Peace park

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Peace park

A Transboundary Protected Area is a protected area

Protected area

Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental, cultural or similar value. The term protected area includes marine protected area, which refers to protected areas whose boundaries include some area of ocean....
that spans across boundaries of multiple countries

Country

Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
, where the political border

Border

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A Transboundary Protected Area is a protected area

Protected area

Country

Border

Borders define geography boundaries of political geography or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, states or Subnational entity. They may foster the setting up of buffer zones....
sections that are enclosed within its area are abolished. This includes removal of all forms of physical boundaries, such as fences, allowing free migration of animals and humans within the area. A boundary around the area may however be maintained to prevent unauthorised border crossing. Such areas are also known by terms such as Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) or Peace Parks.

The preservation of traditional animal migration patterns, ensuring sufficient food and water sources for population growth, are the primary reason for the creation of peace parks. Peace parks however also encourage tourism

Tourism

Tourism is travel for recreational or leisure purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from...
, economic development and goodwill between neighbouring countries, as well as facilitating travel of indigenous

Indigenous peoples

File:Kaiapos.jpegThe term indigenous peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any ethnic group of people who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest known historical connection, alongside immigrants which have populated the region and which are greater in number....
inhabitants of the area.

Africa

on 1 February 1997, Dr Anton Rupert, together with HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and Dr Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was the first President of South Africa of South Africa to be elected in a universal suffrage democratic election, serving in the office from 1994?99....
founded Peace Parks Foundation as a not-for-profit organisation to facilitate the establishment of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs), also called peace parks.

Treaty signed

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is a large wildlife preserve and Conservation ecology area in southern Africa. The park straddles the border between South Africa and Botswana and comprises two adjoining national parks: Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa and Gemsbok National Park in Botswana....
(Botswana/South Africa)
|Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park (Namibia/South Africa) (see also Nama people: Namaqua
Namaqua

Nama are an African ethnic group of South Africa, Namibia and Botswana. They speak the Nama language of the Khoe-Kwadi language family. The Nama are the largest group of the Khoikhoi people, most of whom have largely disappeared as a group, except for the Namas....
)
Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park
Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park

Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park is a 35,000 km? peace park that is in the process of being formed. It will link the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique, Kruger National Park in South Africa, Gonarezhou National Park, Manjinji Pan Sanctuary and Malipati Safari Area in Zimbabwe, as well as the area between Kruger and Gonarezhou, the Sengwe co...

Memorandum of agreements signed

Limpopo-Shashe TFCA (Botswana/South Africa/Zimbabwe)
Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation and Resource Area
Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area

Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area born out of the peace park?s vision to establish a network of transfrontier Conservation ecology areas in Africa....
(Mozambique/South Africa/Swaziland)
Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation and Development Area
Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area

Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area was established on 11 June 2001 by linking the Sehlaba-Thebe National Park in the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Natal Drakensberg Park in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa....
(Lesotho/South Africa)
Iona - Skeleton Coast TFCA (Angola/Namibia)
Kavango - Zambezi TFCA (Angola/Botswana/Namibia/Zambia/Zimbabwe)
Malawi - Zambia TFCA (Malawi/Zambia)
Chimanimani TFCA (Mozambique / Zimbabwe)

Conceptual phase

Liuwa Plain - Kameia TFCA (Angola/Zambia)
Lower Zambezi - Mana Pools TFCA (Zambia/Zimbabwe)
Niassa Reserve
Niassa Reserve

Niassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over 42,000 km?, it is the largest protected area in the country....
- Selous
Selous Game Reserve

The Selous Game Reserve is one of the largest fauna reserves of the world, located in the south of Tanzania. It was named after Englishman Sir Frederick Selous, a famous big game hunter and early conservationist, who died in this territory in 1917 while fighting against the Germans during World War I....
TFCA (Mozambique/Tanzania)
Mnazi Bay - Quirimbas Transfrontier Marine Conservation Area (Mozambique / Tanzania)

The best known of these is the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. It links national park

National park

A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution....
s in South Africa

South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
, Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo River rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east....
and Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
and covers an area of 35,000km², including the famous Kruger National Park

Kruger National Park

Kruger National Park is the largest game reserve in South Africa. It covers 18,989 square km and extends 350 km from north to south and 60 km from east to west....
.

