Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda

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Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda

This person should not be confused with Pedro de Aranda
Pedro de Aranda

Pedro de Aranda was a Bishop of Calahorra and President of the Council of Castile in the latter part of the fifteenth century, and a victim of the persecutions of Marranos....
, bishop of Calahorra during the late fifteenth century.

Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Jiménez de Urrea, 10th Count
Count

A count is a nobleman in European countries; The word count comes from French language comte, itself from Latin comes?in its Accusative case comitem?meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor"....
of Aranda (Siétamo

Siétamo

Si?tamo is a municipality located in the Huesca , Aragon, Spain, in the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. Birthplace of the Count of Aranda and Antonio_Mar%C3%ADa_Javierre_Ortas....
, Huesca, 1718- Épila

Épila

?pila is a municipality in the province of Zaragoza , Aragon. Its population in 2005 was approximately 4,100.John I of Castile was born in ?pila....
, Saragossa 1798), was a Spanish

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
statesman

Statesman

A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a politician or other notable figure of state who has had a long and respected career in politics at the national and international level....
and diplomat.

He began ecclesiastical studies in the seminary

Seminary

A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students in philosophy, theology, spirituality and the religious life, usually in order to prepare them to become members of the clergy....
of Bologna

Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
but when he was 18 he changed to the Military School

Military academy

A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the Army, the Navy, Air Force or Coast Guard or provides education in a service environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned....
of Parma

Parma

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Siétamo

Épila

?pila is a municipality in the province of Zaragoza , Aragon. Its population in 2005 was approximately 4,100.John I of Castile was born in ?pila....
, Saragossa 1798), was a Spanish

Spain

Statesman

Seminary

Bologna

Military academy

Parma

Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its architecture and the fine countryside around it. It is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world....
. In 1740, he was captain in the Spanish Army and fought in the War of Austrian Succession. As he had been severely wounded in combat in 1743 (he was left for dead on the battlefield), he temporarily left the military and traveled through Europe

Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
. He studied the Prussian Army

Prussian Army

The Prussian Army was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power.The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War....
and lived in Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, where he met Diderot, Voltaire

Voltaire

Fran?ois-Marie Arouet , better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Age of Enlightenment writer, essayist, and philosophy known for his wit, philosophical sport, and defense of civil liberty, including freedom of religion and free trade....
and D'Alambert and studied the Encyclopedical and Enlightenment

Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century, in which rationalism was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority....
movements.

In 1754, Ferdinand VI

Ferdinand VI of Spain

Ferdinand VI, , list of Spanish monarchs from 1746 until his death, fourth son of Philip V of Spain, founder of the Spanish House of Bourbon dynasty , by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713....
appointed him ambassador

Ambassador

An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents their country. They are usually accredited to a Sovereignty or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of their country....
to Portugal

Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
and in 1757 director general of Artillery

Artillery

Artillery is a military Combat Arms which employs any apparatus, machine, an assortment of tools or instruments, a system or systems used as weapons for the discharge of large projectiles in combat as a major contribution of fire power within the overall military capability of an armed force....
. In 1760, Charles III

Charles III of Spain

Charles III was list of Spanish monarchs 1759?88 , King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily 1735?59 , and Duchy of Parma 1732?35 . He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism....
appointed him ambassador to Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
and on his return he was sent to Portugal to supersede the Marquis of Sarria

Marquis of Sarria

Nicol?s de Carvajal y Lancaster, Marqu?s de Sarria , was a Spanish noble and military figure from the 18th century.He was the son of Bernardino de Carvajal y Vivero, second count de la Quinta de la Enjarada, and Maria Josefa de Lancaster y Noro?a....
in the command of the Spanish army then invading Portugal

Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)

The Spanish invasion of Portugal, between 9 May and 24 November 1762, was the principal military campaign of the Spanish?Portuguese War, 1761?1763, which in turn was part of the larger Seven Years' War....
.

