Paralichthyidae
Encyclopedia
Large-tooth flounders are a family, Paralichthyidae, of flounder
Flounder
The flounder is an ocean-dwelling flatfish species that is found in coastal lagoons and estuaries of the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.-Taxonomy:There are a number of geographical and taxonomical species to which flounder belong.*Western Atlantic...

s. They lie on the sea bed on their right side; both eyes are on the left side of the head, while the Pleuronectidae
Pleuronectidae
Righteye flounders are a family, Pleuronectidae, of flounders. They are called "righteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their left side, with both eyes on the right side. The Paralichthyidae are the opposite, with their eyes on the left side.Their dorsal and anal fins are...

 are the opposite with their eyes on the right side.

They are found in temperate
Temperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...

 and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...

 and Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...

s.

Several species are important commercial and game fish
Game fish
Game fish are fish pursued for sport by recreational anglers. They can be freshwater or marine fish. Game fish can be eaten after being caught, though increasingly anglers practise catch and release to improve fish populations. Some game fish are also targeted commercially, particularly...

es, notably the California halibut
California halibut
The California halibut or California flounder, Paralichthys californicus, is a large-tooth flounder native to the waters of the Pacific Coast of North America from the Quillayute River in Washington to Magdalena Bay in Baja California. It feeds near shore and is free swimming. It typically weighs...

, Paralichthys californicus and the Pacific sanddab
Pacific sanddab
The Pacific sanddab is a species of sanddab . It is by far the most common sanddab, and it shares its habitat with the longfin sanddab and the speckled sanddab...

, Citharichthys sordidus.

Species

There are 115 species in 14 genera:
  • Genus Ancylopsetta
    • Ancylopsetta antillarum (Gutherz, 1966).
    • Cyclope flounder, Ancylopsetta cycloidea (Tyler, 1959).
    • Three-spot flounder, Ancylopsetta dendritica (Gilbert, 1890).
    • Three-eye flounder, Ancylopsetta dilecta
      Ancylopsetta dilecta
      Ancylopsetta dilecta is a species of flounder in the Paralichthyidae family. It also commonly goes by the name Three-eye flounder.-References:...

      (Goode
      George Brown Goode
      George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...

       & Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...

      , 1883)
      .
    • Foureyed flounder, Ancylopsetta kumperae (Tyler, 1959).
    • Ancylopsetta microctenus (Gutherz, 1966).
    • Gulf of Mexico ocellated flounder, Ancylopsetta ommata
      Ancylopsetta ommata
      Ancylopsetta ommata is a species of flounder in the Paralichthyidae family.-References:*P. Sheridan, SEASONAL FOODS, GONADAL MATURATION, AND LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR NINE FISHES COMMONLY CAPTURED BY SHRIMP TRAWL ON THE NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO CONTINENTAL SHELF, NOAA Technical Memorandum...

      (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1883)
      .
  • Genus Cephalopsetta
    • Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus
      Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus
      Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus is a species of large-tooth flounder, the only member of the genus Cephalopsetta.It is native to the Indian Ocean, from the Gulf of Oman in the west to the Andaman Sea in the east. Little else is known about this species....

      (Dutt & Rao, 1965).
  • Genus Citharichthys
    • Veracruz whiff, Citharichthys abbotti (Dawson, 1969).
    • Citharichthys amblybregmatus (Gutherz & Blackman, 1970).
    • Gulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons (Goode
      George Brown Goode
      George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...

      , 1880)
      .
    • Sand whiff, Citharichthys arenaceus (Evermann & Marsh, 1900).
    • Horned whiff, Citharichthys cornutus (Günther, 1880).
    • Spined whiff, Citharichthys dinoceros (Goode
      George Brown Goode
      George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...

       & Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...

      , 1886)
      .
    • Gulf sanddab
      Gulf sanddab
      The Gulf sanddab is a species of sanddab in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the coast of Manhattan Beach, California in the north to the Gulf of California in the south.It is a demersal marine fish that lives in tropical...

      , Citharichthys fragilis (Gilbert, 1890).
    • Bigmouth sanddab
      Bigmouth sanddab
      The bigmouth sanddab is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in tropical waters ranging from the Gulf of California in the north to Peru in the south...

      , Citharichthys gilberti (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889).
    • Citharichthys gnathus (Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999).
    • Mimic sanddab
      Mimic sanddab
      The mimic sanddab is a species of sanddab in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, found off the coast of Mexico...

