Paterna
Encyclopedia
Paterna is a municipality
in the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community
, Spain
. It is located northeast of the comarca
of La Huerta de Valencia, 5 km northwest of Valencia, and on the left bank of the river Turia
. Its population, to January 1, 2009, was 64,023 inhabitants, being the eleventh city by population in the Valencian Community
.
, with an average annual rainfall of 250 ml and temperatures ranging from 5 °C minimum in January and 31 °C maximum in August, reaching every summer peak above 30 °C.
and Bronze Age
, and have been found in consignments of The Vallesa and Despeñaperros, in an area of small hills near the river Turia
, which allowed the water supply. Also left imprint in The Vallesa and Despeñaperros the Iberians, where have been found remains of a defensive wall and walls of small huts.
Documentation relating to the arrival of the Romans
is limited to literary references of events near Valentia, Edeta
and Saguntum
. It is believed that it was at this time when it came original place name from Paterna, which is supposed to make reference to the Latin word "Paternus" or belonging to the father, alluding to the social and legal status of the property. In the municipal district, have been found remains of an aqueduct system that extends to Massamagrell
so we think it might get to Sagunto
, ancient Roman site.
In February 2009 the excavation of a plot which was planned for a housing allowed the discovery of a Roman villa, dated between I and III centuries, that takes a new twist to the known history of the city and becomes the first traces of a Roman habitation from Valencia to Llíria.
In the Moslem period, it make preogress manufacturing and pottery and is a development of agriculture, including new irrigated lands and introducing crops such as rice and oranges. On April 10, 1237, there is a peaceful entry of King James I of Aragon
in Paterna's lands.
According to the Book of Distribution, the farm of Paterna is delivered to Artal de Luna, one of those appointed by James I
to write the Jurisdictions.
The Luna will become feudal lords from the XIII to XV, when the ceramic from Paterna reaches full production. In the sixteenth century a crisis starts in ceramic production and the local economy in general. In 1436 Alfonso the Magnanimous gave the possessions of Paterna to the infant Henry, son of Ferdinand I
of Antequera and Duke of Segovia.
The Expulsion of the Moriscos
forced into exile and Paterna suffered a depopulation and economic stagnation. In the Old Regime, the political crisis would further exacerbate the deteriorating political, social and economic context in which it was immersed Paterna. By Royal Decree, in 1769 it was banned the cultivation of rice to alleviate malarial fevers. In the 19th century agriculture reappears, and displayed the first cave. That same century it was made the water pipeline (1866), it was construct a new building for City Hall (1881) and it was built the narrow gauge railway (April 22, 1888), forming part of the line Valencia - Liria
, which improves communication. Demographic recovery starts slowly with a flow of immigration and the widening of Paterna with the construction of The Camp neighborhood with houses and chalets for bourgeoisie from Valencia, and a military barracks for protection.
The creation of Polygon Source Jar, already in the 20th century, generated a strong demand for labor that attracted a flow of immigration that changed the economy and the urban aspect of Paterna.
The current population growth is due to the creation of new residential areas and the expansion of industrial areas in the municipality. In January 2009, the number of inhabitants was 64,023 (31,887 women and 32,136 men)
Paterna is nestled in one of the most important industrial areas of southern Europe. In the town there are: the Industrial Park Source Jar, the Industrial Park of the Swath, the city's business Tactic and the Technological Park of Valencia.
Industrial production is very diversified: food, textiles, wood, leather, metal, chemical, plastics, transportation, electricity ...
and the enaissance],] Paterna was one of the major ceramic production centers in Spain competing with notable centers as Manises
and Teruel
, reaching distributed throughout the Mediterranean. Ceramics are known as plates, bowls, pharmacy jars painted in blue and gold and decorated in green and manganese. The pictures are varied: human figures, animals, plants or heraldic.
The socarrat (XV century) is the most distinctive piece of Paterna's pottery. Are pieces of clay with a rectangular shape that were used for decoration of palaces and mansions, including eaves and ceilings.