Americas

The Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park

Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park

The Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park is the name of the union of the Waterton Lakes National Park in Canada and the Glacier National Park in the United States....
across the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
/Canada

Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
border is the world's first "International Peace Park", formed by the merger of the Waterton Lakes

Waterton Lakes National Park

Waterton Lakes National Park is a national park located in the southwest corner of Alberta, Canada, and borders Glacier National Park in Montana, United States....
and Glacier National Parks in 1932. In contrast to other peace parks, the primary purpose of the union was to serve as a symbol of friendship and peace between the two countries.

The International Peace Garden

International Peace Garden

The International Peace Garden is a 3.65 sq. mi. park located on the border between Canada and the United States, in the state of North Dakota and the province of Manitoba....
was also established in 1932, another United States/Canada park with a similar purpose. It lies on the North Dakota

North Dakota

North Dakota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States and Western United States regions of the United States of America. North Dakota is the 19th largest state by area in the US; it is the 48th most populous, with just over 640,000 residents as of 2006....
/Manitoba

Manitoba

Manitoba is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 647,797 square kilometres and a population of 1,207,959 , with more than half located within the Winnipeg Capital Region ....
border.

Another United States/Canada peace park, Peace Arch Park

Peace Arch Park

Peace Arch Park is a park straddling the United States-Canadian Border at the extreme western end of the main contiguous section of the two countries' land border, where it reaches Semiahmoo Bay of Puget Sound on the continent's Pacific Coast....
, lies on the British Columbia

British Columbia

British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
/Washington

Washington

Washington is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington was carved out of the western part of Washington Territory which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty as settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute....
border, and is famous for the Peace Arch

Peace Arch

The Peace Arch is a monument situated on the Canada ? United States border between the communities of Blaine, Washington, Washington and Surrey, British Columbia, British Columbia....
, a large peace structure straddling the border itself.

Efforts are under way for a U.S./Mexico

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
international park with a similar purpose, joining the Big Bend National Park

Big Bend National Park

Big Bend National Park is a national park located in the U.S. state of Texas. For more than 1,000 miles , the Rio Grande forms the international boundary between Mexico and the United States, and Big Bend National Park administers approximately along that boundary....
in the United States with the Maderas del Carmen

Maderas del Carmen

Maderas del Carmen is a biosphere reserve in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila.Maderas del Carmen encompasses the Sierra del Carmen, a segment of the Sierra Madre Oriental range....
and Cañon de Santa Elena protected areas in Mexico, as well as a USA/Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
international park in the Bering Strait

Bering Strait

The Bering Strait is a sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the easternmost point of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska, the westernmost point of the North American continent, with latitude of about 65? 40' north, slightly south of the polar circle....
, highlighting the shared heritage of Russians and Americans of the area.

Acting under the recommendation of UNESCO

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945....
, the governments of Costa Rica

Costa Rica

Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
and Panama

Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
declared Parque Internacional La Amistad

La Amistad International Park

The La Amistad International Park, or in Spanish , formerly the La Amistad National Park, is an international peace park in Latin America, management of which is shared between Costa Rica and Panama, following a recommendation by UNESCO after the park's inclusion in the World Heritage Site list....
an international park in 1988.

Asia

Numerous other peace parks have been proposed throughout the world, such as in the demilitarized zone

Demilitarized zone

is an area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers , where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice, or other bilateral or multilateral agreement....
between North Korea

North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
and South Korea

South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
and the Siachen glacier region between India and Pakistan. Professor Saleem Ali

Saleem Ali

Saleem H. Ali is a Pakistani American scholar who is Associate Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Vermont's Rubenstein School of Natural Resources, where he has also served as Associate Dean for Graduate Education ....
, from the University of Vermont, is involved in this research.

Europe-Middle East

The European Green Belt is running along the former Iron Curtain is considered a Peace Park. A Peace Park has been established in the Red Sea between Israel and Jordan. A project for the Green Line Peace Park in Cyprus, between the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot Territories, is being researched by Dr. Anna Grichting, Harvard University.

External links

(PDF file)
(has a list of Adjoining Protected Areas)