      , Citharichthys gordae (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938).
    • Anglefin whiff
      Anglefin whiff
      The anglefin whiff is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is a demersal marine fish that inhabits the mid to outer continental shelf of the western Atlantic Ocean, in both tropical and subtropical waters...

      , Citharichthys gymnorhinus (Gutherz & Blackman, 1970).
    • Spotted whiff, Citharichthys macrops (Dresel, 1885).
    • Five-rayed sanddab
      Five-rayed sanddab
      The five-rayed sanddab is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in tropical waters ranging from the Gulf of California in the north to the Bay of Panama in the south...

      , Citharichthys mariajorisae (van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995).
    • Citharichthys minutus (Cervigón, 1982).
    • Small sanddab
      Small sanddab
      The small sanddab is a species of sanddab in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the southern Gulf of California of Mexico in the north to Peru in the south....

      , Citharichthys platophrys (Gilbert, 1891).
    • Pacific sanddab
      Pacific sanddab
      The Pacific sanddab is a species of sanddab . It is by far the most common sanddab, and it shares its habitat with the longfin sanddab and the speckled sanddab...

      , Citharichthys sordidus (Girard
      Charles Frédéric Girard
      Charles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...

      , 1854)
      .
    • Bay whiff, Citharichthys spilopterus (Günther, 1862).
    • Smooth flounder, Citharichthys stampflii (Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

      , 1894)
      .
    • Speckled sanddab
      Speckled sanddab
      The Speckled sanddab is a species of flounder in the genus Citharichthys. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from Alaska in the north to Baja California, Mexico in the south....

      , Citharichthys stigmaeus (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1882)
      .
    • Citharichthys surinamensis (Bloch
      Marcus Elieser Bloch
      Marcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...

       & Schneider
      Johann Gottlob Schneider
      Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider was a German classicist and naturalist.-Biography:Schneider was born at Collm in Saxony...

      , 1801)
      .
    • Voodoo whiff, Citharichthys uhleri (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

      , 1889)
      .
    • Citharichthys valdezi (Cervigón, 1986).
    • Longfin sanddab
      Longfin sanddab
      The longfin sanddab is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in subtropical waters ranging from Monterey Bay, California in the north, to Costa Rica in the south...

      , Citharichthys xanthostigma (Gilbert, 1890).
  • Genus Cyclopsetta
    • Mexican flounder, Cyclopsetta chittendeni (Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...

      , 1895)
      .
    • Cyclopsetta decussata (Gunter, 1946).
    • Spotfin flounder
      Spotfin flounder
      The Spotfin flounder is a species of large-tooth flounder native to the western Atlantic Ocean. It ranges along the Eastern coast of North America, from North Carolina in the north to the coast of Brazil in the south. It is abundant around the coast of Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico...

      , Cyclopsetta fimbriata (Goode
      George Brown Goode
      George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...

       & Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...

      , 1885)
      .
    • God's flounder, Cyclopsetta panamensis (Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

      , 1876)
      .
    • Toothed flounder, Cyclopsetta querna (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Bollman, 1890)
      .
  • Genus Etropus
    • Fringed flounder, Etropus crossotus (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1882)
      .
    • Shelf flounder, Etropus cyclosquamus (Leslie & Stewart, 1986).
    • Etropus delsmani delsmani (Chabanaud, 1940).
    • Delsman's flounder, Etropus delsmani pacificus (Nielsen, 1963).
    • Sole flounder, Etropus ectenes (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

      , 1889)
      .
    • Etropus intermedius (Norman, 1933).
    • Etropus longimanus (Norman, 1933).
    • Smallmouth flounder, Etropus microstomus (Gill
      Theodore Gill
      Theodore Nicholas Gill was an American ichthyologist, mammalogist, malacologist and librarian.Born and educated in New York City under private tutors, Gill early showed interest in natural history. He was associated with J...

      , 1864)
      .
    • Peruvian flounder, Etropus peruvianus (Hildebrand, 1946).
    • Gray flounder
      Gray flounder
      The gray flounder is a species of flounder in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the coast of North Carolina to the south of Florida. It can also be found in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.It is a demersal fish that lives in...

      , Etropus rimosus (Goode
      George Brown Goode
      George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...

       & Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...

      , 1885)
      .

