Park Slope, Brooklyn
Encyclopedia
Park Slope
ZIP Code
ZIP Code
ZIP codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, is properly written in capital letters and was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly, when senders use the...

11215, 11217
Population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...

 
Median age
65,047
34.4
Demographics
Demographics
Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...

White
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...


Black
Asian
Other
Two races
Hispanic*
68%
8%
6%
13%
5%
27%
Median income
Median household income
The median household income is commonly used to generate data about geographic areas and divides households into two equal segments with the first half of households earning less than the median household income and the other half earning more...

$96,532
Source: United States Census, 2000
United States Census, 2000
The Twenty-second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons enumerated during the 1990 Census...

 

*:Hispanic of any race

Park Slope is a neighborhood in western Brooklyn
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with nearly 2.6 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated...

, New York City's
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

 most populous borough
Borough (New York City)
New York City, one of the largest cities in the world, is composed of five boroughs. Each borough now has the same boundaries as the county it is in. County governments were dissolved when the city consolidated in 1898, along with all city, town, and village governments within each county...

. Park Slope is roughly bounded by Prospect Park West to the east, Fourth Avenue
Fourth Avenue (Brooklyn)
Fourth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It stretches for south from Times Plaza, which is the triangle intersection created by Atlantic and Flatbush Avenues in Downtown Brooklyn, to Shore Road and the Belt Parkway in Bay Ridge.While southwestern Brooklyn is...

 to the west, Flatbush Avenue to the north, and 15th Street to the south, though other definitions are sometimes offered. Generally the section from Flatbush Ave. to Garfield St. (the "name streets") are considered the North Slope, 1st St. through 9th Street is considered the "Center Slope" and 10th St. through the Prospect Expressway is the "South Slope." The neighborhood takes its name from its location on the western slope of neighboring Prospect Park
Prospect Park (Brooklyn)
Prospect Park is a 585-acre public park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn located between Park Slope, Prospect-Lefferts Gardens, Kensington, Windsor Terrace and Flatbush Avenue, Grand Army Plaza and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden...

. Seventh Avenue and Fifth Avenue are its primary commercial streets, while its east-west side streets are populated by many historic brownstone
Brownstone
Brownstone is a brown Triassic or Jurassic sandstone which was once a popular building material. The term is also used in the United States to refer to a terraced house clad in this material.-Types:-Apostle Island brownstone:...

s.

Park Slope features historic buildings, top-rated restaurants, bars, and shops, as well as proximity to Prospect Park
Prospect Park (Brooklyn)
Prospect Park is a 585-acre public park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn located between Park Slope, Prospect-Lefferts Gardens, Kensington, Windsor Terrace and Flatbush Avenue, Grand Army Plaza and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden...

, the Brooklyn Academy of Music
Brooklyn Academy of Music
Brooklyn Academy of Music is a major performing arts venue in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, United States, known as a center for progressive and avant garde performance....

, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Brooklyn Botanic Garden is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown Heights, and Park Slope neighborhoods, the garden includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden," plant collections, and the Steinhardt Conservatory,...

, the Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn Museum
The Brooklyn Museum is an encyclopedia art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At 560,000 square feet, the museum holds New York City's second largest art collection with roughly 1.5 million works....

, the Brooklyn Conservatory of Music
Brooklyn Conservatory of Music
The Brooklyn-Queens Conservatory of Music, locally known as the Brooklyn Conservatory, is a music conservatory located in Brooklyn, New York City. It offers a broad range of instruction in areas of American Song, jazz and gospel singing, Latin jazz, and African drumming...

, and the Central Library (as well as the Park Slope branch) of the Brooklyn Public Library system
Brooklyn Public Library
The Brooklyn Public Library is the public library system of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It is the fifth largest public library system in the United States. Like the two other public library systems in New York City, it is an independent nonprofit organization that is funded by the...

.

The neighborhood had a population of about 62,200 as of the 2000 census, resulting in a population density of approximately 68,000/square mile, or approximately 26,000/square kilometer.

Park Slope is considered one of New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

's most desirable neighborhoods. In 2010, it was ranked number 1 in New York by New York Magazine citing its quality public schools, dining, nightlife, shopping, access to public transit, green space, quality housing, safety, and creative capital, among other aspects.

It was named one of the "Greatest Neighborhoods in America" by the American Planning Association
American Planning Association
The American Planning Association is a professional organization representing the field of city and regional planning in the United States. The APA was formed in 1978 when two separate professional planning organizations, the American Institute of Planners and the American Society of Planning...

 in 2007, "for its architectural and historical features and its diverse mix of residents and businesses, all of which are supported and preserved by its active and involved citizenry."

In December 2006, Natural Home magazine named Park Slope one of America's ten best neighborhoods based on criteria including parks, green spaces and neighborhood gathering spaces; farmer’s markets and community gardens; public transportation and locally-owned businesses; and environmental and social policy. Park Slope is part of Brooklyn Community Board 6
Brooklyn Community Board 6
Brooklyn Community Board 6 is a local governmental body in the New York City borough of Brooklyn that encompasses the neighborhoods of Red Hook, Carroll Gardens, Park Slope, Gowanus, and Cobble Hill...

.

Early history

The area that today comprises the neighborhood of Park Slope was first inhabited by the Native Americans
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...

 of the Lenape
Lenape
The Lenape are an Algonquian group of Native Americans of the Northeastern Woodlands. They are also called Delaware Indians. As a result of the American Revolutionary War and later Indian removals from the eastern United States, today the main groups live in Canada, where they are enrolled in the...

 people. The Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

 colonized the area by the 17th century and farmed the region for more than 200 years. During the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...

 on August 27, 1776, the Park Slope area served as the backdrop for the beginning of the Battle of Long Island
Battle of Long Island
The Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn or the Battle of Brooklyn Heights, fought on August 27, 1776, was the first major battle in the American Revolutionary War following the United States Declaration of Independence, the largest battle of the entire conflict, and the...

, also called the Battle of Brooklyn. The American Soldiers were set up on 14th street. In this battle, over 10,000 British Redcoats
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...

 and Hessians routed outnumbered American forces at Battle Pass. What appeared as a major defeat for the Continentals was actually the first of many of Washington's tactical retreats. The historic site of Battle Pass is now preserved in Prospect Park, and on Fifth Avenue there is a reconstruction of the stone farmhouse where a countercharge covered the American retreat.

19th-century development

In 1814, ferry service from the nearby Brooklyn Terminal linked the South Brooklyn
South Brooklyn
South Brooklyn is a region or composite neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, encompassing areas of Cobble Hill, Red Hook, Gowanus, Park Slope, and Boerum Hill. Thus it is roughly encompassed by Brooklyn Community Board 6, which in turn approximates the southern half of the 18th...

 region to Manhattan
Manhattan
Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...

