Peace of Turin
Encyclopedia
The Peace of Turin signed on August 8, 1381, ended the War of Chioggia
, the last stage of the larger Venetian-Genoese War
. Neither the Republic of Venice
nor the Republic of Genoa
succeeded in gaining the upper hand, and Venice temporarily lost some territories. However, in fact Genoa was much more weakened, and Venice was emerging triumphant in its long struggle with Genoa over the Mediterranean commerce.
, the two sides made a peace treaty at Turin
. It gave no formal advantage to Genoa or Venice, and in fact Venice lost some territories: Conegliano
was occupied by Austria, Treviso
was taken over by the Carraresi, Tenedos
fell to Byzantine Empire
, Trieste
to the Patriarchate of Aquileia
, and Venice lost control of Dalmatia
as well (to Hungary).
The Peace of Turin consisted of four separate treaties. By the treaty between Venice and Hungary it was agreed that the Venetians should pay seven thousand ducats to the crown of Hungary every year, that the Hungarians on their side should not sail on any river which emptied into the Adriatic between Cape Palmentaria and Rimini
, and that Dalmatian merchants should not buy goods in Venice with a value greater than 35,000 ducats. It was arranged between Venice and Genoa that the island of Tenedos
was to be delivered to the Count of Savoy, and made uninhabitable; all buildings being razed to the ground. The Venetians promised not to support the king of Cyprus
.
Venice also signed treaties with Padua
and Trieste
. With Padua, however, it was agreed that conquests should be surrendered on both sides, and with Trieste, that Trieste should be free, paying a yearly tribute to the Doge
. The general results of the war had been to deprive Venice of its possessions on the mainland and to destroy Genoa's fleet and resources . The promise of admitting thirty families into the Great Council as a reward for their patriotism was kept .
. Genoa, devastated by the loss of its fleet, would not rise again; her shipping was not seen in the Adriatic after Turin. Venice was weakened by the war, but Genoa was crippled. Venice recovered much of its territorial losses over the next few decades, and made other gains. Even more crucially, in time, Venice used its monopoly
of the Mediterranean to rebuild itself, while Genoa, divided by internal struggles, remained in Venice's shadow.
War of Chioggia
The War of Chioggia was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant. It was a part of the larger Venetian-Genoese War which began in 1350.-Background:...
, the last stage of the larger Venetian-Genoese War
Venetian-Genoese War
The Venetian–Genoese Wars were a long-standing conflict between the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice for dominance in the eastern Mediterranean Sea between 1256 and 1381. It occurred in four spurts of open warfare. The first three were primarily naval conflicts, fought in the Eastern...
. Neither the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
nor the Republic of Genoa
Republic of Genoa
The Most Serene Republic of Genoa |Ligurian]]: Repúbrica de Zêna) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, as well as Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean....
succeeded in gaining the upper hand, and Venice temporarily lost some territories. However, in fact Genoa was much more weakened, and Venice was emerging triumphant in its long struggle with Genoa over the Mediterranean commerce.
Provisions
Through the mediation of the "Green Count" of Savoy, Amadeus VIAmadeus VI, Count of Savoy
Amadeus VI , nicknamed the Green Count was Count of Savoy from 1343 to 1383. He was the eldest son of Aimone, Count of Savoy and Yolande of Montferrat....
, the two sides made a peace treaty at Turin
Turin
Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
. It gave no formal advantage to Genoa or Venice, and in fact Venice lost some territories: Conegliano
Conegliano
Conegliano is a town and comune of the Veneto region, Italy, in the province of Treviso, about north by rail from the town of Treviso. The population of the city is of around 36,000 people. The remains of a castle that was built in the 10th century remain on a nearby hill...
was occupied by Austria, Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
was taken over by the Carraresi, Tenedos
Tenedos
Tenedos or Bozcaada or Bozdja-Ada is a small island in the Aegean Sea, part of the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey. , Tenedos has a population of about 2,354. The main industries are tourism, wine production and fishing...
fell to Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
, Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
to the Patriarchate of Aquileia
Patriarchate of Aquileia
The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an early center of Christianity, an historical state and catholic episcopal see, and today a catholic titular see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian sea-coast, at the...
, and Venice lost control of Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
as well (to Hungary).
The Peace of Turin consisted of four separate treaties. By the treaty between Venice and Hungary it was agreed that the Venetians should pay seven thousand ducats to the crown of Hungary every year, that the Hungarians on their side should not sail on any river which emptied into the Adriatic between Cape Palmentaria and Rimini
Rimini
Rimini is a medium-sized city of 142,579 inhabitants in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia and Ausa...
, and that Dalmatian merchants should not buy goods in Venice with a value greater than 35,000 ducats. It was arranged between Venice and Genoa that the island of Tenedos
Tenedos
Tenedos or Bozcaada or Bozdja-Ada is a small island in the Aegean Sea, part of the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey. , Tenedos has a population of about 2,354. The main industries are tourism, wine production and fishing...
was to be delivered to the Count of Savoy, and made uninhabitable; all buildings being razed to the ground. The Venetians promised not to support the king of Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
.
Venice also signed treaties with Padua
Padua
Padua is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 . The city is sometimes included, with Venice and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, having...
and Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
. With Padua, however, it was agreed that conquests should be surrendered on both sides, and with Trieste, that Trieste should be free, paying a yearly tribute to the Doge
Doge
Doge is a dialectal Italian word that descends from the Latin dux , meaning "leader", especially in a military context. The wife of a Doge is styled a Dogaressa....
. The general results of the war had been to deprive Venice of its possessions on the mainland and to destroy Genoa's fleet and resources . The promise of admitting thirty families into the Great Council as a reward for their patriotism was kept .
Long term outcome
Whilst on the first glance the treaty didn't look very favorable to Venice, in fact it spelled the successful end of Venice's long competition with Genoa, for which the treaty was at best a Pyrrhic victoryPyrrhic victory
A Pyrrhic victory is a victory with such a devastating cost to the victor that it carries the implication that another such victory will ultimately cause defeat.-Origin:...
. Genoa, devastated by the loss of its fleet, would not rise again; her shipping was not seen in the Adriatic after Turin. Venice was weakened by the war, but Genoa was crippled. Venice recovered much of its territorial losses over the next few decades, and made other gains. Even more crucially, in time, Venice used its monopoly
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...
of the Mediterranean to rebuild itself, while Genoa, divided by internal struggles, remained in Venice's shadow.