and other ecclesiastical writers published by Jacques-Paul Migne between 1844 and 1855, with indices published between 1862 and 1865.
Although consisting of reprints of old editions, which often contain mistakes and do not comply with modern standards of scholarship, the series, due to its availability (it is present in many academic libraries) and the fact that it incorporates many texts of which no modern critical edition is available, is still widely used by scholars of the
. The
to Innocent III, from 1849 to 1855. Although the collection ends in 1216, after the death of Innocent III, Migne originally wanted to include documents all the way up to the
; this task proved too great, but some later commentaries or documents associated with earlier works were included.
were destroyed by fire in 1868, but with help from the Garnier printing house they were restored and new editions were printed, beginning in the 1880s. These reprints did not always correspond exactly with the original series either in quality or internal arrangement, and caution should be exercised when referencing to the
, with the volume(s) in which they appear, some at least as notable for their own deeds/actions as for their works.
Most of the works are ecclesiastic in nature, but there are also documents of literary, historical or linguistic (such as the
bible in vol. 18) interest.
| Vol. |
Authors |
| 1–2 |
Tertullian Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicised as Tertullian , was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa. He is the first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature. He also was a notable early Christian apologist and...
us |
| 3–5 |
Minucius Felix, Dionysius Alexandrinus, Cornelius papaPope Saint Cornelius was pope from his election on 6 or 13 March 251 to his martyrdom in June 253.- Christian persecution :Emperor Decius, who ruled from 249 to 251 AD, persecuted Christians in the Roman Empire rather sporadically and locally, but starting January in the year 250, he ordered all...
, Novatianus, Stephanus IPope Saint Stephen I served as Bishop of Rome from 12 May 254 to 2 August 257.Of Roman birth but of Greek ancestry, he became bishop of Rome in 254, having served as archdeacon of Pope Lucius I, who appointed Stephen his successor....
, Cyprianus CarthaginensisCyprian was bishop of Carthage and an important Early Christian writer, many of whose Latin works are extant. He was born around the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage, where he received a classical education...
, Arnobius AferArnobius of Sicca was an Early Christian apologist, during the reign of Diocletian . According to Jerome's Chronicle, Arnobius, before his conversion, was a distinguished Numidian rhetorician at Sicca Veneria , a major Christian center in Proconsular Africa, and owed his conversion to a...
, Dionysius Alexandrinus, Commodianus GazaeusCommodianus was a Christian Latin poet, who flourished about AD 250.The only ancient writers who mention him are Gennadius, presbyter of Massilia , in his De scriptoribus ecclesiasticis, and Pope Gelasius in De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis, in which his works are classed as Apocryphi,...
|
| 6–7 |
Lactantius Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I, guiding his religious policy as it developed, and tutor to his son.-Biography:...
|
| 8 |
Constantinus IConstantine the Great , also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, Constantine and co-Emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of all...
, Victorinus Petavionensis |
| 9–10 |
Hilarius PictaviensisHilary of Poitiers was Bishop of Poitiers and is a Doctor of the Church. He was sometimes referred to as the "Hammer of the Arians" and the "Athanasius of the West." His name comes from the Latin word for happy or cheerful. His optional memorial in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints is 13...
|
| 11 |
Zeno VeronensisZeno of Verona was either an early Christian Bishop of Verona or martyr. He is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and in Eastern Orthodox Church.-Life and historicity:...
, Optatus MilevitanusSaint Optatus, sometimes anglicized as St. Optate, was Bishop of Milevis, in Numidia, in the fourth century, remembered for his writings against Donatism.-Biography and context:Optatus was a convert, as we gather from St...
|
| 12 |
Eusebius VercellensisEusebius of Vercelli was a bishop and saint in Italy. Along with Athanasius, he affirmed the divinity of Jesus against Arianism.-Biography:...
, Firmicus MaternusJulius Firmicus Maternus was a Christian Latin writer and notable astrologer, who lived in the reign of Constantine I and his successors.-Life and works:...
|
| 13 |
DamasusPope Saint Damasus I was the bishop of Rome from 366 to 384.He was born around 305, probably near the city of Idanha-a-Velha , in what is present-day Portugal, then part of the Western Roman Empire...
, PacianSaint Pacian was a bishop of Barcelona during the fourth century. He was bishop from about 365 AD to 391 AD, succeeding Praetextatus , who had attended a church council at Sardica in 347 AD and who is the first recorded bishop of Barcelona.Considered a Father of the Church, Pacian is eulogized...
us, Lucifer CalaritanusLucifer Calaritanus was a bishop of Cagliari in Sardinia known for his passionate opposition to Arianism. He is venerated as a Saint in Sardinia, though his status remains controversial.-Life:...
|
| 14–17 |
Ambrosius Mediolanensis |
| 18 |
Ulfilas Gothorum Ulfilas, or Gothic Wulfila , bishop, missionary, and Bible translator, was a Goth or half-Goth and half-Greek from Cappadocia who had spent time inside the Roman Empire at the peak of the Arian controversy. Ulfilas was ordained a bishop by Eusebius of Nicomedia and returned to his people to work...
, SymmachusSaint Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514. His tenure was marked by a serious schism over who was legitimately elected pope by the citizens of Rome....
, Martinus TuronensisMartin of Tours was a Bishop of Tours whose shrine became a famous stopping-point for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela. Around his name much legendary material accrued, and he has become one of the most familiar and recognizable Christian saints...
, Tichonius |
| 19 |
Juvencus Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Juvencus, known as Juvencus or Juvenk, was a Roman Spanish Christian and composer of Latin poetry in the 4th century.-Life:...
, Sedulius CoeliusCoelius Sedulius, was a Christian poet of the first half of the 5th century. He is termed a presbyter by Isidore of Seville and in the Gelasian decree....
, OptatianusPublilius Optatianus Porfirius was a Latin poet, possibly a native of Africa.He flourished during the 4th century. Porfirius has been identified with Publilius Optatianus, who was praefectus urbi , and is by some authorities included amongst the Christian poets...
, Severus Rhetor, Faltonia ProbaFaltonia Betitia Proba was a Latin Roman Christian poetess, possibly the most influential Latin poetess of Late Antiquity....
|
| 20 |
Sulpicius Severus Sulpicius Severus was a Christian writer and native of Aquitania. He is known for his chronicle of sacred history, as well as his biography of Saint Martin of Tours.-Life:...
, Paulinus Mediolanensis, Faustus Manichaeus, Innocentius I-Biography:He was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocens of Albano; but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I , whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to succeed -Biography:He was,...
|
| 21 |
Rufinus Aquileiensis Tyrannius Rufinus or Rufinus of Aquileia was a monk, historian, and theologian. He is most known as a translator of Greek patristic material into Latin—especially the work of Origen.-Life:...