A large sample is exposed at the Museum of Ceramics in Paterna, who takes care of managing the loan of pieces to other museums and exhibitions. Currently are exihibited ceramic pieces from Paterna in the National Archaeological Museum
(Madrid
) and others of Valencia, Barcelona
, Paris
, London
or New York.
In May 2000 the city of Paterna acquired the status of tourist interest by the Generalitat Valenciana
.
, rice
and vegetables, stand out the cachap: sweet pastry
filled with a special typical cream of Paterna .
, United States Marino
, Italy
Township
The word township is used to refer to different kinds of settlements in different countries. Township is generally associated with an urban area. However there are many exceptions to this rule. In Australia, the United States, and Canada, they may be settlements too small to be considered urban...
in the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community
Valencian Community
The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. It is located northeast of the comarca
Comarca
A comarca is a traditional region or local administrative division found in parts of Spain, Portugal, Panama, Nicaragua, and Brazil. The term is derived from the term marca, meaning a "march, mark", plus the prefix co- meaning "together, jointly".The comarca is known in Aragonese as redolada and...
of La Huerta de Valencia, 5 km northwest of Valencia, and on the left bank of the river Turia
Turía (river)
The Turia is a small river, 9 km in length and an altitude of 250 m above the sea, which rises in the town of Taramundi and drains into the Eo River in the town of Puente Nuevo ....
. Its population, to January 1, 2009, was 64,023 inhabitants, being the eleventh city by population in the Valencian Community
Valencian Community
The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...
.
Geography
The town is characterized by arid Mediterranean climateMediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, and is a particular variety of subtropical climate...
, with an average annual rainfall of 250 ml and temperatures ranging from 5 °C minimum in January and 31 °C maximum in August, reaching every summer peak above 30 °C.
History
The first signs of human settlement in Paterna back to NeolithicNeolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
and Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
, and have been found in consignments of The Vallesa and Despeñaperros, in an area of small hills near the river Turia
Turía (river)
The Turia is a small river, 9 km in length and an altitude of 250 m above the sea, which rises in the town of Taramundi and drains into the Eo River in the town of Puente Nuevo ....
, which allowed the water supply. Also left imprint in The Vallesa and Despeñaperros the Iberians, where have been found remains of a defensive wall and walls of small huts.
Documentation relating to the arrival of the Romans
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
is limited to literary references of events near Valentia, Edeta
Llíria
Llíria or Liria is a medium sized town off the CV35 motorway to the north of Valencia, Spain. Known as Edeta in ancient Iberian times, it is the musical capital of the region.-Location:...
and Saguntum
Sagunto
Sagunto or Sagunt is an ancient city in Eastern Spain, in the modern fertile comarca of Camp de Morvedre in the province of Valencia. It is located in a hilly site, c. 30 km north of Valencia, close to the Costa del Azahar on the Mediterranean Sea...
. It is believed that it was at this time when it came original place name from Paterna, which is supposed to make reference to the Latin word "Paternus" or belonging to the father, alluding to the social and legal status of the property. In the municipal district, have been found remains of an aqueduct system that extends to Massamagrell
Massamagrell
Massamagrell is a municipality in the comarca of Horta Nord in the Valencian Community, Spain....
so we think it might get to Sagunto
Sagunto
Sagunto or Sagunt is an ancient city in Eastern Spain, in the modern fertile comarca of Camp de Morvedre in the province of Valencia. It is located in a hilly site, c. 30 km north of Valencia, close to the Costa del Azahar on the Mediterranean Sea...
, ancient Roman site.
In February 2009 the excavation of a plot which was planned for a housing allowed the discovery of a Roman villa, dated between I and III centuries, that takes a new twist to the known history of the city and becomes the first traces of a Roman habitation from Valencia to Llíria.
In the Moslem period, it make preogress manufacturing and pottery and is a development of agriculture, including new irrigated lands and introducing crops such as rice and oranges. On April 10, 1237, there is a peaceful entry of King James I of Aragon
James I of Aragon
James I the Conqueror was the King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276...
in Paterna's lands.