. By the 1850s, a local lawyer
Lawyer
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...

 and railroad developer named Edwin Clarke Litchfield (1815–1885) purchased large tracts of what was then farmland. Through the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

 era, he sold off much of his land to residential developers. During the 1860s, the City of Brooklyn purchased his estate and adjoining property to complete the West Drive and the southern portion of the Long Meadow in Prospect Park
Prospect Park (Brooklyn)
Prospect Park is a 585-acre public park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn located between Park Slope, Prospect-Lefferts Gardens, Kensington, Windsor Terrace and Flatbush Avenue, Grand Army Plaza and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden...

.

Park Slope’s bucolic period ended soon after. By the late 1870s, with horse-drawn rail cars running to the park and the ferry, bringing many rich New Yorkers in the process, urban sprawl
Urban sprawl
Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is a multifaceted concept, which includes the spreading outwards of a city and its suburbs to its outskirts to low-density and auto-dependent development on rural land, high segregation of uses Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is a...

 dramatically changed the neighborhood into a streetcar suburb
Streetcar suburb
A streetcar suburb is a residential community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation. Early suburbs were served by horsecars, but by the late 19th century cable cars and electric streetcars, or trams, were used, allowing...

. Many of the large Victorian mansions
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...

 on Prospect Park West, known as the Gold Coast, were built in the 1880s and 1890s to take advantage of the beautiful park views. Today, many of these buildings are preserved within the 24-block Park Slope Historic District, one of New York's largest landmarked neighborhoods. By 1883, with the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge
The Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River...

, Park Slope continued to boom and subsequent brick
Brick
A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.-History:...

 and brownstone
Brownstone
Brownstone is a brown Triassic or Jurassic sandstone which was once a popular building material. The term is also used in the United States to refer to a terraced house clad in this material.-Types:-Apostle Island brownstone:...

 structures pushed the neighborhood's borders farther. The 1890 census showed Park Slope to be the richest community in the United States.
In 1892, President Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents...

 presided over the unveiling of The Soldiers and Sailors Arch at Grand Army Plaza, a notable Park Slope landmark. The Park Slope Armory
Eighth Avenue (14th Brooklyn Regiment) Armory
Eighth Avenue Armory, also known as the Park Slope Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It is a brick and stone castle-like structure completed in 1893, and designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe...

 was completed in 1893.

The Old Stone House is a 1930 reconstruction of the Vechte-Cortelyou House which was destroyed in 1897. It is located on Third Street between Fourth and Fifth Avenues, beside the former Gowanus Creek.

Baseball history

Baseball
Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The aim is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot diamond...

 has played a prominent role in the history of the Park Slope area. From 1879-1889, the Brooklyn Atlantics
Brooklyn Atlantics
The Atlantic Base Ball Club of Brooklyn was baseball's first champion and its first dynasty.Established in 1855, Atlantic was a founding member of the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1857. In 1859, with a record of 11 wins and 1 loss, Atlantic emerged as the recognized champions of...

 (later to become the Dodgers
Los Angeles Dodgers
The Los Angeles Dodgers are a professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers are members of Major League Baseball's National League West Division. Established in 1883, the team originated in Brooklyn, New York, where it was known by a number of nicknames before becoming...

) played at Washington Park on 5th Avenue between 3rd and 4th Streets. When the park was destroyed by a fire, the team moved to their part-time home in Ridgewood
Ridgewood, Queens
Ridgewood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. It borders the neighborhoods of Maspeth, Middle Village and Glendale, as well as the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bushwick. Historically, the neighborhood straddled the Queens-Brooklyn boundary. The neighborhood is part of Queens...

, Queens
Queens
Queens is the easternmost of the five boroughs of New York City. The largest borough in area and the second-largest in population, it is coextensive with Queens County, an administrative division of New York state, in the United States....

 and then to a park in East New York
East New York, Brooklyn
East New York is a residential neighborhood located in the Eastern section of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, United States. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 5...

. In 1898, the "New" Washington Park was built between Third and Fourth Avenues and between First and Third Streets near the Gowanus Canal
Gowanus Canal
The Gowanus Canal, also known as the Gowanus Creek Canal, is a canal in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, geographically on the westernmost portion of Long Island...

. The team, by this point known as the Dodgers, played to an ever-growing fan base at this location. By the end of the 1912 season, it was clear that the team had outgrown the field, and the neighborhood. Team owner Charles Ebbets
Charles Ebbets
Charles Hercules Ebbets, Sr. was an American sports executive who owned the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1902 to 1925.-Biography:...

 moved the team to his Ebbets Field
Ebbets Field
Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball park located in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York, USA, on a city block which is now considered to be part of the Crown Heights neighborhood. It was the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League. It was also a venue for professional football...

 stadium in Flatbush
Flatbush, Brooklyn
Flatbush is a community of the Borough of Brooklyn, a part of New York City, consisting of several neighborhoods.The name Flatbush is an Anglicization of the Dutch language Vlacke bos ....

 for the beginning of the 1913 season. The team went on to have historic crosstown rivalries with both the New York Giants and New York Yankees
Yankees-Dodgers Rivalry
The Yankees–Dodgers rivalry is one of the most well-known rivalries in Major League Baseball. The two teams have met 11 times in the World Series, more times than any other pair of teams from the American and National Leagues. The initial significance was embodied in the two teams' proximity in New...

.

Crash of United Flight 826

On December 16, 1960, two airliners collided above Staten Island
Staten Island
Staten Island is a borough of New York City, New York, United States, located in the southwest part of the city. Staten Island is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay...

, killing 135 people in what was the worst U.S. aviation disaster to date. One of the airplanes, a Douglas DC-8
Douglas DC-8
The Douglas DC-8 is a four-engined narrow-body passenger commercial jet airliner, manufactured from 1958 to 1972 by the Douglas Aircraft Company...

 operating as United Airlines
United Airlines
United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Continental...

 Flight 826, was able to stay airborne for a few miles before crashing near the corner of Sterling Place and Seventh Avenue, destroying several buildings. Almost everyone on board was instantly killed, except for one 11-year-old boy who survived the night before succumbing to his injuries.