, Pelagius haeresiarchaPelagius was an ascetic who denied the need for divine aid in performing good works. For him, the only grace necessary was the declaration of the law; humans were not wounded by Adam's sin and were perfectly able to fulfill the law apart from any divine aid...
|
| 22–30 |
Hieronymus StridonensisSaint Jerome was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia...
|
| 31 |
Flavius Lucius Dexter Flavius Lucius Dexter was a figure of the late fourth century, reported as a historian, and a friend of St Jerome. He was the son of St Pacian, an imperial office-holder, and dedicatee of a work of Jerome, the De Viris Illustribus....
, Paulus Orosius |
| 32–47 |
Augustinus HipponensisAugustine of Hippo , also known as Augustine, St. Augustine, St. Austin, St. Augoustinos, Blessed Augustine, or St. Augustine the Blessed, was Bishop of Hippo Regius . He was a Latin-speaking philosopher and theologian who lived in the Roman Africa Province...
|
| 48 |
Marius Mercator Marius Mercator was a Catholic ecclesiastical writer.In 417 or 418 he was in Rome where he wrote two anti-Pelagian treatises, which he submitted to Augustine of Hippo...
|
| 49–50 |
Joannes Cassianus |
| 51 |
Prosper Aquitanus Saint Prosper of Aquitaine , a Christian writer and disciple of Saint Augustine of Hippo, was the first continuator of Jerome's Universal Chronicle.- Life :...
|
| 52 |
Petrus Chrysologus Peter Chrysologus was Bishop of Ravenna from about AD 433 until his death. He is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church and was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XIII in 1729.-Life:...
|
| 53 |
Mamertus Claudianus Claudianus Mamertus was a Gallo-Roman theologian and the brother of St. Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne.Descended probably from one of the leading families of the country, Claudianus Mamertus relinquished his worldly goods and embraced the monastic life...
, Salvianus MassiliensisSalvian, was a Christian writer of the fifth century, born probably at Cologne, some time between 400 and 405.-Personal life:Salvian was educated at the school of Treves and seems to have been brought up as a Christian...
, Arnobius juniorArnobius , Christian priest or bishop in Gaul, flourished about 460.He is the author of a mystical and allegorical commentary on the Psalms, first published by Erasmus in 1522, and by him attributed to the elder Arnobius....
, Patricius HiberniaeSaint Patrick was a Romano-Briton and Christian missionary, who is the most generally recognized patron saint of Ireland or the Apostle of Ireland, although Brigid of Kildare and Colmcille are also formally patron saints....
|
| 54–56 |
Leo IPope Leo I was pope from September 29, 440 to his death.He was an Italian aristocrat, and is the first pope of the Catholic Church to have been called "the Great". He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun in 452, persuading him to turn back from his invasion of Italy...
|
| 57 |
Maximus TaurinensisSaint Maximus of Turin was a bishop and theological writer. Maximus is believed to have been a native of Rhaetia.-Veneration:His name is in the Roman martyrology on 25 June, and the city of Turin honours him as its patron saint. A life which, however, is entirely unreliable, was written after the...
|
| 58 |
Hilarus papaPope Saint Hilarius was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 461 to February 28, 468. He was canonized as a saint after his death....
, Simplicius papaPope Saint Simplicius was Pope from 468 to March 10, 483.He was born in Tivoli, Italy, the son of a citizen named Castinus. Most of what is known of him is derived from the Liber Pontificalis....
, Felix IIIPope Saint Felix III was pope from March 13, 483 to january 3, 492. His repudiation of the Henoticon is considered the beginning of the Acacian schism.-Biography:...
|
| 59 |
Gelasius I Pope Saint Gelasius I was pope from 492 until his death in 496. He was the third and last bishop of Rome of African origin in the Catholic Church. Gelasius was a prolific writer whose style placed him on the cusp between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages...
, Avitus ViennensisAlcimus Ecdicius Avitus was a Latin poet and archbishop of Vienne in Gaul.Avitus was born of a prominent Gallo-Roman senatorial family in the kinship of Emperor Avitus.-Life:...
, FaustinusSaint Faustinus was bishop of Brescia from c.360, succeeding Saint Ursicinus. His feast day is 16 February.Tradition claims that he was a descendant of Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and that he compiled the Acts of these two martyrs....
|
| 60 |
Aurelius Prudentius, Dracontius |
| 61 |
Paulinus Nolanus Saint Paulinus of Nola, also known as Pontificus Meropius Anicius Paulinus was a Roman senator who converted to a severe monasticism in 394...
, Orientius- Biography and work :He wrote the elegiac poem Commonitorium of 1036 verses describing the way to heaven, with warnings against its hindrances...
, Auspicius Tullensis |
| 62 |
Paschasius Diaconus, Sanctus Symmachus, Petrus Diaconus Peter the Deacon was the librarian of the abbey of Montecassino and continuator of the Chronicon Monasterii Casinensis, usually called the Montecassino Chronicle in English. The chronicle was originally written by Leo of Ostia...
, Virgilius Tapsensis, Leo I Magnus, Concilium Chalcedonense, Athanasius, Rusticus Helpidius, Eugyppius Africae |
| 63 |
BoetiusAnicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, commonly called Boethius was a philosopher of the early 6th century. He was born in Rome to an ancient and important family which included emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius and many consuls. His father, Flavius Manlius Boethius, was consul in 487 after...
, Ennodius FelixFelix Ennodius was a Proconsul of Africa in ca 420 or 423.His father, born ca 380, might have been the son of Ennodius, Proconsul of Africa. He might have been Flavius Constantius Felix , Consul of Rome in 428, who married Padusia and was an ancestor of Felix, Consul in 511 . His mother Felix...
, Trifolius presbyterTrifolius was a Christian theologian of the sixth century. He is known for his Epistula ad beatum Faustum senatorem contra Ioannem Scytham monachum of 519/20, written to the Roman senator Faustus. It is a report on the beliefs of the Scythian monks, putting those in the context of other views...
, Hormisdas IPope Saint Hormisdas was Pope from July 20, 514 to 523. His papacy was dominated by the Acacian schism, started in 484 by Acacius of Constantinople's efforts to placate the Monophysites...
, ElpisIn Greek mythology, Elpis was the personification of hope , perhaps a child of Nyx and mother of Pheme, the goddess of fame, renown and rumor. She was depicted as a young woman, usually carrying flowers or cornucopia in her hands...
|
| 64 |
BoetiusAnicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, commonly called Boethius was a philosopher of the early 6th century. He was born in Rome to an ancient and important family which included emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius and many consuls. His father, Flavius Manlius Boethius, was consul in 487 after...
|
| 65 |
Fulgentius Ruspensis Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe was bishop of the city of Ruspe, North Africa, in the 5th and 6th century who was canonized as a Christian saint...
