Penang Bridge
Encyclopedia
Penang Bridge is a dual carriageway
toll bridge
connects Gelugor
on the island of Penang
and Seberang Prai on the mainland of Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula
. The bridge is also linked to the North-South Expressway in Prai and Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway
in Penang. It was officially opened to traffic on September 14, 1985. The total length of the bridge is 13.5 km (8.4 mi), making it the longest bridge in Malaysia as and the fourth-longest in Southeast Asia. Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd (PBSB) is the concession holder which manages it. The bridge was designed by Penang
resident, Professor Chin Fung Kee
, a well known civil engineer
.
Before 1985, transportation between the island and the mainland was solely dependent on the state-owned Penang Ferry Service
that runs between Butterworth
and George Town
. Toll fees is only paid when heading to the island. There is no charge for leaving the island.
Currently, Penang Bridge handles 65,000 vehicles daily and has a capacity of handling 85,000 vehicles daily. It has been expanded from 4 lanes to 6 lanes to accommodate increasing traffic on the bridge. A proposal for second bridge, the Penang Second Bridge
, has been approved by the Malaysian federal government and included as one of the Ninth Malaysia Plan
national projects. Construction work of the new Penang Second Bridge began in November 2008, and the target completion date is year 2013.
Recently, Penang Bridge was assign with route number .
TNB's 132kV power cable.
. The first concession was a government body, the Malaysian Highway Authority
(MHA). 20% discount on toll rate was initially given to the loyal and regular customer of the bridge since the operation of the bridge by MHA from 1985 to 1994. During the period, majority of regular commuters from the government agencies, manufacturers and transporters purchased the discount vouchers in bulk from MHA and used them at Penang Bridge Toll Plaza. Fees is charged one way, when enter the bridge from the mainland end towards Penang Island. There is no fees imposed for mainland-bound motorists coming from the island. Since 1994, toll collection has been undertaken by a private concession company, Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd.
Penang Bridge International Marathon is held every year since 1985.
Participants ran over the third longest bridge in the world - Penang Bridge - and along a scenic coastal highway. This is the only time of the year when the bridge is closed for several hours.
The biggest run in the country incorporates a marathon, a half-marathon and a quarter-marathon. The Run catered both to serious runners and amateur ones. It promoted healthy living and built a sense of community.
This is in addition to trophies, finisher medals, certificates and prizes donated by sponsors. In the past, this has included air tickets, hotel stays and household electrical goods.
The run was jointly organised by the Penang Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang) and Malaysian Highway Authority
with the co-operation of Penang Government, Penang Amateur Athletic Association, Penang Youth and Sports Department , University Science Malaysia
, Penang Tourism Action Council and Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd.
For more information see also Penang Bridge International Marathon website
Dual carriageway
A dual carriageway is a class of highway with two carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation...
toll bridge
Toll bridge
A toll bridge is a bridge over which traffic may pass upon payment of a toll, or fee.- History :The practice of collecting tolls on bridges probably harks back to the days of ferry crossings where people paid a fee to be ferried across stretches of water. As boats became impractical to carry large...
connects Gelugor
Gelugor
Gelugor is a town located at the southern part of Georgetown, a midway town between Georgetown and Sungai Dua...
on the island of Penang
Penang
Penang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south. Penang is the second smallest Malaysian state in area after Perlis, and the...
and Seberang Prai on the mainland of Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula
Malay Peninsula
The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula is a peninsula in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southern-most point of the Asian mainland...
. The bridge is also linked to the North-South Expressway in Prai and Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway
Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway
Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway, Federal Route is an expressway in Penang, Malaysia which connects George Town city to Batu Maung. This expressway is situated along the eastern coast of Penang Island, off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia...
in Penang. It was officially opened to traffic on September 14, 1985. The total length of the bridge is 13.5 km (8.4 mi), making it the longest bridge in Malaysia as and the fourth-longest in Southeast Asia. Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd (PBSB) is the concession holder which manages it. The bridge was designed by Penang
Penang
Penang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south. Penang is the second smallest Malaysian state in area after Perlis, and the...
resident, Professor Chin Fung Kee
Chin Fung Kee
Chin Fung Kee was a respected and outstanding Malaysian civil engineer in engineering practice, as well as engineering research and education. He is known for his excellence in geotechnical, structural and hydraulic engineering. He was a local pioneer engineer who played a key role in the...
, a well known civil engineer
Civil engineer
A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering; the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructures while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructures that have been neglected.Originally, a...
.