Blight, Renewal and Gentrification

Through the 1950s, Park Slope saw its decline as a result of suburban sprawl and declining local industries. Many of the wealthy and middle-class families fled for the suburban life
White flight
White flight has been a term that originated in the United States, starting in the mid-20th century, and applied to the large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban or exurban regions. It was first seen as...

 and Park Slope became a rougher, more working class
Working class
Working class is a term used in the social sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs , often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes...

 neighborhood. It was mostly Italian and Irish in the 1950s and 1960s, though this changed in the 1960s and 1970s as the black and Latino population of the Slope increased and many of the Italian and Irish population began to relocate.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, hippies and artists began to buy and renovate brownstones, often converting them from rooming house into single and two-family homes, as Park Slope native and long-time New York journalist Pete Hammill recalled in a 2008 article http://nymag.com/anniversary/40th/50654/ for New York magazine. Preservationists helped secure landmark status for many of the neighborhood's blocks of historic row houses
Row houses
The Row at Stanford University is made up of 36 student-managed houses, from the Cowell Cluster to the Lake Houses and all along Mayfield Avenue, with a total population of a little over 1600 students. Houses range in occupancy from 22 to 59...

, brownstone
Brownstone
Brownstone is a brown Triassic or Jurassic sandstone which was once a popular building material. The term is also used in the United States to refer to a terraced house clad in this material.-Types:-Apostle Island brownstone:...

, and Queen Anne, Renaissance Revival
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...

, and Romanesque mansions
Roman architecture
Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. The Romans were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics...

. After the 1973 creation of the landmark district, primarily above 7th Avenue, gentrification began to take off. Throughout the 1970s the blocks above 7th Avenue (closer to the Park) and increasingly below 7th Ave, as well, saw an influx of young professional couples and lesbians. This trend accelerated during the 1980s and 1990s as working class families were generally replaced by upper middle-class people being priced out of Manhattan or Brooklyn Heights. The Park Slope Historic District
Park Slope Historic District
Park Slope Historic District is a national historic district in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It consists of 1,802 contributing buildings built between 1862 and about 1920. The 33 block district is almost exclusively residential and located adjacent to Prospect Park...

 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...

 in 1980.

Since the mid-1990s younger, childless professionals who in previous decades would most likely have lived in Manhattan have been moving to the neighborhood in ever-increasing numbers. Gentrification has also overflowed even into the surrounding areas, such as Prospect Heights to the north and Windsor Terrace to the southeast. The influx of these new upper middle class residents have made Park Slope one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in Brooklyn
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with nearly 2.6 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated...

.

A 2001 report by the New York City Rent Guidelines Board found that from 1990 to 1999, rent
Renting
Renting is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property owned by another. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership from landowners...

s in Park Slope increased by 3.5-4.4% per year, depending on what kind of building the apartment was in. The explosion of property values inspired real estate agents to be increasingly generous about the borders of Park Slope, not unlike the rebranding
Neighborhood rebranding in New York City
Neighborhood rebranding in New York City has been a constant phenomenon for decades as real estate promoters, community groups and residents all sometimes rename communities to increase prestige and distance themselves from an older negative reputation...

 that expanded Fort Greene
Fort Greene, Brooklyn
Fort Greene is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Part of Brooklyn Community Board 2, Fort Greene is listed on the New York State Registry and on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a New York City-designated Historic District...

 into Bedford-Stuyvesant
Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn
Bedford-Stuyvesant is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Formed in 1930, the neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 3, Brooklyn Community Board 8 and Brooklyn Community Board 16. The neighborhood is patrolled by the NYPD's 79th and 81st...

; South Slope, Prospect Heights
Prospect Heights, Brooklyn
Prospect Heights is a neighborhood in the northwest of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The traditional boundaries are Flatbush Avenue to the west, Atlantic Avenue to the north, Eastern Parkway to the south, and Washington Avenue to the east...

, Windsor Terrace
Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
Windsor Terrace is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded by Prospect Park to the northeast and Green-Wood Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark, to the southwest. Its southeastern boundary is Caton Avenue, while to the northwest it is bordered by Prospect Park West...

, Gowanus
Gowanus, Brooklyn
Gowanus is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 6.The Gowanus area has been an active center of industrial and shipping activity since the 1860s...

, Greenwood Heights, and Boerum Hill
Boerum Hill
Boerum Hill is a small neighborhood in the northwestern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn that occupies 36 blocks bounded by State Street to the north, 4th Avenue to the east, Smith Street to the west, and Warren Street to the south. Commercial strips line Smith Street and Atlantic...

 all became to some extent part of greater Park Slope.

The negative impact, however, of gentrification
Gentrification
Gentrification and urban gentrification refer to the changes that result when wealthier people acquire or rent property in low income and working class communities. Urban gentrification is associated with movement. Consequent to gentrification, the average income increases and average family size...

 is the displacement of the population that settled here in the 1980s. As the more affluent began to move into Park Slope, the rising rents made it difficult for low-income residents to stay. Thanks to rent stabilization
Rent control in New York
Rent control in New York refers to rent control and rent stabilization programs in New York State, USA. Each city may choose whether to participate or not, and , 51 municipalities participated in the program, including Albany, Buffalo and most famously, New York City, where over one million...

 and the "cachet" of specific addresses, it is not uncommon to find those same early immigrants who moved into the neighborhood living adjacent to later renters paying two to three times higher rent.

The commercial impacts of the renewal can also be seen along the popular Fifth Avenue stretch, where numerous banks and bars have replaced old neighborhood staples such as the Salvation Army
Salvation Army
The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian church known for its thrift stores and charity work. It is an international movement that currently works in over a hundred countries....

 and once popular dollar store
Dollar store
A variety store or price-point retailer is a retail store that sells inexpensive items, often with a single price for all items in the store...

s. Similarly, on Seventh Avenue, many small family-owned bookstores and coffee shops
Coffeehouse
A coffeehouse or coffee shop is an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee or other hot beverages. It shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant, but it is different from a cafeteria. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on...

 saw a reduction in clientele when Barnes & Noble
Barnes & Noble
Barnes & Noble, Inc. is the largest book retailer in the United States, operating mainly through its Barnes & Noble Booksellers chain of bookstores headquartered at 122 Fifth Avenue in the Flatiron District in Manhattan in New York City. Barnes & Noble also operated the chain of small B. Dalton...

 and Starbucks
Starbucks
Starbucks Corporation is an international coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 17,009 stores in 55 countries, including over 11,000 in the United States, over 1,000 in Canada, over 700 in the United Kingdom, and...

 appeared in the neighborhood. While renewal and the ensuing rush of brand name stores normally signal a driving down of prices, in some industries such as food services, prices have gone up.

Transportation

The neighborhood is well served by the New York City Subway
New York City Subway
The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and also known as MTA New York City Transit...