, Felix IVPope Saint Felix IV was pope from 526 to 530.He came from Samnium, the son of one Castorius. Following the death of Pope John I at the hands of the Ostrogoth King Theodoric the Great, the papal voters gave in to the king's demands and chose Cardinal Felix as Pope...
, Bonifacius IIPope Boniface II was pope from 530 to 532.He was by birth an Ostrogoth, the first Germanic pope, and he owed his appointment to the influence of the Gothic king Athalaric. Boniface was chosen by his predecessor, Pope Felix IV, who had been a strong adherent of the Arian king, and was never elected...
|
| 66 |
Benedictus pater monachorum OccidentaliumSaint Benedict of Nursia is a Christian saint, honored by the Roman Catholic Church as the patron saint of Europe and students.Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at Subiaco, about to the east of Rome, before moving to Monte Cassino in the mountains of southern Italy. There is no...
|
| 67 |
Dionysius ExiguusDionysius Exiguus was a 6th-century monk born in Scythia Minor, modern Dobruja shared by Romania and Bulgaria. He was a member of the Scythian monks community concentrated in Tomis, the major city of Scythia Minor...
, Viventiolus LugdunensisSaint Viventiolus was the Archbishop of Lyon , from the year of 514. Later canonized, his Feast Day is July 12. He was the son of Aquilinus , Nobleman at Lyon, schoolfellow and friend of Sidonius Apollinaris, the grandson of ... of Lyon Saint Viventiolus (460 – July 12, 524) was the...
, Trojanus Santonensis, Pontianus AfricaePontianus was a sixth century bishop from an African diocese , who was a figure in the Three-Chapter Controversy.He wrote a critical letter to Emperor Justinian in 544-5,in reply to a request for his signature to an edict of condemnation...
, Caesarius Arelatensis, Fulgentius FerrandusFulgentius Ferrandus was a canonist and theologian of the African Church in the first half of the 6th century.-Biography:He was a deacon of Carthage and probably accompanied his master and patron, Fulgentius of Ruspe, to exile in Sardinia, when the bishops of the African Church were banished from...
|
| 68 |
Primasius Adrumetanus, Arator Arator was a sixth century Christian poet from Liguria in northwestern Italy. His best known work, De Actibus Apostolorum, is a verse history of the Apostles.-Biography:...
, Nicetius TrevirensisSaint Nicetius was a bishop of Trier, born in the latter part of the fifth century, exact date unknown; died in 563 or more probably 566....
, Aurelianus Arelatensis |
| 69–70 |
Cassiodorus Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator , commonly known as Cassiodorus, was a Roman statesman and writer, serving in the administration of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. Senator was part of his surname, not his rank.- Life :Cassiodorus was born at Scylletium, near Catanzaro in...
|
| 71 |
Gregorius TuronensisSaint Gregory of Tours was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours, which made him a leading prelate of Gaul. He was born Georgius Florentius, later adding the name Gregorius in honour of his maternal great-grandfather...
|
| 72 |
Pelagius IIPope Pelagius II was Pope from 579 to 590.He was a native of Rome, but probably of Ostrogothic descent, as his father's name was Winigild.Pelagius appealed for help from Emperor Maurice against the Lombards, but the Byzantines were of little help, forcing Pelagius to "buy" a truce and turn to the...
, Joannes IIPope John II was pope from 533 to 535.He was the son of a certain Projectus, born in Rome and a priest of the Basilica di San Clemente on the Caelian Hill. He was made pope January 2, 533. The basilica of St. Clement still retains several memorials of "Johannes surnamed Mercurius"...
, Benedictus IPope Benedict I was pope from June 2, 575 to July 30, 579.Benedict was the son of a man named Bonifacius, and was called Bonosus by the Greeks. The ravages of the Lombards rendered it very difficult to communicate with the Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, who claimed the privilege of confirming...
|
| 73–74 |
Vitae Patrum |
| 75–78 |
Gregorius IPope Gregory I , better known in English as Gregory the Great, was pope from 3 September 590 until his death...
|
| 79 |
Eutropius Episcopus Eutropius of Valencia was a Spanish bishop. It was not till 589 that he became Bishop of Valencia, and his death cannot be set down earlier than 610. These are the dates found in Enrique Florez. Nothing is known of his work during his episcopacy...
, Gregorius IPope Gregory I , better known in English as Gregory the Great, was pope from 3 September 590 until his death...
, PateriusSaint Paterius was a bishop of Brescia. He is known as a compiler, in particular of works of Pope Gregory I, for whom he worked as a notary.His works are Liber testimoniorum veteris testamenti, and others.-References:...
(Notarius Gregorii I), Alulfus Tornacensis |
| 80 |
Auctores VI-VII saec. (Maximus Caesaraugustanus Episcopus, Eutropius Episcopus Eutropius of Valencia was a Spanish bishop. It was not till 589 that he became Bishop of Valencia, and his death cannot be set down earlier than 610. These are the dates found in Enrique Florez. Nothing is known of his work during his episcopacy...
, Tarra Monachus, Dinothus Abbas, Dynamus Patricius, Augustinus Apostolus Anglorum, SS Bonifacius IV, Concilium Romanum III, Bulgaranus, Paulus Emeritanus Diaconus, Tamaius De Vargas. Thomas, Gondemarus Rex Gothorum, Marcus Cassinensis, Warnaharius Lingonensis Episcopus, Columbanus Hibernus, Alphanus Beneventianus Episcopus, Aileranus Scoto Hibernus, Ethelbertus Anglorum, SS Adeodatus I, Sisebutus Gothorum, Bertichramnus Cenomanensis, Protandius Vesuntinus Archiepiscopus, SS Bonifacius V, Sonniatus Rhemensis Archiepiscopus, Verus Ruthenensis Episcopus, Chlotarius II Francorum Rex, SS Honorius I, Dagobertus Francorum Rex, Hadoinudus Cenomanensis Episcopus, Sulpicius Bituricensis Episcopus, Autbertus Cameracensis, SS Ioannes IV, Eutrandus Ticinensis Diaconus, Victor Carthaginensis Episcopus, Braulio Caesaraugustiani, Taio Caesaraugustianus Episcopus) |
| 81–84 |
Isidorus HispalensisSaint Isidore of Seville served as Archbishop of Seville for more than three decades and is considered, as the historian Montalembert put it in an oft-quoted phrase, "le dernier savant du monde ancien"...
|
| 85–86 |
Liturgia Mozarabica The Mozarabic, Visigothic, or Hispanic Rite is a form of Catholic worship within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, and in the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church . Its beginning dates to the 7th century, and is localized in the Iberian Peninsula...
|
| 87 |
Auctores VII saec. |
| 88 |
Venantius FortunatusVenantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus was a Latin poet and hymnodist in the Merovingian Court, and a Bishop of the early Catholic Church. He was never canonised but was venerated as Saint Venantius Fortunatus during the Middle Ages.-Life:Venantius Fortunatus was born between 530 and 540 A.D....