Before 1985, transportation between the island and the mainland was solely dependent on the state-owned Penang Ferry Service
Penang Ferry Service
Penang Ferry Service is the oldest ferry service in Malaysia. Located in the state of Penang, this famous ferry service connects Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal in Butterworth to Raja Tun Uda ferry terminal at Weld Quay in George Town in Penang Island....
that runs between Butterworth
Butterworth, Penang
Butterworth is the principal town of Seberang Perai in the state of Penang in Malaysia. Named after William John Butterworth, Governor of the Straits Settlements , Butterworth was established in the mid-19th century as a landing place across the channel from the capital of Penang, George Town...
and George Town
George Town, Penang
George Town was voted as one of the best cities in Asia by Asiaweek, ranked 6th in 1998 and 9th in 2000. More recently, George Town has improved a notch to rank as the 9th most liveable city in Asia in a survey of 254 cities worldwide according to an international location ratings survey by , an...
. Toll fees is only paid when heading to the island. There is no charge for leaving the island.
Currently, Penang Bridge handles 65,000 vehicles daily and has a capacity of handling 85,000 vehicles daily. It has been expanded from 4 lanes to 6 lanes to accommodate increasing traffic on the bridge. A proposal for second bridge, the Penang Second Bridge
Penang Second Bridge
The Penang Second Bridge is a new bridge under construction in Penang, Malaysia. It will connect Batu Kawan on the mainland Seberang Perai and Batu Maung on Penang Island. It will be the second bridge to link the island to the mainland after Penang Bridge...
, has been approved by the Malaysian federal government and included as one of the Ninth Malaysia Plan
Ninth Malaysia Plan
Ninth Malaysian Plan abbreviated as '9MP', is a comprehensive blueprint prepared by the Economic Planning Unit of the Prime Minister's Department and the Finance Ministry of Malaysia with approval by the Cabinet of Malaysia to allocate the national budget from the year 2006 to 2010 to all...
national projects. Construction work of the new Penang Second Bridge began in November 2008, and the target completion date is year 2013.
Recently, Penang Bridge was assign with route number .
Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the expressway starts at Perai Interchange of the Tun Hussein Onn Highway.Chronology
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| Early 1970s | The idea to build a bridge linking Seberang Perai to Penang Island was suggested by the late Tun Abdul Razak, the second Prime Minister of Malaysia and the late Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Lim Chong Eu Tun Dato' Seri Dr. Lim Chong Eu was a Malaysian politician who served as the second Chief Minister of Penang for a record 21 years. He was also the founding president of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, a member of the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional. He was termed the "Architect of Modern... , the second Chief Minister of Penang. |
| Late 1970s | Penang Bridge was planned during the term of third Prime Minister, Tun Hussein Onn. |
| 23 July 1981 | Works Minister, S. Samy Vellu Samy Vellu Dato' Seri Samy Vellu Sangalimuthu is an Indian Malaysian politician. He is the longest serving President of the Malaysian Indian Congress , a component party of the Barisan Nasional coalition, holding the position since 1979, for 11 consecutive terms... announced that Penang Bridge, Penang would be constructed using the cable-stayed concrete girder of the San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay into the Pacific Ocean. As part of both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1, the structure links the city of San Francisco, on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, to... instead of the steel-tied arch in the style of the Sydney Harbour Bridge Sydney Harbour Bridge The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a steel through arch bridge across Sydney Harbour that carries rail, vehicular, bicycle and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district and the North Shore. The dramatic view of the bridge, the harbour, and the nearby Sydney Opera House is an iconic... . |
| 1982 | Construction of Penang Bridge officially began |
| 3 August 1985 | Official opening of Penang Bridge by fourth Prime Minister, Dato Seri Dr Mahathir Mohammad. |
| 14 September 1985 | Penang Bridge is officially opened to traffic. |
Penang Bridge Widening Project
When the bridge was originally constructed, the central span had six lanes, while the rest of the bridge had four lanes. There was an ongoing project to have the entire bridge widened to six lanes. Work on the project began on January 2008 and was completed in late 2009.Bridge specifications
- Overall Length: 13.5 km (8.4 mi)
- Length Over Water: 8.4 km (5.2 mi)
- Penang Island Viaduct & Approach: 1.5 km (0.93205910497471 mi)
- Prai Approach: 3.6 km (2.2 mi)
- Carriageway: 3 lanes per carriageway
- Height of Tower Above Water: 101.5 m
- Height of Bridge Above Water: 33 m
- Main Span: 225 m
- End Span: 107.5 m
- Other Span: 40 m
- Speed limit: 80 km/h
- Maximum Gradient: 3.0%
Features
The bridge has an SOS emergency feature and traffic CCTV. The Gelugor Complex Interchange is the largest highway interchange in Malaysia. The bridge has a Tenaga NasionalTenaga Nasional
Tenaga Nasional Berhad is the largest Electric utility company in Malaysia and also the largest power company in Southeast Asia with MYR 69.8 billion worth of assets. It serves over seven million customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and also the eastern state of Sabah through Sabah Electricity...