. Several lines have stops in Park Slope. The IND Culver Line
IND Culver Line
The IND Culver Line is a rapid transit line of the B Division of the New York City Subway, extending from Downtown Brooklyn south to Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City, United States...

 ( trains) run along 9th Street, a main shopping street, stopping at Fourth Avenue, Seventh Avenue
Seventh Avenue (IND Culver Line)
Seventh Avenue, occasionally referred to as Seventh Avenue – Park Slope, is an express station on the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway, located at Seventh Avenue and Ninth Street in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn...

 and 15th Street – Prospect Park/Prospect Park West. The IRT Eastern Parkway Line
IRT Eastern Parkway Line
IRT Eastern Parkway Line and New Lots Line can refer to:* IRT Eastern Parkway Line* IRT New Lots Line...

 ( trains) runs under Flatbush Avenue with an express stop at Atlantic Avenue, and local stops at Bergen Street
Bergen Street (IRT Eastern Parkway Line)
Bergen Street is a local station on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line of the New York City Subway, located at Bergen Street and Flatbush Avenue in Park Slope, Brooklyn. It is served by the 2 and 3 trains, the latter of which is replaced by the 4 train during late nights.This underground station, opened...

 and Grand Army Plaza
Grand Army Plaza (IRT Eastern Parkway Line)
Grand Army Plaza is a local station on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line of the New York City Subway. It is located in Park Slope, Brooklyn, underneath Flatbush Avenue at its northwest intersection with Grand Army Plaza. The station is close to Prospect Park, and is thus identified as Grand Army Plaza –...

. The BMT Fourth Avenue Line
BMT Fourth Avenue Line
The Fourth Avenue Line is a rapid transit line of the BMT division of the New York City Subway, mainly running under Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn. Fourth Avenue never had a streetcar line or elevated railway due to the provisions of the assessment charged to neighboring property owners when the street...

 ( trains) makes stops at Prospect Avenue
Prospect Avenue (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)
Prospect Avenue is a local station on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn of the New York City Subway. Located at Prospect Avenue and Fourth Avenue near the border of Sunset Park and Park Slope, it is served by the R train at all times except late nights, when the D and N assume local service...

, Ninth Street, Union Street
Union Street (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)
Union Street is a local station on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It is located at the corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street in Brooklyn, New York City, serving the communities of Park Slope and Carroll Gardens...

 and Atlantic Avenue – Pacific Street. The BMT Brighton Line
BMT Brighton Line
The BMT Brighton Line is a rapid transit line of the B Division of the New York City Subway in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. Local service is provided at all times by the Q train. The Q is joined by the B express train on weekdays...

 ( trains) also passes through the neighborhood under Flatbush Avenue making stops at Atlantic Avenue and Seventh Avenue
Seventh Avenue (BMT Brighton Line)
Seventh Avenue is a station on the BMT Brighton Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Seventh Avenue and Flatbush Avenue in Park Slope, Brooklyn. It is served by the Q train at all times and the B train on weekdays...

. All three stations at Atlantic Avenue are connected with passageways to allow free transfers between the numerous subway services there.

Community institutions

  • Park Slope Food Co-op on Union Street has approximately 15,000 members from Park Slope and other neighborhoods. Only members may shop there and membership requires a work commitment of 2 3/4 hours every four weeks.
  • Park Slope Volunteer Ambulance Corps
    Park Slope Volunteer Ambulance Corps
    The Park Slope Volunteer Ambulance Corps, or PSVAC, is a community organization that provides emergency medical response, rescue operations, patient assessment, treatment, and transport, regardless of ability to pay in Brooklyn, New York...

     provides emergency medical services to community members regardless of ability to pay.

  • The Brooklyn Conservatory of Music, part of the Brooklyn Queens Conservatory of Music, is a community music school, offering music classes, ensembles and choral opportunities, and individual instrumental and vocal lessons to students from 18 months old to adults. It was founded in 1897.

Religious institutions

Park Slope is home to a wide variety of religious institutions, or houses of worship, including many churches and synagogues. Most are historic buildings, and date back many decades. Park Slope is home to the largest Reform Jewish synagogue in Brooklyn, Beth Elohim, which is also the longest running congregation.

There is a significant Jewish population in Park Slope, allowing for a number of synagogues along the religious spectrum. In addition, there are a few congregations that meet less regularly, and have house of worship of their own. In addition to a number of synagogues, there is an Eruv
Eruv
An Eruv is a ritual enclosure around most Orthodox Jewish and Conservative Jewish homes or communities. In such communities, an Eruv is seen to enable the carrying of objects out of doors on the Jewish Sabbath that would otherwise be forbidden by Torah law...

, sponsored by Congregation B'nai Jacob, that surrounds Park Slope.
Synagogue Denomination Location
Park Slope Jewish Center Conservative 14th Street & 8th Avenue
Congregation B'nai Jacob Orthodox 401 9th Street
Beth Elohim Reform 274 Garfield Place
Kolot Chayenu Reconstructionist 1012 8th Avenue

Public schools

Public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education
New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education is the branch of municipal government in New York City that manages the city's public school system. It is the largest school system in the United States, with over 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,700 separate schools...

. Park Slope is in two different Community School Districts - District 13 and District 15. The border between these two districts is Union Street from Prospect Park West to Sixth Avenue and then President Street from Sixth Avenue to Fourth Avenue; north of this border is District 13, south of this border is District 15. Students are zoned to schools for Elementary School; both District 13 and District 15 place students in Middle School based on the student's ranking of acceptable Middle Schools. There are three high schools in Park Slope, the Secondary Schools for Law, Journalism and Research (formerly John Jay High School) though students from Park Slope attend high schools throughout the city, to which they must apply.

  • MS 51 (6-8) on Fifth Avenue, between Fourth and Fifth Streets.
  • MS 266 (6-8) on Park Place between Sixth and Fifth Avenues.
  • PS 39 (preK-5, District 15) on Sixth Avenue, between Seventh and Eighth Streets. Also see http://ps39.org.
  • PS 107 (preK-5, District 15) on Eighth Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets. Also see http://ps107.org.
  • PS 124 (preK-5, District 15) on Fourth Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets.
  • PS 133 (preK-5, District 13) on Fourth Avenue, between Butler and Baltic Streets.
  • PS 282 (preK-5, District 13) on Sixth Avenue, between Berkeley Place and Lincoln Place. Also see http://www.ps282.org.
  • PS 321 (preK-5, District 15) on Seventh Avenue, between First and Second Streets. Also see http://ps321.org.
  • Secondary School for Law, Journalism and Research
    Secondary School for Law, Journalism and Research
    The Secondary Schools for Law, Journalism and Research and Millenium Brooklyn are four high schools in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States...

    http://schoolforresearch.org (6-12) (Formerly John Jay HS), 237 Seventh Avenue between Fourth and Fifth Streets.