According to the Book of Distribution, the farm of Paterna is delivered to Artal de Luna, one of those appointed by James I
James I
James I may refer to:* King James I of Aragon * King James I of Sicily , also King James II of Aragon* James I, Count of La Marche , Count of Ponthieu...
to write the Jurisdictions.
Furs of Valencia
Furs of Valencia were the laws of the Kingdom of Valencia during most of Middle Ages and Early modern Europe. They were a series of charters which, altogether, worked similarly as a modern Constitution does now. Thus, they defined the position, and the checks and balances between the Royal House,...
The Luna will become feudal lords from the XIII to XV, when the ceramic from Paterna reaches full production. In the sixteenth century a crisis starts in ceramic production and the local economy in general. In 1436 Alfonso the Magnanimous gave the possessions of Paterna to the infant Henry, son of Ferdinand I
Ferdinand I of Aragon
Ferdinand I called of Antequera and also the Just or the Honest) was king of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica and king of Sicily, duke of Athens and Neopatria, and count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdanya...
of Antequera and Duke of Segovia.
The Expulsion of the Moriscos
Expulsion of the Moriscos
On April 9, 1609, King Philip III of Spain decreed the Expulsion of the Moriscos . The Moriscos were the descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502...
forced into exile and Paterna suffered a depopulation and economic stagnation. In the Old Regime, the political crisis would further exacerbate the deteriorating political, social and economic context in which it was immersed Paterna. By Royal Decree, in 1769 it was banned the cultivation of rice to alleviate malarial fevers. In the 19th century agriculture reappears, and displayed the first cave. That same century it was made the water pipeline (1866), it was construct a new building for City Hall (1881) and it was built the narrow gauge railway (April 22, 1888), forming part of the line Valencia - Liria
Llíria
Llíria or Liria is a medium sized town off the CV35 motorway to the north of Valencia, Spain. Known as Edeta in ancient Iberian times, it is the musical capital of the region.-Location:...
, which improves communication. Demographic recovery starts slowly with a flow of immigration and the widening of Paterna with the construction of The Camp neighborhood with houses and chalets for bourgeoisie from Valencia, and a military barracks for protection.
The creation of Polygon Source Jar, already in the 20th century, generated a strong demand for labor that attracted a flow of immigration that changed the economy and the urban aspect of Paterna.
Demography
Paterna had about 3,505 inhabitants in 1900. The creation of the Polygon Source Jar favored immigration between 1950 and 1970 in which Paterna experienced significant social and urban change, coming up triple the population.The current population growth is due to the creation of new residential areas and the expansion of industrial areas in the municipality. In January 2009, the number of inhabitants was 64,023 (31,887 women and 32,136 men)
Neighborhoods and districts
The nuclei of the municipality are: Urban Center (Center, Alborgí, Camp, Santa Rita), The Canyada (The Planting, Monuntcanyada, The Vallesa), Farm of Rosary (The Comma), Terramelar, Long Ridge (Valterna) and Bobalar (Green Houses, Cross of Grace and Gemma). In addition, Paterna has four industrial parks: Source Jar, Tactic, Swath and Technology Park.Demographic Statistics 2004
- Average annual population growth rate 2000-2004: 1.9%
- Population Change 2000-2004: 7.7%
Economy
The services sector represents 56% of global economic activity in the municipality. Industry accounts 33.2%, construction 9.8% and agriculture 1%.Paterna is nestled in one of the most important industrial areas of southern Europe. In the town there are: the Industrial Park Source Jar, the Industrial Park of the Swath, the city's business Tactic and the Technological Park of Valencia.
Industrial production is very diversified: food, textiles, wood, leather, metal, chemical, plastics, transportation, electricity ...
Economic Statistics 2004
- Economic level: 7
- Bank branches: 37
- Industrial activities: 1,101
- Supermarkets: 15
- Malls: 2
- Industrial Index: 223
- Commercial rate: 144
Paterna Ceramics
In the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
and the enaissance],] Paterna was one of the major ceramic production centers in Spain competing with notable centers as Manises
Manises
Manises is a municipality in the comarca of Horta Oest in the Valencian Community, Spain. Located in the province of Valencia, it had 30,508 inhabitants in 2009 and is famous for its pottery and house in the municipality the Valencia Airport....
and Teruel
Teruel
Teruel is a town in Aragon, eastern Spain, and the capital of Teruel Province. It has a population of 34,240 in 2006 making it one of the least populated provincial capitals in the country...