, Crisconius Africanus |
| 89 |
Sergius IPope Saint Sergius I was pope from 687 to 701. Selected to end a schism between Antipope Paschal and Antipope Theodore, Sergius I ended the last disputed sede vacante of the Byzantine Papacy....
, Joannes VIPope John VI was a Greek pope from Ephesus who reigned during the Byzantine Papacy from October 30, 701 to January 11, 705. His papacy was noted for military and political breakthroughs on the Italian peninsula. He succeeded to the papal chair two months after the death of Pope Sergius I, and his...
, Felix Ravennatensis, Bonifacius Moguntinus |
| 90–95 |
BedaBede , also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede , was a monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth, today part of Sunderland, England, and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow , both in the Kingdom of Northumbria...
|
| 96 |
Hildefonsus ToletanusSaint Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was the metropolitan bishop of Toledo from 657 until his death. He was a Visigoth and his Gothic name was Hildefuns, which evolved into the Castilian name Alfonso. Ildefonsus, however, is known as San Ildefonso in Castilian and there are several places named after him...
, Julianus ToletanusJulian of Toledo was born to Jewish parents in Toledo, Hispania, but raised Christian. He was well educated at the cathedral school, was a monk and later abbot at Agali, a spiritual student of Saint Eugene II, and archbishop of Toledo...
, Leo II-Background and early activity in the Church:He was a Sicilian by birth , and succeeded Agatho. Though elected pope a few days after the death of St. Agatho , he was not consecrated till after the lapse of a year and seven months...
|
| 97–98 |
Carolus MagnusCharlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
, Ludovicus I, LothariusLothair I or Lothar I was the Emperor of the Romans , co-ruling with his father until 840, and the King of Bavaria , Italy and Middle Francia...
, Rudolphus I |
| 99 |
Paulinus Aquileiensis Saint Paulinus II , was a northern Italian bishop, theologian, poet, and scholar of the Carolingian Renaissance.-Early life:...
, Theodorus CantuariensisTheodore was the eighth Archbishop of Canterbury, best known for his reform of the English Church and establishment of a school in Canterbury....
|
| 100–101 |
AlcuinAlcuin of York or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus was an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York...
us |
| 102 |
Smaragdus S. Michaelis |
| 103 |
Benedictus Anianensis Saint Benedict of Aniane , born Witiza and called the Second Benedict, was a Benedictine monk and monastic reformer, who left a large imprint on the religious practice of the Carolingian Empire...
, Sedulius Scotus |
| 104 |
Agobardus LugdunensisAgobard of Lyon was a Spanish-born priest and archbishop of Lyon, during the Carolingian Renaissance. The author of multiple treatises, ranging in subject matter from the iconoclast controversy to Spanish Adoptionism to critiques of the Carolingian royal family, Agobard is best known for his...
, EginhardusEinhard was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, "one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages."-Public life:Einhard was from the eastern...
, Claudius TaurinensisClaudius of Turin was the Catholic bishop of Turin from 817 until his death. He was a courtier of Louis the Pious and was a writer during the Carolingian Renaissance. He is most noted for teaching iconoclasm, a radical idea at that time in Latin Church, and for some teachings that prefigured...
, Ludovicus PiusLouis the Pious , also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781. He was also King of the Franks and co-Emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813...
|
| 105 |
Theodulfus Aurelianensis Theodulf of Orléans , was the Bishop of Orléans during the reign of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious...
, Eigil Fuldensis, Dungalus reclususThe Irish monk Dungal lived at Saint-Denis, Pavia and Bobbio. He wrote a poem on wisdom and the seven liberal arts and advised Charlemagne on astronomical matters. He died after 827, probably at the Monastery of Bobbio...
, Ermoldus NigellusErmoldus Nigellus or Niger, translated Ermold the Black, also Ermoald, was a monk of Aquitaine, who accompanied King Pippin, son of the Emperor Louis I, on a campaign into Brittany in 824....
, Symphosius Amalarius |
| 106 |
Gregorius IVPope Gregory IV was chosen to succeed Valentine in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner....
, Sergius IIPope Sergius II was Pope from January 844 – January 24, 847.On the death of Gregory IV the archdeacon John was proclaimed pope by popular acclamation, while the nobility elected Sergius, a Roman of noble birth. The opposition was suppressed, with Sergius intervening to save John's life...
, Jonas AurelianensisJonas was Bishop of Orléans and played a major political role during the reign of Emperor Louis the Pious.Jonas was born in Aquitaine. Probably a cleric by the 780s, he served at the court of Louis the Pious, who ruled as King of Aquitaine during the reign of his father, Charlemagne. In 817,...
, Freculphus LexoviensisFreculphus, also known as Freculphus Lexoviensis or Freculphus of Lisieux, was a Frankish Bishop of Lisieux, between 825 and 851, but is now known for his Chronicle, which is a source of information about the conversion of Gaul and Frankish history....
, Frotharius Tullensis |
| 107–112 |
Rabanus MaurusRabanus Maurus Magnentius , also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, the archbishop of Mainz in Germany and a theologian. He was the author of the encyclopaedia De rerum naturis . He also wrote treatises on education and grammar and commentaries on the Bible...
|
| 113–114 |
Walafridus Strabo Walafrid, alternatively spelt Walahfrid, surnamed Strabo , was a Frankish monk and theological writer.-Theological works:...
, the Glossa OrdinariaThe Glossa ordinaria , Lat., "the ordinary gloss/interpretation/explanation", was an assembly of glosses, from the Church Fathers and thereafter, printed in the margins of the Vulgate Bible; these were widely used in the education system of Christendom in Cathedral schools from the Carolingian...
|
| 115 |
Leo IVPope Saint Leo IV was pope from 10 April 847 to 17 July 855.A Roman by birth, he was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. When he was elected, on 10 April 847, he was cardinal of Santi Quattro Coronati, and had been subdeacon of Gregory IV and archpriest under his predecessor...
, Benedictus IIIPope Benedict III was Pope from September 29, 855 to April 17, 858.Little is known of Benedict's life before his papacy. He was educated and lived in Rome and was cardinal priest of S. Callisto at the time of his election. Benedict had a reputation for learning and piety. He was elected upon the...