Private schools

  • Beth Elohim Day School (preK-K) on Eighth Avenue and Garfield Place.
  • Berkeley Carroll School
    Berkeley Carroll School
    The Berkeley Carroll School is an independent, nonsectarian, coed day school, enrolling about 800 students from pre-kindergarten through high school...

     (preK-12) on Lincoln Place, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues; Carroll Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues; and President Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.
  • Brooklyn Free School (ages 5–15) on Sixteenth Street, between Fourth and Fifth Avenues. See democratic education
    Democratic education
    Democratic education is a theory of learning and school governance in which students and staff participate freely and equally in a school democracy...

    .
  • Bishop Ford Central Catholic High School (9-12) 19th Street between Prospect Park West and John P Devaney Boulevard
  • Chai Tots Preschool Corner of Prospect Park West and 3rd St.
  • Montessori School of New York (ages 2–13) on Eighth Avenue between Carroll and President Streets. See Montessori.
  • Poly Prep's Lower School (part of Poly Prep Country Day School) (PreK-4) on Prospect Park West between First and Second Streets.
  • St. Francis Xavier (Catholic School) (K-8). 763 President St. between 6th & 7th Avenue.
  • St. Saviour Elementary School (Catholic School) (preK-8) 8th Ave between 7th and 8th Street
  • St. Saviour High School
    Saint Saviour High School of Brooklyn
    Saint Saviour High School of Brooklyn is an all-girls, private, Roman Catholic high school, located in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York. It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn....

     (all girls Catholic School) (9-12) 6th Street between 8th Avenue and Prospect Park West

Actors

  • Jon Abrahams
    Jon Abrahams
    Jon Avery Abrahams is an American film and television actor.-Life and career:Abrahams attended Saint Ann's School in Brooklyn....

  • Steve Buscemi
    Steve Buscemi
    Steven Vincent "Steve" Buscemi is an American actor, writer and film director. An associate member of the renowned experimental theater company The Wooster Group, Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films including New York Stories, Mystery Train, Reservoir Dogs,...

  • David Cross
    David Cross
    David Cross is an American actor, writer and stand-up comedian perhaps best known for his work on HBO's sketch comedy series Mr...

  • Kathryn Erbe
    Kathryn Erbe
    Kathryn Elsbeth Erbe is an American actress known for her role as Det. Alexandra Eames in Law & Order: Criminal Intent, a spin-off of Law & Order, and death row inmate Shirley Bellinger in the HBO series Oz.-Personal life:...

  • Laurence Fishburne
    Laurence Fishburne
    Laurence John Fishburne III is an American film and stage actor, playwright, director, and producer. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Morpheus in the Matrix science fiction film trilogy, as Cowboy Curtis on the 1980's television show Pee-wee's Playhouse, and as singer-musician Ike Turner...

  • Zena Grey
    Zena Grey
    Zena Lotus Grey is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the Hollywood films Snow Day, Max Keeble's Big Move, and The Shaggy Dog....

  • Maggie Gyllenhaal
    Maggie Gyllenhaal
    Margaret Ruth "Maggie" Gyllenhaal born November 16, 1977) is an American actress. She is the daughter of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal. She made her screen debut when she began to appear in her father's films...

  • Tom Hanks
    Tom Hanks
    Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks is an American actor, producer, writer, and director. Hanks worked in television and family-friendly comedies, gaining wide notice in 1988's Big, before achieving success as a dramatic actor in several notable roles, including Andrew Beckett in Philadelphia, the title...

  • John Hodgman
    John Hodgman
    John Kellogg Hodgman is an American author, actor, and humorist. In addition to his published written works, such as The Areas of My Expertise, More Information Than You Require, and That Is All, he is known for his personification of a PC in contrast to Justin Long's personification of a Mac in...

  • Robin Johnson
    Robin Johnson
    Robin Johnson , is an American actress. Johnson grew up in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City. She graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School in 1982.-Films:*1980: Times Square*1983: Baby It's You*1984: Splitz...

  • Terry Kinney
    Terry Kinney
    Terry Kinney is an American actor and theatre director, and is a founding member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, with Gary Sinise and Jeff Perry.-Early life:...

  • Athan Maroulis
    Athan Maroulis
    Athanasios Demetrios Maroulis is an actor, vocalist and record producer born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the older brother of singer Constantine Maroulis....

  • Kelly McGillis
    Kelly McGillis
    Kelly Ann McGillis is an American actress. Her films include Top Gun, The Accused, and Witness, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination.-Career:...

  • Keri Russell
    Keri Russell
    Keri Lynn Russell is an American actress and dancer. After appearing in a number of made-for-television films and series during the mid-1990s, she came to fame for portraying the title role of Felicity Porter on the series Felicity, which ran from 1998 to 2002, and for which she won a Golden Globe...

  • Peter Sarsgaard
    Peter Sarsgaard
    John Peter Sarsgaard is an American film and stage actor. He landed his first feature role in the movie Dead Man Walking in 1995. He then appeared in the 1998 independent films Another Day in Paradise and Desert Blue. That same year, Sarsgaard received a substantial role in The Man in the Iron...

  • Streeter Seidell
    Streeter Seidell
    Streeter Seidell is an American comedian, writer, actor, and TV host. Seidell first gained popularity as part of the cast of CollegeHumor’s online skits, although he has written and edited the site’s front page before then...

  • Michael Showalter
    Michael Showalter
    Michael English Showalter is an American comedian, actor, writer, and director. He is a member of the sketch comedy trio Stella. Showalter first came to recognition as a cast member on MTV's The State, which aired from 1993 to 1995...

  • Julia Stiles
    Julia Stiles
    Julia O'Hara Stiles is an American actress.After beginning her career in small parts in a New York City theatre troupe, she has moved on to leading roles in plays by writers as diverse as William Shakespeare and David Mamet...

  • John Turturro
    John Turturro
    John Michael Turturro is an American actor, writer and director known for his roles in the films Do the Right Thing , Miller's Crossing , Barton Fink , Quiz Show , The Big Lebowski , O Brother, Where Art Thou? and the Transformers film series...

  • John Ventimiglia
    John Ventimiglia
    John Ventimiglia is an American actor, known for his role as Artie Bucco on the HBO television series The Sopranos. He has had parts in feature films such as Cop Land, Jesus' Son, and Mickey Blue Eyes and has appeared in numerous television shows including Law & Order and NYPD Blue...

