Paul of Venice
Encyclopedia
Paul of Venice (1368–1428) was a Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...

 Scholastic philosopher, theologian, and logician of the Hermits of the Order of Saint Augustine.

Life

He was born, according to the chroniclers of his order, at Udine
Udine
Udine is a city and comune in northeastern Italy, in the middle of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic sea and the Alps , less than 40 km from the Slovenian border. Its population was 99,439 in 2009, and that of its urban area was 175,000.- History :Udine is the historical...

, about 1368 and died at Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...

 on June 15, 1428, as Paolo Nicoletti. He joined the Augustinian order at around 14, at the convent of Santo Stefano in Venice. In 1390 he is said to have been sent to Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...

 for his studies in theology, but returned to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

, and finished his course at Padua
Padua
Padua is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 . The city is sometimes included, with Venice and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, having...

. He lectured in the University at Padua during the first quarter of the fifteenth century.

Paul was one of the theologians called to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...

 in 1427 by Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna, was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism .-Biography:...

, to take cognizance of the charges brought against St. Bernardino of Siena
Bernardino of Siena
Saint Bernardino of Siena, O.F.M., was an Italian priest, Franciscan missionary, and is a Catholic saint.-Early life:...

, occasioned by Bernardino's use of inscriptions of the name of Jesus in worship.

Nominalism

With regard to the problem of universals
Problem of universals
The problem of universals is an ancient problem in metaphysics about whether universals exist. Universals are general or abstract qualities, characteristics, properties, kinds or relations, such as being male/female, solid/liquid/gas or a certain colour, that can be predicated of individuals or...

 he adhered to nominalism
Nominalism
Nominalism is a metaphysical view in philosophy according to which general or abstract terms and predicates exist, while universals or abstract objects, which are sometimes thought to correspond to these terms, do not exist. Thus, there are at least two main versions of nominalism...

, and referred to words as nothing more than "flatus voci".

Works

His writings, aside from any question of their present worth, show a wide knowledge and interest in the scientific
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...

 problems of his time.

Besides the usual lectures on the four books of Sentences, sermons, and instructions, he wrote De Conceptione B. Mariae Virginis, De quadratura circuli, De circulis componentibus mundum, Logica parva and Logica magna. This last, also known as Logica Duplex, was largely used as a textbook during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and was several times reprinted.

English translations

  • Logica Parva. München: Philosophia Verlag 1984.

Translation of the 1472 Edition with introduction and notes by Alan R. Perreiah.
  • Logica Magna. Tractatus de suppositionibus. St. Bonaventure: Franciscan Institute 1971.

Edited and translated by Alan R. Perreiah
  • Logica Magna. Part I Fascicule 1: Tractatus de termini. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1979.

Edited with an English translation and notes by Norman Kretzmann.
  • Logica Magna. Part I Fascicule 7: Tractatus De scire et dubitare. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1981.

Edited with an English translation and notes by Patricia Clarke.
  • Logica Magna. Part I Fascicule 8: Tractatus De necessitate et contingentia futurorum. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1991.

Edited with an English translation and notes by C. J. F. Williams.
  • Logica Magna. Part II Fascicule 3: Tractatus De hypotheticis. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1990.

Edited with an English translation and notes by Alexander Broadie.
  • Logica Magna. Part II Fascicule 4: Capitula De conditionali et de rationali. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1990.

Edited with an English translation and notes by George Edward Hughes.
  • Logica Magna. Part II Fascicule 6: Tractatus de veritate et falsitate propositionis et Tractatus de significato propositionis. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1978.

Edited with notes on the sources by Francesco del Punta; translated into English with explanatory notes by Marilyn McCord Adams.
  • Logica Magna. Part II Fascicule 8: Tractatus De obligationibus. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1988.

Edited with an English translation and notes by E. Jennifer Ashworth.

See also

  • Problem of universals
    Problem of universals
    The problem of universals is an ancient problem in metaphysics about whether universals exist. Universals are general or abstract qualities, characteristics, properties, kinds or relations, such as being male/female, solid/liquid/gas or a certain colour, that can be predicated of individuals or...

  • Nominalism
    Nominalism
    Nominalism is a metaphysical view in philosophy according to which general or abstract terms and predicates exist, while universals or abstract objects, which are sometimes thought to correspond to these terms, do not exist. Thus, there are at least two main versions of nominalism...

  • Realism (philosophy)
  • Flatus voci
  • William of Ockham
    William of Ockham
    William of Ockham was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of...

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