  • Genus Gastropsetta
    • Shrimp flounder
      Shrimp flounder
      The Shrimp flounder is a species of large-tooth flounder, the only member of its genus Gastropsetta. It is endemic to the western Atlantic Ocean, from North Carolina to Florida, and from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Panama...

      , Gastropsetta frontalis (Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean
      Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...

      , 1895)
      .
  • Genus Hippoglossina
    • Spotted flounder, Hippoglossina bollmani (Gilbert, 1890).
    • Bigeye flounder, Hippoglossina macrops (Dresel, 1885).

0** Hippoglossina montemaris (de Buen, 1961).
    • Hippoglossina mystacium (Ginsburg, 1936).
    • American fourspot flounder, Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815).
    • Bigmouth flounder, Hippoglossina stomata (Eigenmann
      Rosa Smith Eigenmann
      Rosa Smith Eigenmann was the first notable female ichthyologist; first publishing in her own right, she later collaborated with her husband Carl H. Eigenmann, and some 150 species of fish are today credited "Eigenmann & Eigenmann" as a result.She was born in Monmouth, Illinois, the last of nine...

       & Eigenmann
      Carl H. Eigenmann
      Carl H. Eigenmann was an ichthyologist who, along with his wife Rosa Smith Eigenmann, described many of the fishes of North America and South America for the first time....

      , 1890)
      .
    • Fourspot flounder, Hippoglossina tetrophthalma (Gilbert, 1890).
  • Genus Paralichthys
    • Fine flounder
      Fine flounder
      The Fine flounder is a species of large-tooth flounder native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, along the continental shelf from the coast of Ecuador in the north to the coast of Peru in the south....

      , Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

      , 1867)
      .
    • Cortez flounder, Paralichthys aestuarius (Gilbert & Scofield, 1898).
    • Gulf flounder, Paralichthys albigutta (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1882)
      .
    • Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani, 1842).
    • California halibut
      California halibut
      The California halibut or California flounder, Paralichthys californicus, is a large-tooth flounder native to the waters of the Pacific Coast of North America from the Quillayute River in Washington to Magdalena Bay in Baja California. It feeds near shore and is free swimming. It typically weighs...

      , Paralichthys californicus (Ayres
      William Orville Ayres
      William Orville Ayres was an American physician and ichthyologist. Born in Connecticut, he studied to become a doctor at Yale University School of Medicine....

      , 1859)
      .
    • Paralichthys coeruleosticta (Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

      , 1898)
      .
    • Paralichthys delfini (Pequeño & Plaza, 1987).
    • Summer flounder
      Summer flounder
      The Summer Flounder is a marine flatfish that is found in the Atlantic Ocean off the East coast of the United States and Canada. It is especially abundant in waters from North Carolina to Massachusetts.-Description:...

      , Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus
      Carolus Linnaeus
      Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

      , 1766)
      .
    • Paralichthys fernandezianus (Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

      , 1903)
      .
    • Paralichthys hilgendorfii (Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner
      Franz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...

      , 1903)
      .
    • Paralichthys isosceles (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

      , 1891)
      .
    • Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma
      Paralichthys lethostigma
      Paralichthys lethostigma is a popular sports fish and is the largest and most commercially valuable flounder in the western north Atlantic ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Its range is North Carolina to the Yucatan peninsula...

      (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1884)
      .
    • Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881).
    • Four-Spotted flounder
      Four-Spotted flounder
      The Four-Spotted Flounder, Paralichthys oblongus , also called American Four-Spotted Flounder or simply Four-Spot, is a flatfish and member of the left-eyed flounder family Paralichthyidae.-Description:...

      , Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill, 1815 and Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Evermann
      Barton Warren Evermann
      Barton Warren Evermann was an American ichthyologist. He was born in Monroe County, Iowa, and graduated from Indiana University in 1886. For 10 years, he served as teacher and superintendent of schools in Indiana and California. He was professor of biology at the Indiana State University in...

      , 1896)
      .
    • Bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck
      Coenraad Jacob Temminck
      Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...

       & Schlegel
      Hermann Schlegel
      Hermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...

      , 1846)
      .
    • Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes
      Achille Valenciennes
      Achille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...