, reaching distributed throughout the Mediterranean. Ceramics are known as plates, bowls, pharmacy jars painted in blue and gold and decorated in green and manganese. The pictures are varied: human figures, animals, plants or heraldic.
The socarrat (XV century) is the most distinctive piece of Paterna's pottery. Are pieces of clay with a rectangular shape that were used for decoration of palaces and mansions, including eaves and ceilings.
A large sample is exposed at the Museum of Ceramics in Paterna, who takes care of managing the loan of pieces to other museums and exhibitions. Currently are exihibited ceramic pieces from Paterna in the National Archaeological Museum
National Archaeological Museum
National Archaeological Museum may refer to:* National Archaeological Museum, Athens, * National Archaeological Museum * National Archaeological Museum ,...
(Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
) and others of Valencia, Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
or New York.
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
Transportation
The main roads of Paterna are:- A-7 highway which links the Mediterranean axis, towards BarcelonaBarcelonaBarcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
and AlicanteAlicanteAlicante or Alacant is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of Alacantí, in the south of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,418, estimated , ranking as the second-largest... - A-3 highway that connects with MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
- V-30 highway that connects with the Port of ValenciaPort of ValenciaThe Port of Valencia is the largest Spanish seaport and one of the largest seaports in the Mediterranean Sea basin, with an annual traffic capacity of around 55 million tonnes of cargo and 3,000,000 TEU's....
and the coast. - CV-35 that goes into the province of Valencia (Valencia - LiriaLlíriaLlíria or Liria is a medium sized town off the CV35 motorway to the north of Valencia, Spain. Known as Edeta in ancient Iberian times, it is the musical capital of the region.-Location:...
- AdemuzAdemuzAdemuz is a municipality in the comarca of Rincón de Ademuz in the Valencian Community, Spain.-History:The Muslim fortress of Al-Dāmūs was conquered by the troops of Peter II of Aragon in 1210, with the help of the Knights of Malta and of the Templars.-Geography:Ademuz is situated in the middle of...
Highway) - Valencia AirportValencia AirportValencia Airport in Manises , also known as Manises Airport, is the 8th busiest Spanish airport in terms of passengers and second in the region after Alicante. It is situated west of the city of Valencia. The airport has flight connections to about 15 European countries and 4.9 million passengers...
ManisesManisesManises is a municipality in the comarca of Horta Oest in the Valencian Community, Spain. Located in the province of Valencia, it had 30,508 inhabitants in 2009 and is famous for its pottery and house in the municipality the Valencia Airport....
Public transport
- Paterna Municipal Transportation: Paterna has a municipal bus network that consists of 10 lines that link the various neighborhood, industrial parks, schools and the Technology Park of Valencia Paterna Municipal Transportation .
- Bus: Bus interubano linking Paterna (line 140) and the Technology Park (Line 130) to Valencia. Edetania Bus
- Valencia Metro: Subway line 1 (stops at Camp, Paterna, Santa Rita, Source Jar, The Canyada, The Vallesa) and tram line 4 (stops on TVV, Long Ridge-Terramelar, Santa Gemma, Tomás y Valiente, The Comma, Farm of Rosary) communicate with Valencia.
Equity
- The Tower of Paterna: of Arab origin, was used as a defense of the population due to its strategic location and excellent visibility of the environment. With a conical shape has a height of 19.5 meters and between 12.7 and 9.6 m in diameter.
- Counts of Villapaterna Palace: lordly palace built by the Counts of Villapaterna in 1760. In 1983 it was acquired by the city council that settled there the town hall.
- Calvary: comprising a terrace overlooking the River Turia, to the orchard and nearby towns, in which lies the town clock. In the past, was occupied by the Castillo de Paterna, demolished in the eighteenth century.
- Ceramics Museum: Located in the Village Square in the old town hall, hosts one of the most important collections of ceramics from Valencia.