, Eulogius Toletanus, Prudentius Trecensis, Angelomus Lexoviensis |
| 116–118 |
Haymo Halberstatensis |
| 119 |
Nicolaus IPope Nicholas I, , or Saint Nicholas the Great, reigned from April 24, 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority and power, exerting decisive influence upon the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe.He...
, Florus Lugdunensis, Lupus Ferrariensis |
| 120 |
Paschasius Radbertus St. Paschasius Radbertus , was a Frankish Benedictine monk, theologian, and Abbot of Corbie who wrote numerous treatises, expositions and biographies during the Frankish Carolingian era. His feast day is April 26.-Life:...
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| 121 |
Ratramnus Corbeiensis Ratramnus, a Frankish monk of the monastery of Corbie, was a Carolingian theologian known best for his writings on the Eucharist and predestination. His Eucharistic treatise, De corpora et sanguine Domini , was a counterpoint to his abbot Paschasius Radbertus’ realist Eucharistic theology...
, Aeneas Parisiensis, Remigius Lugdunensis, Wandalbertus Prumiensis, Paulus Alvarus CordubensisÁlvaro of Córdoba was a Mozarab Scriptural scholar, theologian, and poet of the 9th century. His friend and contemporary, Saint Eulogius of Cordoba, called him an "illustrious scholar and in our time a fluid and abundant fountain of knowledge."Alvarus wrote the life of his friend Eulogius ....
, Gotteschalcus OrbacensisGottschalk of Orbais was a Saxon theologian, monk and poet who is best known for being an early advocate of the doctrine of two-fold predestination...
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| 122 |
Joannes Scotus Johannes Scotus Eriugena was an Irish theologian, Neoplatonist philosopher, and poet. He is known for having translated and made commentaries upon the work of Pseudo-Dionysius.-Name:...
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| 123 |
Ado Viennensis Ado , archbishop of Vienne in Lotharingia, belonged to a famous Frankish house, and spent much of his middle life in Italy. He held his archiepiscopal seat from 850 till his death on the 16 December 874. Several of his letters are extant and reveal their writer as an energetic man of wide...
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| 124 |
Usuardus Sangermanii, Carolus II Calvus Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith.-Struggle against his brothers:He was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfurt, when his elder...
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| 125–126 |
Hincmarus Rhemensis Hincmar , archbishop of Reims, the friend, advisor and propagandist of Charles the Bald, was one of the most remarkable figures in the ecclesiastical history of the Carolingian period...
|
| 127–129 |
Anastasius bibliothecarius Anastasius Bibliothecarius was Head of archives and antipope of the Roman Catholic Church.- Family and education :...
|
| 130 |
Isidorus Mercator |
| 131 |
Remigius Antissiodorensis Remigius of Auxerre was a Benedictine monk during the Carolingian period, a teacher of Latin grammar, and a prolific author of commentaries on classical Greek and Latin texts...
, Notkerus BalbulusNotker the Stammerer , also called Notker the Poet or Notker of Saint Gall, was a musician, author, poet, and Benedictine monk at the Abbey of Saint Gall in modern Switzerland...
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| 132 |
Regino Prumiensis Reginon or Regino of Prüm was a Benedictine abbot and medieval chronicler.-Biography:According to the statements of a later era, Regino was the son of noble parents and was born at the stronghold of Altrip on the Rhine near Speyer at an unknown date...
, Hucbaldus S. AmandiHucbald was a Frankish music theorist, composer, teacher, writer, hagiographer, and Benedictine monk...
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| 133 |
Odo Cluniacensis Saint Odo of Cluny , a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, was the second abbot of Cluny. He enacted various reforms in the Cluniac monastery system of France and Italy....
|
| 134 |
Atto Vercellensis Atto was a Frankish monk and theologian who became Bishop of Vercelli , then in the Kingdom of Italy. Atto was the son of a certain viscount Aldegarius...
|
| 135 |
Flodoardus Remensis -Biography:He was born at Épernay, and educated at Reims in the cathedral school which had been established by Archbishop Fulcon .As canon of Reims, and favourite of the archbishops Herivaeus and Seulfus -Biography:He was born at Épernay, and educated at Reims in the cathedral school which had...
, Joannes XIIIPope John XIII of Crescenzi family served as Pope from October 1, 965, until his death.Born in Rome, he spent his career in the papal court...
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| 136 |
Ratherius Veronensis Ratherius was a teacher, writer, and bishop. His political work led to his becoming an exile and a wanderer. He is also known as Rathier or Rather of Verona.-Biography:...
, Liutprandus CremonensisLiutprand, also Liudprand, Liuprand, Lioutio, Liucius, Liuzo, and Lioutsios was a Lombard historian and author, and Bishop of Cremona....
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| 137 |
Hrothsuita Gandersheimensis, Widukindus Corbeiensis, Dunstanus Cantuariensis Dunstan was an Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey, a Bishop of Worcester, a Bishop of London, and an Archbishop of Canterbury, later canonised as a saint. His work restored monastic life in England and reformed the English Church...
, Adso Dervensis, Joannes S. Arnulfi Metensis |
| 138 |
Richerus S. Remigii Richer was a monk of St.-Remigius, just outside Reims, and a chronicler of the 10th century. He is not to be confused with Richer le Lorrain or Richer de Senones .-Life:...
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| 139 |
Sylvester II (Gerbertus), Aimoinus Floriacensis Aimoin , French chronicler, was born at Villefranche-de-Longchat about 960, and in early life entered the monastery of Fleury, where he became a monk and passed the greater part of his life....
, Abbo FloriacensisAbbo of Fleury , also known as Abbon or Saint Abbo was a monk, and later abbot, of the Benedictine monastery of Fleury sur Loire near Orléans, France....
, Thietmarus MerseburgensisThietmar of Merseburg was a German chronicler who was also bishop of Merseburg.-Life:...
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| 140 |
Burchardus Wormaciensis Burchard of Worms was the Roman Catholic bishop of Worms in the Holy Roman Empire, and author of a Canon law collection in twenty books, the "Collectarium canonum" or "Decretum".-Life:...
, Henricus II imperatorHenry II , also referred to as Saint Henry, Obl.S.B., was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Ottonian dynasty, from his coronation in Rome in 1014 until his death a decade later. He was crowned King of the Germans in 1002 and King of Italy in 1004...
, Adelboldus Trajectensis, Thangmarus Hildesheimensis |
| 141 |
Fulbertus Carnotensis Fulbert of Chartres –10 April 1028) was the bishop of the Cathedral of Chartres from 1006 till 1028. He was a teacher at the Cathedral school there, he was responsible for the advancement of the celebration of the Feast day of “Nativity of the Virgin”, and he was responsible for one of the...
, Guido Aretinus, Joannes XIXPope John XIX , born Romanus, was Pope from 1024 to 1032.He succeeded his brother, Pope Benedict VIII , both being members of the powerful house of Tusculum...
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| 142 |
Bruno Herbipolensis, Odilo Cluniacensis, Berno Augiae Divitis Berno was the Abbot of Reichenau from his appointment by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1008. He reformed the Gregorian chant...
|
| 143 |
Hermannus Contractus Hermann of Reichenau , also called Hermannus Contractus or Hermannus Augiensis or Herman the Cripple, was an 11th century scholar, composer, music theorist, mathematician, and astronomer. He composed the Marian prayer Alma Redemptoris Mater...
, Humbertus Silvae CandidaeHumbert of Moyenmoutier was a French prelate, Roman Catholic cardinal and Benedictine oblate, given by his parents to the monastery of Moyenmoutier in Lorraine...
, Leo IXPope Saint Leo IX , born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg, was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. He was a German aristocrat and as well as being Pope was a powerful secular ruler of central Italy. He is regarded as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, with the feast day of April 19...
|
| 144–145 |
Petrus DamianusSaint Peter Damian, O.S.B. was a reforming monk in the circle of Pope Gregory VII and a cardinal. In 1823, he was declared a Doctor of the Church...
|
| 146 |
Othlonus S. Emmerammi, Adamus Bremensis Adam of Bremen was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. He is most famous for his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum .-Background:Little is known of his life other than hints from his own chronicles...
, Gundecharus Eichstetensis, Lambertus HersfeldensisLambert of Hersfeld was a medieval chronicler, probably a Thuringian by birth. His work represents a major source for the history of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire in the eleventh century....
, Petrus MalleacensisPetrus Malleacensis was the author of a chronicle history in two volumes of Maillezais Abbey, which was located in present-day Charente, France....
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| 147 |
Joannes Abrincensis, Bertholdus Constantiensis, Bruno Magdeburgensis, Marianus Scottus Marianus Scotus , was an Irish monk and chronicler , was an Irishman by birth, and called Máel Brigte, or Devotee of St...
, Landulfus Mediolanensis, Alphanus SalernitanusSaint Alfanus I or Alfano I was the Archbishop of Salerno from 1058 to his death. He was famed as a translator, writer, theologian, and medical doctor in the eleventh century...
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| 148 |
Gregorius VII Pope St. Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Sovana , was Pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal...
|
| 149 |
Victor IIIPope Blessed Victor III , born Daufer , Latinised Dauferius, was the Pope as the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far less impressive in history than his time as Desiderius, the great Abbot of Monte Cassino.-Early life and abbacy:He was born in 1026 or 1027 of a non-regnant...
, Anselmus LucensisSaint Anselm of Lucca , called the Younger or Anselm II to distinguish him from his uncle, was an Italian bishop, a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy and in the fighting in Central Italy between the forces of Countess Matilda of Tuscany, the papal champion, and those of Henry IV,...
, Willelmus Calculus |
| 150 |
Lanfrancus CantuariensisLanfranc was Archbishop of Canterbury, and a Lombard by birth.-Early life:Lanfranc was born in the early years of the 11th century at Pavia, where later tradition held that his father, Hanbald, held a rank broadly equivalent to magistrate...
, Herluinus Beccensis, Willelmus Beccensis Abbas, Boso Beccensis Abbas, Theobaldus Beccensis Abbas, Letardus Beccensis Abbas, Augustinus Cantuariensis EpiscopusAugustine of Canterbury was a Benedictine monk who became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597...
, Bonizio Sutrensis Placentinus Episcopus, Guillelmus Metensis Abbas, Wilhelmus Hirsaugensis Abbas, Herimannus Metensis Episcopus, Theodoricus S Audoeni Monachus, Guido Farfensis Abbas, Aribo Scholasticus, Henricus Pomposianus Clericus, Robertus De Tumbalena Abbas, Gerardus Cameracensis Episcopus II, Reynaldus Remensis Archiepiscopus I, Joannes Cotto, Fulco Corbeiensis Abbas, Gillebertus Elnonensis Monachus, Willelmus Clusiensis Monachus, Durandus Claromontanus Episcopus, Hemmingus Wigorniensis Monachus, Radbodus Tornacensis Episcopus, Agano Augustodunensis Episcopus, Oldaricus Praepositus, Bernardus Lutevensis Episcopus, Fulcoius Meldensis Subdiaconus, Constantinus Africanus Casinensis, Deusdedit Cardinalis, Willelmus Pictavensis Archidiaconus, Joannes De Garlandia, Rufinus Episcopus |
| 151 |
Urbanus II Pope Urban II , born Otho de Lagery , was Pope from 12 March 1088 until his death on July 29 1099...
|
| 152–153 |
Bruno CarthusianorumSaint Bruno of Cologne , the founder of the Carthusian Order, personally founded the order's first two communities...
|
| 154 |
Hugo Flaviniacensis Hugh of Flavigny, or Hugo of Flavigny, was a Benedictine monk and medieval historian.-Biography:Hugh was born about 1064, probably at Verdun ; d. before the middle of the twelfth century. He belonged to a prominent family, and received his education at the monastery of St-Vannes at Verdun, where he...
, Ekkehardus UraugiensisEkkehard of Aura was the Abbot of Aura from 1108...
, Wolphelmus Brunwillerensis |
| 155 |
Godefridus Bullonius Godfrey of Bouillon was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087...
, Radulfus ArdensRadulfus Ardens was a French theologian and early scholastic philosopher of the twelfth century. He was born in Beaulieu, Poitou.He is known for his Summa de vitiis et virtutibus or Speculum universale...
, Lupus ProtospatariusLupus Protospatharius Barensis was the reputed author of the Chronicon rerum in regno Neapolitano gestarum , a precise history of the Mezzogiorno from 805 to 1102. He has only been named as the author since the seventeenth century...
|
| 156 |
Guibertus S. Mariae de Novigento Guibert of Nogent was a Benedictine historian, theologian and author of autobiographical memoirs. Guibert was relatively unknown in his own time, going virtually unmentioned by his contemporaries...
|
| 157 |
Goffridus Vindocinensis Geoffrey of Vendôme was a French Benedictine monk, writer and cardinal....
