock. Electrical analogs include the flow of electricity through random resistor networks. During the last three decades, percolation theory
Percolation theory

In mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of glossary of graph theory clusters in a probability graph . The applications of percolation theory to materials science and other domains are discussed in the article percolation....
, an extensive mathematical model of percolation, has brought new understanding and techniques to a broad range of topics in physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, materials science as well as geography.

Percolation typically exhibits universality
Universality (dynamical systems)

In statistical mechanics, universality is the observation that there are properties for a large class of systems that are independent of the mechanics details of the system....
.






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In physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
 and materials science
Materials science

Materials science or materials engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering....
, percolation concerns the movement and filtering
Filtration

Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids by interposing a medium to fluid flow through which the fluid can pass, but the solids in the fluid are retained....
 of fluids through porous materials. Examples include the movement of solvents through filter paper (chromatography
Chromatography

Chromatography is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. It involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated....
) and the movement of petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 through fractured rock. Electrical analogs include the flow of electricity through random resistor networks. During the last three decades, percolation theory
Percolation theory

In mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of glossary of graph theory clusters in a probability graph . The applications of percolation theory to materials science and other domains are discussed in the article percolation....
, an extensive mathematical model of percolation, has brought new understanding and techniques to a broad range of topics in physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, materials science as well as geography.

Percolation typically exhibits universality
Universality (dynamical systems)

In statistical mechanics, universality is the observation that there are properties for a large class of systems that are independent of the mechanics details of the system....
. Combinatorics
Combinatorics

Combinatorics is a branch of pure mathematics concerning the study of Countable set objects. It is related to many other areas of mathematics, such as algebra, probability theory, ergodic theory and geometry, as well as to applied subjects in computer science and statistical physics....
 is commonly employed to study percolation threshold
Percolation threshold

Percolation threshold is a mathematical term related to percolation theory, which is the formation of long-range connectivity in random systems....
s.

Applications include coffee percolation, where the solvent is water, the permeable substance is the coffee grounds, and the soluble constituents are the chemical compounds that give coffee its color, taste, and aroma.

See also

  • Conductance (graph)
    Conductance (graph)

    In graph theory the conductance of a Graph G= measures how "well-knit" the graph is: it controls how fast a random walk on G converges to a Uniform distribution ....
  • Self-organization
    Self-organization

    Self-organization is a process of attraction and VSEPR theory in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system , increases in complexity without being guided or managed by an outside source....
  • Self-organized criticality
    Self-organized criticality

    In physics, self-organized criticality is a property of dynamical systems which have a critical point as an attractor. Their macroscopic behaviour thus displays the spatial and/or temporal scale invariance characteristic of the critical point of a phase transition, but without the need to tune control parameters to precise values....
  • Percolation threshold
    Percolation threshold

    Percolation threshold is a mathematical term related to percolation theory, which is the formation of long-range connectivity in random systems....
  • Groundwater recharge


External links

  • . This application shows 38x38 bond percolation square lattice. The percolation threshold
    Percolation threshold

    Percolation threshold is a mathematical term related to percolation theory, which is the formation of long-range connectivity in random systems....
     is reached when the slider position corresponds to p = 0.5