  • Wentworth Miller
    Wentworth Miller
    Wentworth Earl Miller III is an English-born American actor; model and screenwriter who rose to stardom following his role as Michael Scofield in the Fox Network television series Prison Break.-Early life:...


Musicians

  • Foxy Brown
  • Ingrid Michaelson
    Ingrid Michaelson
    Ingrid Ellen Egbert Michaelson is a New York-based indie-pop singer-songwriter. Her music has been featured in episodes of several popular television shows, including Scrubs, Bones, Grey's Anatomy The Big C and One Tree Hill, as well as in Old Navy's Fall 2007 Fair Isle and Opel's/Vauxhall's...

  • Jim Black
    Jim Black
    Jim Black is a jazz drummer who has performed with Tim Berne and Dave Douglas, among others. He attended Berklee College of Music....

  • Dave Douglas
    Dave Douglas (trumpeter)
    Dave Douglas is an American jazz trumpeter and composer whose music derives from many non-jazz musical styles, including classical music, folk music from European countries and Klezmer. He has been a member of the experimental big band Orange Then Blue...

  • Mark Feldman
    Mark Feldman
    Mark Feldman is an American jazz violinist.Feldman worked in Chicago from 1973 to 1980, and in Nashville, Tennessee from 1980 to 1986. He worked in New York City and Western Europe from 1986. Feldman often works with John Zorn, Sylvie Courvoisier, John Abercrombie, The Masada String Trio, Dave...

  • Michael Hearst
    Michael Hearst
    Michael Marcus Hearst is a composer, multi-instrumentalist, and writer. His musical instruments include claviola, theremin, guitar, piano, drums and bass...

  • John Linnell
    John Linnell
    John Sidney Linnell is an American musician, is known primarily as one half of Brooklyn, New York alternative rock duo They Might Be Giants...

  • Chris Speed
    Chris Speed
    Chris Speed is an American saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer.He studied classical piano from the age of five, and began clarinet at eleven. In high school he took up the tenor saxophone and began studying jazz...

  • Geoff Rickly
    Geoff Rickly
    Geoffrey William Rickly Geoffrey William Rickly Geoffrey William Rickly (born March 8, 1979 is the lead singer and songwriter of Thursday, an American rock band from New Brunswick, New Jersey. They have released six studio albums. Rickly grew up in Dumont, New Jersey...

  • Ravi Coltrane
    Ravi Coltrane
    Ravi Coltrane is an American post-bop jazz saxophonist. Co-owner of the record label RKM Music, he has produced artists such as pianist Luis Perdomo , guitarist David Gilmore and trumpeter Ralph Alessi....

  • Michael Weiss
    Michael Weiss (composer)
    Michael David Weiss , is a jazz pianist and composer best known for his fifteen year association with saxophonist Johnny Griffin....

  • Angelique Kidjo
    Angélique Kidjo
    Angélique Kpasseloko Hinto Hounsinou Kandjo Manta Zogbin Kidjo, commonly known as Angélique Kidjo is a Grammy Award–winning Beninoise singer-songwriter and activist, noted for her diverse musical influences and creative music videos. Time Magazine has called her "Africa's premier diva". The BBC has...

  • Jonathan Coulton
    Jonathan Coulton
    Jonathan Coulton is an American singer-songwriter, known for his songs about geek culture and his use of the Internet to draw fans...

  • Talib Kweli
    Talib Kweli
    Talib Kweli Greene , better known as Talib Kweli, is an American hip-hop artist and poet from Brooklyn, New York. His first name in Arabic means "student" or "seeker" ; his in Swahili means "true"...

     grew up in Park Slope
  • Sam Altman
    Sam Altman
    Sam Altman is a co-founder and CEO of Loopt, a location-based social networking mobile application. Loopt was founded during Altman's sophomore year at Stanford University where he studied computer science with a focus on security and machine learning...

  • Smoosh
    Smoosh
    Smoosh is an American indie pop band from Seattle, Washington. They have released three albums, She Like Electric, Free to Stay and Withershins, all of which were written and performed by singer/keyboardist Asya and her sister, drummer Chloe...

  • Scott Klopfenstein
    Scott Klopfenstein
    Scott Allen "Scotty" Klopfenstein is an American musician and a former member of the band Reel Big Fish. He plays trumpet, guitar, keyboard, and sings....

  • Simone Dinnerstein
    Simone Dinnerstein
    Simone Dinnerstein is an American classical pianist who became celebrated, both critically and commercially, for her self-financed recording of Johann Sebastian Bach's Goldberg Variations, released in 2007.-Education:...


Artists

  • Janine Antoni
    Janine Antoni
    Janine Antoni is a contemporary artist whose work focuses mostly on process. She often uses her whole body or different parts of it, such as her mouth, hair, eyelashes, and brain as tools and with them performs everyday activities to create her artwork.She graduated from Sarah Lawrence College...

  • Jean-Michel Basquiat
    Jean-Michel Basquiat
    Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American artist. His career in art began as a graffiti artist in New York City in the late 1970s, and in the 1980s produced Neo-expressionist painting.-Early life:...

  • Alex Grey
    Alex Grey
    Alex Grey is an American artist specializing in spiritual and psychedelic art that is sometimes associated with the New Age movement. Grey is a Vajrayana practitioner. His body of work spans a variety of forms including performance art, process art, installation art, sculpture, visionary art, and...

  • Brett Helquist
    Brett Helquist
    Brett L. Helquist is an American illustrator best known for his work in the children's books A Series of Unfortunate Events. As such, his illustrations for that series have appeared in multiple media, including the books, the audiobook covers, the calendars, and so on.- Background :According to...

  • Paul Ramirez Jonas
    Paul Ramirez Jonas
    Paul Ramirez Jonas is a contemporary artist whose work currently explores the potential between artist and audience, artwork and public. Many of Ramirez Jonas' projects use pre-existing texts, models, or materials to reenact or prompt actions and reinsert himself into his own audience...

  • Byron Kim
    Byron Kim
    Byron Kim is a contemporary artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. In the early 1990s he produced minimalist paintings exploring racial identity. He also graduated from Yale University.-Works:...

  • David Rees
    David Rees (cartoonist)
    David Thomas Rees is a left-wing cartoonist and humorist whose best-known work combines bland clip art with outrageous "trash talk" to incongruous effect...

  • Lisa Sigal
    Lisa Sigal
    Lisa Sigal is a contemporary artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.-Career:Lisa Sigal's work lies at the intersection of painting, sculpture and architecture. Her constructions insinuate themselves into the fabric of the built environment...