TNB's 132kV power cable.
Overview
Since 1985, Penang Bridge has been a tolled bridgeToll bridge
A toll bridge is a bridge over which traffic may pass upon payment of a toll, or fee.- History :The practice of collecting tolls on bridges probably harks back to the days of ferry crossings where people paid a fee to be ferried across stretches of water. As boats became impractical to carry large...
. The first concession was a government body, the Malaysian Highway Authority
Malaysian Highway Authority
The Malaysian Highway Authority or Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia is a government agency under the Malaysian Ministry of Works...
(MHA). 20% discount on toll rate was initially given to the loyal and regular customer of the bridge since the operation of the bridge by MHA from 1985 to 1994. During the period, majority of regular commuters from the government agencies, manufacturers and transporters purchased the discount vouchers in bulk from MHA and used them at Penang Bridge Toll Plaza. Fees is charged one way, when enter the bridge from the mainland end towards Penang Island. There is no fees imposed for mainland-bound motorists coming from the island. Since 1994, toll collection has been undertaken by a private concession company, Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd.
Toll rates
| Class | Type of vehicles | Rate (in Malaysian Ringgit Malaysian ringgit The Malaysian ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen... (RM)) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Motorcycles | RM 1.40 |
| 2 | Motorcycle with sidecars, cars including station wagon and commercial vehicles on three wheels | RM 7.00 |
| 3 | Lorries and vans with two axles and four wheels | RM 12.00 |
| Buses with two axles and four wheels | RM 6.00 | |
| 4 | Lorries, vans and buses with two axles and five or six wheels | RM 25.00 |
| Buses with two axles and five or six wheels | RM 12.50 | |
| 5 | Vehicles with three axles | RM 45.00 |
| Buses with three axles | RM 22.50 | |
| 6 | Vehicles with four axles | RM 60.00 |
| 7 | Vehicles with five and more axles | RM 75.00 |
- Note: Touch 'n GoTouch 'n GoThe Touch 'n Go or smart card is used by Malaysian toll expressway and highway operators as the sole electronic payment system . The credit card sized smartcard made of plastic with Philips' MIFARE microchip technology embedded in it....
is also available for light vehicles and motorcycles. Smart TAGSmart TAGSmartTAG is an on-board unit vehicle-based device used as an electronic toll collection system over long distances to complement Touch 'n Go, a card-based system...
lane are for light vehicles only. As part of the concessionaire's initiative to increase use of the more efficient electronic payment system, user with Touch 'n Go card (and Smart TAG) issued from Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd office will receive a 20% discount on Penang Bridge toll.
Tun Hussein Onn Highway side
| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NORTH-SOUTH EXPRESSWAY NORTHERN ROUTE North-South Expressway Northern Route North–South Expressway Northern Route, is the northern part of Malaysia's longest expressway, the North–South Expressway. It is situated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, linking the northern states of Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor.... NORTH Alor Setar Permatang Pauh Permatang Pauh Permatang Pauh is a town in Seberang Perai, the hinterland portion of the island-state of Penang, Malaysia. Permatang Pauh is now led by Anwar Ibrahim who is the Member of Parliament for Permatang Pauh.... |
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| NORTH-SOUTH EXPRESSWAY NORTHERN ROUTE PLUS Expressways border limit |
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| PENANG BRIDGE (TUN HUSSEIN ONN HIGHWAY) PBSB border limit |
|||||
0 |
PERAI INTERCHANGE | NORTHWEST BUTTERWORTH OUTER RING ROAD Butterworth Outer Ring Road Butterworth Outer Ring Road or BORR is an expressway in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia. This expressway connects Sungai Dua in the north until Perai in the south.- History :... Perai Butterworth SOUTHEAST BUTTERWORTH-KULIM HIGHWAY Butterworth-Kulim Highway Butterworth–Kulim Highway is a major highway in Penang, Kedah, and Malaysia.-List of junctions:... Bukit Mertajam |
Parcelo cloverleaf interchange | ||
| Railway crossing bridge | |||||
| PENANG BRIDGE INTERCHANGE | NORTH-SOUTH EXPRESSWAY NORTHERN ROUTE North-South Expressway Northern Route North–South Expressway Northern Route, is the northern part of Malaysia's longest expressway, the North–South Expressway. It is situated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, linking the northern states of Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor.... SOUTH Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur is the capital and the second largest city in Malaysia by population. The city proper, making up an area of , has a population of 1.4 million as of 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million... Ipoh Ipoh Ipoh is the capital city of Perak state, Malaysia. It is approximately 200 km north of Kuala Lumpur on the North-South Expressway.... Bukit Tambun Bukit Tambun Bukit Tambun is a town located at the south of the mainland of Penang. It is linked to Bukit Minyak, Simpang Empat, Penang and Batu Kawan. One of the most convenient place to stay in the Southern Seberang Perai District... JALAN PERUSAHAAN PERAI Jalan Perusahan Perai Jalan Perusahan Perai, Federal Route , is a dual-carriageway federal roads in Penang, Malaysia.-Notable features:... NORTHWEST Perai Industrial Area SOUTHEAST Juru |