, Thiofridus Efternacensis, Petrus AlphonsusPetrus Alphonsi was a Jewish Spanish writer and astronomer, and polemicist, who converted to Christianity....
|
| 158–159 |
Anselmus CantuariensisAnselm of Canterbury , also called of Aosta for his birthplace, and of Bec for his home monastery, was a Benedictine monk, a philosopher, and a prelate of the church who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109...
|
| 160 |
Sigebertus Gemblacensis Sigebert of Gembloux was a medieval author, known mainly as a pro-Imperial historian of a universal chronicle, opposed to the expansive papacy of Gregory VII and Pascal II...
|
| 161 |
Ivo Carnotensis Saint Ivo ' of Chartres was the Bishop of Chartres from 1090 until his death and an important canon lawyer during the Investiture Crisis....
|
| 162 |
Ivo Carnotensis Saint Ivo ' of Chartres was the Bishop of Chartres from 1090 until his death and an important canon lawyer during the Investiture Crisis....
, Petrus ChrysolanusGrossolanus, Grossolano, or Grosolano, born Peter, was the Archbishop of Milan from 1102 to 1112. He succeeded Anselm IV, who had made him vicar during his absence on the Crusade of 1101, and was succeeded by Jordan, who had been his subdeacon....
, Anselmus LaudunensisAnselm of Laon was a French theologian and founder of a school of scholars who helped to pioneer biblical hermeneutics.Remembered in the century after his death as "Anselmus" or "Anselm", his name was more properly "Ansellus" or, in Modern French, "Anseau."Born of very humble parents at Laon...
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| 163 |
Paschalis IIPope Paschal II , born Ranierius, was Pope from August 13, 1099, until his death. A monk of the Cluniac order, he was created cardinal priest of the Titulus S...
, Gelasius IIPope Gelasius II , born Giovanni Caetani , was pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119.-Biography:He was born between 1060 and 1064 at Gaeta into the Pisan branch of the Caetani family....
, Calixtus II |
| 164–165 |
Bruno Astensis |
| 166 |
Baldricus Dolensis Baldric of Dol was abbot of Bourgueil from 1079 to 1106, then bishop of Dol-en-Bretagne from 1107 until his death....
, Honorius IIPope Honorius II , born Lamberto Scannabecchi, was pope from December 21, 1124, to February 13, 1130. Although from a humble background, his obvious intellect and outstanding abilities saw him promoted through the ecclesiastical hierarchy...
, Cosmas PragensisCosmas of Prague was a Bohemian priest, writer and historian born in a noble family in Bohemia. Between 1075 and 1081, he studied in Liège. After his return to Bohemia, he became a priest and married Božetěcha, with whom he probably had a son. In 1086 Cosmas was appointed prebendary of Prague, a...
|
| 167–170 |
Rupertus Tuitensis |
| 171 |
Hildebertus Turonensis Hildebert of Lavardin was a French writer and ecclesiastic. His name is also spelled Hydalbert, Gildebert, or Aldebert.-Life:...
, Marbodus RedonensisMarbodus was archdeacon and schoolmaster at Angers, France, then Bishop of Rennes in Brittany. He was a respected poet, hagiographer, and hymnologist.-Biography:...
|
| 172 |
Honorius Augustodunensis Honorius Augustodunensis , commonly known as Honorius of Autun, was a very popular 12th-century Christian theologian who wrote prolifically on many subjects. He wrote in a non-scholastic manner, with a lively style, and his works were approachable for the lay community in general...
|
| 173 |
Leo Marsicanus Leo Marsicanus or Ostiensis , also known as Leone dei Conti di Marsi , was a nobleman and monk of Monte Cassino around 1061 and Italian cardinal from the twelfth century.In Monte Cassino, he became a friend of Desiderius of Benevento, later Pope Victor III, and it was to him that Leo dedicated...
, Petrus diaconus, Rodulfus S. Trudonis |
| 174 |
Godefridus Admontensis |
| 175–177 |
Hugo de S. Victore Hugh of Saint Victor was born perhaps in France, or more probably in Saxony. His origins and early life are rather obscure. He studied and taught at the Augustinian Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris after which he is named. His writings include works of theology, mysticism, philosophy and the arts...
|
| 178 |
Petrus AbaelardusPeter Abelard was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian and preeminent logician. The story of his affair with and love for Héloïse has become legendary...
|
| 179 |
Willelmus MalmesburiensisWilliam of Malmesbury was the foremost English historian of the 12th century. C. Warren Hollister so ranks him among the most talented generation of writers of history since Bede, "a gifted historical scholar and an omnivorous reader, impressively well versed in the literature of classical,...
|
| 180 |
Eugenius III, Guillelmus S. Theodorici William of St-Thierry was a theologian and mystic, and abbot of the monastery of Saint-Thierry.-Biography:He was born at Liège of a noble family between 1075 and 1080 and died at Signy in 1148...
|
| 181 |
Herveus Burgidolensis Hervé de Bourg-Dieu was a French Benedictine exegete.He is known particularly for his Commentarii in Isaiam prophetam, on the Book of Isaiah.-References:*Germain Morin, Un critique en liturgie au XIIe siècle...
|
| 182–185 |
Bernardus ClaraevallensisBernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian order.After the death of his mother, Bernard sought admission into the Cistercian order. Three years later, he was sent to found a new abbey at an isolated clearing in a glen known as the Val...
|
| 186 |
Sugerius S. Dionysii Suger was one of the last Frankish abbot-statesmen, an historian, and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture....
, Robertus PullusRobert Pullus was an English cardinal, philosopher and theologian, of the twelfth century.-Biography:...
, Zacharias ChrysopolitanusZacharias Chrysopolitanus, also known as Zachary of Besançon, was from Besançon and died about 1155. He was a biblical scholar of the Premonstratensian Order. He was headmaster of the Cathedral School at Besançon, France and then joined the order of the Premonstratensians at the Abbey of Saint...
|
| 187 |
Gratianus Gratian, was a 12th century canon lawyer from Bologna. He is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Franciscus Gratianus, Johannes Gratianus, or Giovanni Graziano. The dates of his birth and death are unknown....
|
| 188 |
Ordericus Vitalis Orderic Vitalis was an English chronicler of Norman ancestry who wrote one of the great contemporary chronicles of 11th and 12th century Normandy and Anglo-Norman England. The modern biographer of Henry I of England, C...
, Anastasius IVPope Anastasius IV , born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 1153 to 1154.-Early life:He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114...
, Adrianus IVPope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair...
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| 189 |
Petrus Venerabilis Peter the Venerable , also known as Peter of Montboissier, abbot of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny, born to Blessed Raingarde in Auvergne, France. He has been honored as a saint but has never been formally canonized.-Life:Peter was "Dedicated to God" at birth and given to the monastery at...
|
| 190 |
Thomas CantuariensisThomas Becket was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion...
, Herbertus de Boseham, Gilbertus FoliotGilbert Foliot was a medieval English monk and prelate, successively Abbot of Gloucester, Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London. Born to an ecclesiastical family, he became a monk at Cluny Abbey in France at about the age of twenty...
|
| 191–192 |
Petrus Lombardus Peter Lombard was a scholastic theologian and bishop and author of Four Books of Sentences, which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he is also known as Magister Sententiarum-Biography:Peter Lombard was born in Lumellogno , in...
|
| 193 |
Garnerius S. Victoris, Gerhohus Reicherspergensis |
| 194 |
Gerhohus Reicherspergensis, Hugo Pictavinus, Isaac de Stella Isaac of Stella was a monk, theologian and philosopher. He joined the Order of Cistercians, during the reforms of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux....
, Alcherus Claraevallensis |
| 195 |
Aelredus Rievallensis Aelred , also Aelred, Ælred, Æthelred, etc., was an English writer, abbot of Rievaulx , and saint.-Life:...
, Wolbero S. Pantaleonis, Elisabeth SchonaugiensisElizabeth of Schönau was a German Benedictine visionary. When her writings were published, the title of "Saint" was added to her name. She was never canonized, but in 1584 her name was entered in the Roman Martyrology and has remained there...
|
| 196 |
Richardus S. Victoris |
| 197 |
Hildegardis abbatissaBlessed Hildegard of Bingen , also known as Saint Hildegard, and Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, Benedictine abbess, visionary, and polymath. Elected a magistra by her fellow nuns in 1136, she founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 and...
|
| 198 |
Adamus Scotus Adam of Dryburgh was a late 12th and early 13th century Anglo-Scottish theologian, writer and Premonstratensian and Carthusian monk. He entered Dryburgh Abbey as a young man, rising to become abbot , before converting to Carthusianism and moving to Witham...
, Petrus Comestor-Biography:Born in Troyes, he was first attached to the Church of Notre-Dame in that city and habitually signed himself as "Presbyter Trecensis". Before 1148 he became dean of the chapter and received a benefice in 1148. About 1160 he formed one of the Chapter of Notre-Dame at Paris, and about the...
, Godefridus ViterbiensisGodfrey of Viterbo was a Roman Catholic chronicler, either Italian or German.-Biography:He was probably an Italian by birth, although some authorities assert that he was a Saxon German like his imperial patrons...
|
| 199 |
Joannes Saresberiensis John of Salisbury , who described himself as Johannes Parvus , was an English author, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres, and was born at Salisbury.-Early life and education:...
|
| 200 |
Alexander IIIPope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is noted in history for laying the foundation stone for the Notre Dame de Paris.-Church career:...
|
| 201 |
Arnulfus Lexoviensis "Arnoul" redirects here. For the Cyborg 009 character, Francoise Arnoul, see more info in Cyborg 009.Arnulf of Lisieux was a medieval French bishop.He was educated by his brother, the Bishop of Sées, and studied canon law at Rome...
, Guillelmus TyrensisWilliam of Tyre was a medieval prelate and chronicler. As archbishop of Tyre, he is sometimes known as William II to distinguish him from a predecessor, William of Malines...
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| 202 |
Petrus Cellensis Pierre de Celle was a French Benedictine and bishop.-Life:...
, Urbanus IIIPope Urban III , born Uberto Crivelli, was Pope from 1185 to 1187. He was made cardinal and archbishop of Milan by Pope Lucius III, whom he succeeded on November 25, 1185...
, Gregorius VIIIPope Gregory VIII , born Alberto di Morra, was Pope from October 25, 1187 until his death.-Early life:...
, Hugo EterianusHugh Etherianus , and his brother Leo Tuscus, were Tuscans by birth, employed at the court of Constantinople under the Emperor Manuel I Comnenus. Hugh was a Catholic theologian and controversialist, who became a Cardinal at the end of his life....
, Gilbertus FoliotGilbert Foliot was a medieval English monk and prelate, successively Abbot of Gloucester, Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London. Born to an ecclesiastical family, he became a monk at Cluny Abbey in France at about the age of twenty...
|
| 203 |
Philippus de Harveng |
| 204 |
Reinerus S. Laurentii Leodiensis, Clemens IIIPope Clement III , born Paulino Scolari, was elected Pope on December 19, 1187 and reigned until his death.-Cardinal:...
|
| 205 |
Petrus Cantor Peter Cantor was a French Roman Catholic theologian.He received his education at Rheims, and later moved on to Paris, where, in 1183, he became Chanter at Notre Dame...
|
| 206 |
Coelestinus IIIPope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope...
, Thomas Cisterciensis, Joannes Algrinus |
| 207 |
Petrus Blesensis Peter of Blois or Petrus Blesensis was a French poet and diplomat who wrote in Latin. Peter studied law in Bologna and theology in Paris...
|
| 208 |
Martinus Legionensis |
| 209 |
Martinus Legionensis, Wilhelmus Daniae, Gualterus de Castellione Walter of Châtillon was a 12th-century French writer and theologian who wrote in the Latin language. He studied under Stephen of Beauvais and at the University of Paris. It was probably during his student years that he wrote a number of Latin poems in the Goliardic manner that found their way...
|
| 210 |
Alanus de Insulis Alain de Lille , French theologian and poet, was born, probably in Lille, some years before 1128.-Life:...
|
| 211 |
Stephanus Tornacensis Stephen of Tournai, born in 1128 and died in 1203, was a Canon regular of Sainte-Geneviève , and Roman Catholic canonist who became bishop of Tournai in 1192.-Biography:He was born at Orléans in 1128; died at Tournai in September 1203...
, Petrus PictaviensisPeter of Poitiers Peter of Poitiers Peter of Poitiers (born at Poitiers or in its neighbourhood about 1130; died in Paris in 1215 (though Ulrich Rehm dates Peter's death to 1205 in "Bebilderte Vaterunser-Erklärungen des Mittelalters", Baden-Baden 1994, p. 62) was a French scholastic...
, Adamus PerseniaeAdam of Perseigne was a French Cistercian, Abbot of the monastery of Perseigne in the Diocese of Mans.Adam was born around 1145 into a serf, or peasant, family. He is thought to have been first a canon regular, later a Benedictine of Marmoutier and then a Cistercian...
|
| 212 |
Helinandus Frigidi Montis Helinand of Froidmont was a medieval poet, chronicler, and ecclesiastical writer.-Life:He was born of Flemish parents at Pronleroy in Oise in France c. 1150; his date of death is said to be 3 February 1223, or 1229, or 1237...
, Guntherus Cisterciensis, Odo de Soliaco |
| 213 |
Sicardus Cremonensis, Petrus Sarnensis |
| 214–217 |
Innocentius IIIPope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....
|
| 218–221 |
Indices |