  • Joan Snyder
    Joan Snyder
    Joan Snyder is an American painter from New York. She is a MacArthur Fellow and a Guggenheim Fellow. Her paintings have been exhibited at several museums, including the de Saisset Museum and the Jewish Museum.-Painting styles:...

  • Lane Twitchell
    Lane Twitchell
    Lane Twitchell is a contemporary visual artist. He lives and works in Brooklyn, New York....


Writers

  • Charles Blow
  • Amateur Gourmet
    Amateur Gourmet
    The Amateur Gourmet, or Adam Roberts, is an American food and humor blogger who resides in Los Angeles, California.Roberts, born in 1979, started the blog while a frustrated law student in Atlanta in 2004, and it was initially popularized after Roberts appeared on CNN with cupcakes resembling Janet...

     (Adam Roberts)
  • Paul Auster
    Paul Auster
    Paul Benjamin Auster is an American author known for works blending absurdism, existentialism, crime fiction and the search for identity and personal meaning in works such as The New York Trilogy , Moon Palace , The Music of Chance , The Book of Illusions and The Brooklyn Follies...

  • Franco Ambriz
    Franco Ambriz
    Franco Ambriz is a playwright and director. His plays have been produced in New York and Los Angeles. He co-wrote Footsteps In The Dark with the late Iranian director Reza Abdoh for the Los Angeles Festival, artistic director Peter Sellars...

  • Joan Bauer
  • Richard Bernstein
    Richard Bernstein
    Richard Bernstein is an American journalist, columnist, and author. He writes the Letter from America column for The International Herald Tribune...

  • Peter Blauner
    Peter Blauner
    Peter Blauner is the author of six novels, including Slow Motion Riot, which won the 1992 Edgar Award for Best First Novel from the Mystery Writers of America and was named an International Book of the Year by The Times Literary Supplement. His novel The Intruder was a New York Times bestseller...

  • Howard Bloom
    Howard Bloom
    Howard Bloom is an American author. He was a publicist in the 1970s and 1980s for singers and bands such as Prince, Billy Joel, and Styx. In 1988 he became disabled with chronic fatigue syndrome...

  • Helen Boyd
    Helen Boyd
    Helen Boyd is the pen name of Gail Kramer, the American author of two books about her relationship with her transgender partner. Her partner is referred to in both books as "Betty Crow", though this is also a pseudonym.-Biography:...

  • Arthur Bradford
    Arthur Bradford
    Arthur Houston Bradford is an American short story author and a director. He has had one book of short stories published, Dogwalker . He has won an O. Henry Award and has had his stories published in Esquire, McSweeneys, Zoetrope, Dazed & Confused, Tin House, and BOMB...

  • Bruce Brooks
    Bruce Brooks
    Bruce Brooks is an American author of young adult and children's literature. - Background :Brooks, born in Richmond, Virginia, lived most of his young life in North Carolina as a result of parental divorce. Brooks credits moving around multiple times between the two locations with making him a...

  • Rudolph Delson
    Rudolph Delson
    Rudolph Delson is an American author best known for his 2007 debut novel, Maynard and Jennica, published by Houghton Mifflin. Maynard and Jennica is a modern love story set in New York City....

  • Andrea Dworkin
    Andrea Dworkin
    Andrea Rita Dworkin was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women....

  • Jennie Fields
    Jennie Fields
    -Biography:She was born in Chicago, and raised in Highland Park, Illinois. She attended the University of Illinois and the University of Iowa, where she earned her master's degree from the Iowa Writer's Workshop. After 32 years in advertising, , she lives in Nashville, Tennessee...

  • Jonathan Safran Foer
    Jonathan Safran Foer
    Jonathan Safran Foer is an American author best known for his novels Everything Is Illuminated and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close...

  • Ben Greenman
    Ben Greenman
    Ben Greenman is an American writer and magazine editor.-Biography:Greenman was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Miami, Florida. He attended Miami Palmetto High School and then Yale University where he worked on the Yale Herald...

  • Pete Hamill
    Pete Hamill
    Pete Hamill is an American journalist, novelist, essayist, editor and educator. Widely traveled and having written on a broad range of topics, he is perhaps best known for his career as a New York City journalist, as "the author of columns that sought to capture the particular flavors of New York...

  • Colin Harrison
  • Kathryn Harrison
    Kathryn Harrison
    Kathryn Harrison is an American author.-Background and education:Harrison's maternal grandparents raised her in Los Angeles, California...

  • John Hodgman
    John Hodgman
    John Kellogg Hodgman is an American author, actor, and humorist. In addition to his published written works, such as The Areas of My Expertise, More Information Than You Require, and That Is All, he is known for his personification of a PC in contrast to Justin Long's personification of a Mac in...

  • Siri Hustvedt
    Siri Hustvedt
    Siri Hustvedt is an American novelist and essayist. Hustvedt is the author of a book of poetry, five novels, two books of essays, and a work of non-fiction...

  • Elizabeth Royte
    Elizabeth Royte
    Elizabeth Royte is an American science/nature writer. She is best known for her books Garbage Land , The Tapir's Morning Bath: Solving the Mysteries of the Tropical Rain Forest , and Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It Elizabeth Royte is an American science/nature writer. She...


  • Steven Berlin Johnson
    Steven Berlin Johnson
    Steven Berlin Johnson is an American popular science author.-Education:Steven Johnson attended the prestigious St. Albans School as a youth. He completed his undergraduate degree at Brown University, where he studied semiotics, a part of Brown's modern culture and media department...

  • Jim Knipfel
    Jim Knipfel
    Jim Knipfel , is an American novelist, autobiographer, and journalist.A native of Wisconsin, Knipfel, who suffers from retinitis pigmentosa, is the author of a series of critically acclaimed memoirs, Slackjaw, Quitting the Nairobi Trio, and Ruining It for Everybody, as well as two novels, The...

  • Nicole Krauss
    Nicole Krauss
    Nicole Krauss is an American author best known for her novels Man Walks Into a Room , The History of Love and, most recently, Great House...

  • Jonathan Lethem
    Jonathan Lethem
    Jonathan Allen Lethem is an American novelist, essayist and short story writer. His first novel, Gun, with Occasional Music, a genre work that mixed elements of science fiction and detective fiction, was published in 1994. It was followed by three more science fiction novels...

  • Michael Patrick MacDonald
    Michael Patrick MacDonald
    Michael Patrick MacDonald is an Irish-American activist against crime and violence and author of his memoir, All Souls: A Family Story From Southie. Since being involved in activism, he helped to start Boston's gun-buyback program, founded the South Boston Vigil Group, which works with survivor...