Stacked expressway interchange Cloverleaf interchange |
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| PENANG BRIDGE (TUN HUSSEIN ONN HIGHWAY) |
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| PENANG BRIDGE |
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Bridge side
| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U-Turn | U-TURN TUN HUSSEIN ONN HIGHWAY Perai Butterworth |
||||
| Perai toll plaza (PLAZA A) (Enter bridge only) PBSB Opened toll system Pay toll |
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| Perai toll plaza (PLAZA B) (Enter bridge only) PBSB Opened toll system Pay toll |
|||||
| Perai toll plaza PBSB |
Enter bridge only | ||||
| U-Turn | U-TURN PENANG BRIDGE George Town Bayan Lepas |
||||
| Penang Bridge 13.5 kilometres |
Start/End of Bridge Six lane carriageway |
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2 |
Penang Bridge | ||||
| 2.3 | |||||
5 |
Penang Bridge | ||||
| 5.1 - 5.9 | Penang Bridge | Central span Cable stayed bridge |
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6 |
Penang Bridge | ||||
| Penang Bridge 13.5 kilometres |
Start/End of Bridge Six lane carriageway |
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| GELUGOR-PENANG BRIDGE INTERCHANGE | WEST GELUGOR HIGHWAY Gelugor Highway Gelugor Highway, Federal Route comprising Jalan Gelugor and Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah is a major highway in Penang, Malaysia.- List of Interchanges :... Gelugor Jalan Gelugor Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia is a public university with its main campus in Penang, Malaysia. There are three branch campuses: one in mainland Penang , one in Kelantan on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, and a offshore collaboration with a university in India... (USM) TUN DR LIM CHONG EU EXPRESSWAY Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway, Federal Route is an expressway in Penang, Malaysia which connects George Town city to Batu Maung. This expressway is situated along the eastern coast of Penang Island, off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia... (BAYAN LEPAS EXPRESSWAY) NORTH Jalan Tunku Kudin Air Itam George Town SOUTH Bayan Lepas Bayan Lepas Bayan Lepas is a town in Penang, Malaysia being home to the Penang International Airport. It has a population of about 141,000 people. Bayan Lepas is the main industrial hub of Penang, being home to the Free Industrial Zone, where factories of many multinational companies are located... Penang International Airport |
Stacked expressway interchange | |||
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) interchange side
| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WEST |
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA INTERCHANGE | GELUGOR HIGHWAY Gelugor Highway Gelugor Highway, Federal Route comprising Jalan Gelugor and Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah is a major highway in Penang, Malaysia.- List of Interchanges :... NORTH Gelugor Gelugor Gelugor is a town located at the southern part of Georgetown, a midway town between Georgetown and Sungai Dua... Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia is a public university with its main campus in Penang, Malaysia. There are three branch campuses: one in mainland Penang , one in Kelantan on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, and a offshore collaboration with a university in India... (USM) SOUTH Sungai Nibong Sungai Nibong Sungai Nibong is a town located near Batu Uban in Penang, Malaysia. Penang's main express bus terminal and the annual Penang Festival site are all located there.... Bayan Lepas Bayan Lepas Bayan Lepas is a town in Penang, Malaysia being home to the Penang International Airport. It has a population of about 141,000 people. Bayan Lepas is the main industrial hub of Penang, being home to the Free Industrial Zone, where factories of many multinational companies are located... Penang International Airport |
Trumpet interchange |
Jalan Tunku Kudin interchange side
| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tesco Tesco Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and the second-largest measured by profits... Penang |
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NORTH |
JALAN TUNKU KUDIN INTERCHANGE | WEST PENANG MIDDLE RING ROAD Penang Middle Ring Road Penang Middle Ring Road comprising Scotland Road, Jalan Masjid Negeri and Jalan Tengku Kudin is a major ring road in Penang, Malaysia.-List of Interchanges:... JALAN TENGKU KUDIN Jalan Masjid Negeri Air Itam |
Interchange from/to Penang Bridge and Bayan Lepas only | ||
| PENANG BRIDGE ( TUN DR LIM CHONG EU EXPRESSWAY) (BAYAN LEPAS EXPRESSWAY) PBSB border limit |
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| TUN DR LIM CHONG EU EXPRESSWAY (JELUTONG EXPRESSWAY) JKR and MPPP border limit |
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| NORTH TUN DR LIM CHONG EU EXPRESSWAY Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway, Federal Route is an expressway in Penang, Malaysia which connects George Town city to Batu Maung. This expressway is situated along the eastern coast of Penang Island, off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia... (JELUTONG EXPRESSWAY) George Town |
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Interesting facts
- Penang Bridge toll plaza (Prai) is the first toll plaza in Malaysia to introduce toll payment by Contactless Smart Card.