In 1763 he was appointed captain general of Valencia

Valencia (province)

Valencia is a provinces of Spain of Spain, in the central part of the Valencian Community.It is bordered by the provinces of Alicante , Albacete , Cuenca , Teruel , Castell?n , and the Mediterranean Sea....
. When the Esquilache riots

Esquilache Riots

The Esquilache Riots occurred in March 1766 during the rule of Charles III of Spain. Caused mostly by the growing discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures regarding Spaniards' apparel that had been enacted by Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache, a Kingdom...
happened he was appointed captain general of Castile the New

New Castile

New Castile is a historic region of Spain. It roughly corresponds to the southern part of the Kingdom of Castile, taken during the Reconquista of the peninsula by Christian kings from Muslim rulers....
and president of the Council of Castile

Council of Castile

The Council of Castile , known earlier as the Royal Council , was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Crown of Castile, second only to the monarch himself....
. As he enjoyed the personal confidence of the king, his power was similar to a prime minister's

Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
. He promoted many enlightened reforms

Enlightenment

Enlightenment may refer to:...
and he supported the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767. His political and courtier

Courtier

A courtier is a person who attends the noble court of a monarch or other Executive . Historically the court was the centre of government as well as the Official residence of the monarch, and social and political life were often completely mixed together....
enemies, especially Floridablanca, managed to achieve his dismissal. He was appointed ambassador to France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
in 1773, where he stayed till 1792.

In Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, analyzing the situation created after the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
won its independence, he drafted a projected Commonwealth

Commonwealth

The England noun commonwealth dates from the fifteenth century. The original phrase "common-wealth" or "the common weal" comes from the old meaning of "wealth," which is "well-being." The term literally meant "common well-being." Thus commonwealth originally meant a state or nation-state governed for the common good as opposed to an autho...
for the Spanish Empire

Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
: three independent kingdoms (Peru

Peru

Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, Tierra Firme (New Grenada and Venezuela

Venezuela

Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a country on the northern coast of South America.The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea....
) and Mexico

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
) with three Spanish infantes
Infante

Infante or infanta , also anglicised as infant, was the title and rank given in the European kingdoms of Kingdom of Spain, and Kingdom of Portugal to a son or daughter, and to a grandson or granddaughter in the male line of a reigning monarch , and their woman consorts....
in their thrones. The Spanish king would remain as the Spanish Emperor

Emperor

An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the female equivalent. As a title, "empress" may indicate the wife of an emperor or a woman who rules in her own right ....
.

In 1792, he returned to Spain to replace the Count of Floridablanca

José Moñino y Redondo, conde de Floridablanca

Don Jos? Mo?ino y Redondo, Count of Floridablanca , Spain statesman. He was the Reform movement chief minister of King Charles III of Spain, and also served briefly under Charles IV of Spain....
as secretary of State (Prime minister

List of Prime Ministers of Spain

The following is the list of those who have served as Prime Minister of Spain of Spain. It also includes similar offices presiding over the Council of Ministries since the position gained a significant power....
). After the imprisonment of Louis XVI (August, 1792) and the proclamation of the Republic in France (September), Aranda's Enlightenment leanings seemed incompatible with the total war that several European monarchies were about to declare against revolutionary France

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
. Aranda was therefore replaced by Manuel Godoy

Manuel de Godoy

Manuel de Godoy y ?lvarez de Faria , was Prime Minister of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808. He received many titles including Prince of the Peace by which he is widely known....
in November. After the defeat of Spanish Army in Rousillon, Godoy and Aranda publicly quarreled in the Council of State

Spanish Council of State

The Spanish Council of State is the supreme consultative council of the Spanish Government. The current Council of State was established in 1980 according to the article 107 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978....
. That same night Aranda was arrested and confined to Jaén. A year later he was indulted and retired to his estates in Aragon

Aragon

Aragon is an autonomous communities of Spain of Spain. Located in northeastern Spain, the region comprises three provinces of Spain from north to south: Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel ....
.

He was buried in the monastery of San Juan de la Peña

San Juan de la Peña

The monastery of San Juan de la Pe?a is located at the south-west of Jaca, in Huesca, Spain. It was one of the most important monasteries in Aragon in the Middle Ages....
.

External links

Bibliography

Albiac, María Dolores: El conde de Aranda. Los laberintos del poder, Saragossa: Caja de Ahorros de la Inmaculada, 1998
Olaechea, Rafael; Ferrer, José A.: El Conde de Aranda (mitos y realidad de un político aragonés), Saragossa: Librería General, 1978