      , 1842)
      .
    • Patagonian flounder, Paralichthys patagonicus (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

      , 1889)
      .
    • Paralichthys schmitti (Ginsburg, 1933).
    • Broad flounder, Paralichthys squamilentus (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1882)
      .
    • Paralichthys triocellatus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903).
    • Tropical flounder, Paralichthys tropicus (Ginsburg, 1933).
    • Speckled flounder
      Speckled flounder
      The speckled flounder, Limanda punctatissima, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in the temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific, from the southern Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril islands to the Sea of Japan, including coastal areas of Japan and...

      , Paralichthys woolmani (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Williams, 1897)
      .
  • Genus Pseudorhombus
    • Ringed flounder, Pseudorhombus annulatus (Norman, 1927).
    • Peacock flounder
      Peacock flounder
      The Peacock flounder , also known as the Flowery flounder, is a species of fish in the family Bothidae...

      , Pseudorhombus argus (Weber, 1913).
    • Largetooth flounder, Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822).
    • Pseudorhombus binii (Tortonese, 1955).
    • Cinnamon flounder, Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus (Temminck
      Coenraad Jacob Temminck
      Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...

       & Schlegel
      Hermann Schlegel
      Hermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...

      , 1846)
      .
    • Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis (Oshima, 1927).
    • Four twin-spot flounder, Pseudorhombus diplospilus (Norman, 1926).
    • Ocellated flounder, Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus (Regan, 1905).
    • Deep flounder, Pseudorhombus elevatus (Ogilby
      William Ogilby
      William Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....

      , 1912)
      .
    • Javan flounder, Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1853)
      .
    • Small-toothed flounder, Pseudorhombus jenynsii (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1855)
      .
    • Pseudorhombus levisquamis (Oshima, 1927).
    • Malayan flounder, Pseudorhombus malayanus (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1865)
      .
    • Pseudorhombus megalops (Fowler, 1934).
    • Pseudorhombus micrognathus (Norman, 1927).
    • Natal flounders, Pseudorhombus natalensis (Gilchrist, 1904).
    • Pseudorhombus neglectus (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1865)
      .
    • Pseudorhombus oculocirris (Amaoka, 1969).
    • Roughscale flounder, Pseudorhombus oligodon (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1854)
      .
    • Fivespot flounder, Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus (Günther, 1862).
    • Pseudorhombus polyspilos (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1853)
      .
    • Five-eyed flounder
      Five-eyed flounder
      The five-eyed flounder, Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. It is a demersal fish that lives in tropical waters, inhabiting deep waters on the continental shelf of the western Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan in the north to...

      , Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus (Weber & de Beaufort, 1929).
    • Pseudorhombus russellii (Gray
      John Edward Gray
      John Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....

      , 1834)
      .
    • Spiny flounder, Pseudorhombus spinosus (McCulloch, 1914).
    • Pseudorhombus tenuirastrum (Waite, 1899).
    • Three spotted flounder, Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903).
  • Genus Syacium
    • Syacium guineensis (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1862)
      .
    • Shoal flounder, Syacium gunteri (Ginsburg, 1933).
    • Beach flounder, Syacium latifrons (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1882)
      .
    • Longfin flounder, Syacium longidorsale (Murakami & Amaoka, 1992).
    • Clearspot flounder, Syacium maculiferum (Garman, 1899).
    • Channel flounder, Syacium micrurum (Ranzani, 1842).
    • Oval flounder, Syacium ovale (Günther, 1864).
    • Dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus
      Carolus Linnaeus
      Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

      , 1758)
      .
  • Genus Tarphops
    • Tarphops elegans (Amaoka, 1969).
    • Tarphops oligolepis (Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker
      Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....

      , 1858–1859)
      .
  • Genus Tephrinectes
    • Chinese brill
      Chinese brill
      The Chinese brill, Tephrinectes sinensis, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. It is the only member of its genus Tephrinectes. Like the rest of the large-tooth flounders, it has both eyes on the left side of its head.It is a demersal fish that lives in...

      , Tephrinectes sinensis (Lacépède, 1802).
  • Genus Thysanopsetta
    • Thysanopsetta naresi
      Thysanopsetta naresi
      Thysanopsetta naresi is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. It is the only member of its genus Thysanopsetta . Thysanopsetta naresi is a demersal fish that lives in temperate waters at depths of between...

      (Günther, 1880).
  • Genus Xystreurys
    • Fantail flounder, Xystreurys liolepis (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

       & Gilbert, 1880)
      .
    • Xystreurys rasile (Jordan
      David Starr Jordan
      David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...

      , 1891)
      .
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