- Penang Bridge toll plaza (Prai) is the first toll plaza in Malaysia with smart card payment for all classes of vehicles.
- After construction works of Penang Bridge were completed in 1985, Penang IslandPenang IslandPenang Island is part of the state of Penang, on the west coat of Peninsular Malaysia. It was named Prince of Wales Island when it was occupied by the British East India Company on 12 August 1786, in honour of the birthday of the Prince of Wales, later King George IV...
became the first and only island in Malaysia to be connected to the mainland through land transport.
Penang Bridge International Marathon
Participants ran over the third longest bridge in the world - Penang Bridge - and along a scenic coastal highway. This is the only time of the year when the bridge is closed for several hours.
The biggest run in the country incorporates a marathon, a half-marathon and a quarter-marathon. The Run catered both to serious runners and amateur ones. It promoted healthy living and built a sense of community.
This is in addition to trophies, finisher medals, certificates and prizes donated by sponsors. In the past, this has included air tickets, hotel stays and household electrical goods.
The run was jointly organised by the Penang Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang) and Malaysian Highway Authority
Malaysian Highway Authority
The Malaysian Highway Authority or Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia is a government agency under the Malaysian Ministry of Works...
with the co-operation of Penang Government, Penang Amateur Athletic Association, Penang Youth and Sports Department , University Science Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia is a public university with its main campus in Penang, Malaysia. There are three branch campuses: one in mainland Penang , one in Kelantan on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, and a offshore collaboration with a university in India...
, Penang Tourism Action Council and Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd.
For more information see also Penang Bridge International Marathon website
See also
- Penang Second BridgePenang Second BridgeThe Penang Second Bridge is a new bridge under construction in Penang, Malaysia. It will connect Batu Kawan on the mainland Seberang Perai and Batu Maung on Penang Island. It will be the second bridge to link the island to the mainland after Penang Bridge...
- PenangPenangPenang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south. Penang is the second smallest Malaysian state in area after Perlis, and the...
- North-South Expressway
- Jelutong Expressway
- Touch 'n GoTouch 'n GoThe Touch 'n Go or smart card is used by Malaysian toll expressway and highway operators as the sole electronic payment system . The credit card sized smartcard made of plastic with Philips' MIFARE microchip technology embedded in it....
- Smart TAGSmart TAGSmartTAG is an on-board unit vehicle-based device used as an electronic toll collection system over long distances to complement Touch 'n Go, a card-based system...
- Road signs in MalaysiaRoad signs in MalaysiaRoad signs in Malaysia are standardized road signs similar to those used in other nations but with certada]], and Australia, alin distinctions. Until the early 1980s, Malaysia closely followed Australian and Japanese practice in road sign design, with diamond-shaped warning signs and circular...
- Malaysian Federal Roads systemMalaysian Federal Roads SystemMalaysian Federal Roads System , is the main national road network in Malaysia. All Federal Roads in Malaysia are under the purview of Ministry of Works . According to Minister's Function Act 1969, MOW responsible to plan, build and maintain all Federal Roads gazetted under the Federal Road Act 1959...
- Malaysian State Roads systemMalaysian State Roads systemMalaysian state roads are the secondary roads in Malaysia. The construction of state roads in Malaysia are funded by Malaysian Public Works Department of each states...
- Malaysian expressway systemMalaysian Expressway SystemThe Malaysian Expressway System , which begins with the North-South Expressway , is currently in the process of being substantially developed...
External links
- Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd
- Malaysian Highway Authority
- Satellite Image of Penang Bridge at Google Maps
- Penang Bridge Blog - maintained by Penang Bridge Sdn Bhd, the bridge's operator
- Penang Bridge - Penang National Landmark