- Church of St. Peter: built in the XIV century in the place occupied by the mosque. It was remodeled in the eighteenth century.
- Antonio FerrandisAntonio FerrandisAntonio Ferrandis Monrabal was an Spanish actor, remembered especially for his character Chanquete.- Biography :Born February 28, 1921 in Paterna, province of Valencia...
Grand Theatre: Built in the late 20's was a place of entertainment used by people for decades. It was purchased by the city and in 2000 opened with the name of the famous actor of Paterna, Antonio Ferrandis Monroy, hosting a large cultural program of theater, music, exhibitions and a municipal school of dance and theater.
- Capri Theatre, built in 1924, was acquired by the city in 1998, remodeled and opened again in 2000. Currently hosts various cultural events and essay of local theater groups.
- The Large Cave Cultural Space: formed by an amphitheater and the central library. Is included in The Tower and Caves Park.
- Caves of Fuller Cultural Space: host art exhibitions in an emblematic and historical space such as the caves.
- Paterna Mills: built in the Middle Ages to take the power of water passing through the canal of Moncada in flourmill, rice and textiles productions. It was from the nineteenth century when expansion occurred, making Paterna turned to the late nineteenth century the largest producer of flour in Valencia. Subsequently, technological advances in electricity, industrialization and increasing urbanization of the orchard assumed a gradual abandonment of these mills. Currently is projected an hotel and leisure complex.
- Turia River Natural Park: the largest natural area in Paterna is The Vallesa Forest, located around the river Turia. It consists of a large area which holds a large population of pine and scrub composed of the typical Mediterranean forest associations on calcareous substrate as a rosemary, oak, mastic, kermes, gorse, etc..
- Ridge of Betxí: town of the Bronze Age located in the place of Vallesa of Mandor.
- Observatory of the University of Valencia
- Campus Burjassot-Paterna Science Park
In May 2000 the city of Paterna acquired the status of tourist interest by the Generalitat Valenciana
Generalitat Valenciana
The Generalitat Valenciana is the generic name covering the different self government institutions under which the Spanish autonomous community of Valencia is politically organised....
.
Festivals
- Fallas: held in March.
- Moors and Christians and La Cordá: is the culmination of the festival, which takes place in the morning following to the last Sunday of August. It is a pyrotechnic event that takes place on Main Street. The shooters, led by Mayor Fireworks, burn 50,000 rockets with an intensity of 2,000 rockets per minute. The professional and amateur shooters can shoot rockets in space enabled, the cohetódromo during the development of the major festivals. On the same day of La Cordá, and the previous day, are held other outstanding pyrotechnic events: the Rocket House Parade and Correfoc dels Dimonis of Massalfasar which from 2010 is organized by The Federation of Paterna Interpenyes and the Gatzara Gang, respectively, which take place in the center streets of Paterna. Also, after of La Cordá, in The Central Park, the penyas in the municipality, together with some neighbors, the traditional Recorda is discharged, which continue until 7 am.
Gastronomy
In addition to the typical cuisine of the area of Valencia: paellaPaella
Paella is a Valencian rice dish that originated in its modern form in the mid-19th century near lake Albufera, a lagoon in Valencia, on the east coast of Spain. Many non-Spaniards view paella as Spain's national dish, but most Spaniards consider it to be a regional Valencian dish...
, rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
and vegetables, stand out the cachap: sweet pastry
Puff pastry
In baking, a puff pastry is a light, flaky, leavened pastry containing several layers of fat which is in solid state at 20 °C . In raw form, puff pastry is a dough which is spread with solid fat and repeatedly folded and rolled out and used to produce the aforementioned pastries...
filled with a special typical cream of Paterna .
Twin towns
Adeje, Spain BurbankBurbank, California
Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States, north of downtown Los Angeles. The estimated population in 2010 was 103,340....
, United States Marino
Marino, Italy
Marino is an Italian city and comune in Lazio , on the Alban Hills, Italy, 21 km south east of Rome, with population of 37,684 and a territory of 26.10 km2...
, Italy