  • Daisy Martinez
    Daisy Martínez
    Daisy Maria Martinez is an actress, model, chef, television personality and author, who hosts a PBS television series, Daisy Cooks!, which launched on April 15, 2005.-Career:...

  • Rick Moody
    Rick Moody
    Rick Moody is an American novelist and short story writer best known for the 1994 novel The Ice Storm, a chronicle of the dissolution of two suburban Connecticut families over Thanksgiving weekend in 1973, which brought widespread acclaim, became a bestseller, and was made into a feature film of...

  • Itamar Moses
    Itamar Moses
    Itamar Moses is an American playwright, author, and television writer.Moses grew up in Berkeley, California, earned his bachelor's degree at Yale University, and his Master of Fine Arts degree in dramatic writing from New York University...

  • Robert Reuland
    Robert Reuland
    Robert Charles Reuland is an American attorney and author. He commenced his legal career in 1990 in the litigation department of the Wall Street law firm of Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts...

  • Douglas Rushkoff
    Douglas Rushkoff
    Douglas Rushkoff is an American media theorist, writer, columnist, lecturer, graphic novelist and documentarian. He is best known for his association with the early cyberpunk culture, and his advocacy of open source solutions to social problems.Rushkoff is most frequently regarded as a media...

  • Brian Selznick
    Brian Selznick
    Brian Selznick is a Caldecott-winning American author and illustrator of children's books.-Life and career:Selznick was born in East Brunswick Township, New Jersey...

  • Jon Scieszka
    Jon Scieszka
    Jon Scieszka was born September 8, 1954 in Flint, Michigan is an American author of children's literature, best known for his collaborations with illustrator Lane Smith. He is also a nationally recognized reading advocate, and in early 2008 was named the National Ambassador for Young People's...

  • David Shenk
    David Shenk
    David Shenk is an American writer, lecturer, and filmmaker. He is author of six books, including The Genius in All of Us , Data Smog , The Forgetting , and The Immortal Game , and has contributed to National Geographic, Slate, The New York Times, Gourmet, Harper's, Wired, The New Yorker, The New...

  • Marilyn Singer
    Marilyn Singer
    Marilyn Singer is an award-winning author of children's books in a wide variety of genres, including fiction and non-fiction picture books, juvenile novels and mysteries, young adult fantasies, and poetry. -Biography:...

  • Christopher Stackhouse
  • John Stoltenberg
    John Stoltenberg
    John Stoltenberg is an American radical feminist activist, scholar, author, and magazine editor. He is the managing editor of AARP The Magazine, a bimonthly publication of the United States-based advocacy group AARP , a position he has held since 2004.Stoltenberg was life partner to Andrea Dworkin...

  • Darin Strauss
    Darin Strauss
    Darin Strauss is an American writer based in Brooklyn, NY. Strauss's memoir Half a Life won the 2011 National Book Critics Circle Award for memoir/autobiography.-Biography:...

  • Ned Vizzini
    Ned Vizzini
    Edison Price "Ned" Vizzini is an American writer who is the author of books for young adults. He is best known for his novel Be More Chill. He has been a columnist for the New York Press since his teens.-Life and career:...

  • Mo Willems
    Mo Willems
    Mo Willems is an American writer, animator, and children's books author/illustrator.-Early life:Willems was raised in New Orleans, where he graduated from Trinity Episcopal School and the Isidore Newman School. He graduated cum laude from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He married...

  • Brian Wood
  • Jock Young
    Jock Young
    This article is about the sociologist. For the rapper, see Yung JocJock Young is a British sociologist and criminologist.He began teaching at Enfield College of Technology....

  • Norton Juster
    Norton Juster
    Norton Juster is an American architect and author. He is best known as an author of children's books, including The Phantom Tollbooth and The Dot and the Line.- Biography :...


Politics: Politicians, Activists, Operatives & Pundits

  • Carol Bellamy
    Carol Bellamy
    Carol Bellamy has been Director of the Peace Corps, Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund , and President and CEO of World Learning. In April, 2009, Bellamy was appointed as Chair of the International Baccalaureate Board of Governors...

  • James F. Brennan
    James F. Brennan
    James F. Brennan is an American politician. He is a member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 44th Assembly District . He is a Democrat and also represents the Working Families Party.-Biography:...

  • Hugh Carey
    Hugh Carey
    Hugh Leo Carey was an American attorney, the 51st Governor of New York from 1975 to 1982, and a seven-term United States Representative .- Early life :...

  • Francis Edwin Dorn
  • William Jay Gaynor
    William Jay Gaynor
    William Jay Gaynor was an American politician from New York City, associated with the Tammany Hall political machine. He served as mayor of the City of New York from 1910 to 1913, as well as stints as a New York Supreme Court Justice from 1893 to 1909.-Early life:Gaynor was born in Oriskany, New...

  • Chuck Schumer
  • Marty Markowitz
    Marty Markowitz
    Marty Markowitz is the Borough President of Brooklyn, New York City, the most populous borough in New York City with nearly 2.6 million residents. Markowitz was first elected borough president in 2001 after serving 23 years as a New York State Senator...

  • Bill de Blasio
  • William Upski Wimsatt
    William Upski Wimsatt
    William Wimsatt, also known as Billy or Upski is a social entrepreneur, author, political organizer, and former graffiti artist...

  • Patrick Gaspard
    Patrick Gaspard
    Patrick Gaspard is the Executive Director of the Democratic National Committee, and served as Director of the Office of Political Affairs for the Obama administration from January 2009 to 2011...

  • Brad Lander
    Brad Lander
    Brad Lander is a member of the New York City Council, representing the 39th Council District in Brooklyn, which covers Park Slope, Cobble Hill, Carroll Gardens, Windsor Terrace, Kensington, and Borough Park...

  • Gene Russianoff
    Gene Russianoff
    Gene Russianoff is staff attorney and chief spokesman for the Straphangers Campaign for NYPIRG, a New York City-based public transport advocacy group that focuses primarily on subway and bus services run by New York City Transit....


See also

  • 1960 New York air disaster
    1960 New York air disaster
    The 1960 New York air disaster, also known as the Park Slope Plane Crash, was a collision on December 16, 1960, between two airliners, United Airlines Flight 826 and Trans World Airlines Flight 266 over New York City, in which Flight 266 crashed into Staten Island and 826 into Park Slope, Brooklyn...

  • List of Brooklyn, New York neighborhoods
  • Streetcar suburb
    Streetcar suburb
    A streetcar suburb is a residential community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation. Early suburbs were served by horsecars, but by the late 19th century cable cars and electric streetcars, or trams, were used, allowing...


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK