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The Pannonian Plain is a large plain
Plain

In geography, a plain is an area of landscape with relatively high relief, as well as flat. Prairies and steppes are types of plains, and the archetype for a plain is often thought of as a grassland, but plains in their natural state may also be covered in shrublands, woodland and forest, or vegetation may be absent in the case of sandy or...
 in Central Europe
Central Europe

Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern Europe and Western Europe Europe. In addition, Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Southeastern Europe may variously delimit or overlap into Central Europe....
 that remained when the Pliocene
Pliocene

The Pliocene epoch is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.332 million to 1.806 million years before present.The Pliocene is the second epoch of the Neogene period in the Cenozoic era....
 Pannonian Sea
Pannonian Sea

The Pannonian Sea was a shallow ancient sea located in the area today known as the Pannonian Plain in Central Europe. The Pannonian Sea existed during the Pliocene, when three to four kilometres of marine sediments were deposited in the Pannonian Basin....
 dried out. It is a geomorphological
Geomorphology

Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do: to understand landform history and dynamics, and predict future changes through a combination of field observation, physical experiment, and numerical mathematical model....
 subsystem of the Alps-Himalaya system
Alpide belt

The Alpide belt is a mountain range which extends along the southern margin of Eurasia. Stretching from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic, it includes the Alps, the Carpathian Mountains, the mountains of Asia Minor and Iran, the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas, and the mountains of Southeast Asia....
.

The river Danube
Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
 divides the plain roughly in half. The plain consists mainly of the Great Hungarian Plain
Great Hungarian Plain

The Great Hungarian Plain is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of eastern Slovakia , southwestern Ukraine , western Romania , northern Serbia , and eastern Croatia ....
 (in the south and east) and the Little Hungarian Plain
Little Hungarian Plain

The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alf?ld is a plain of appr. 8,000 km? in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia , and eastern Austria....
 (in the northwest).
Characteristics The plain is roughly bounded by the Carpathian mountains
Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc of roughly 1,500 km across Central Europe and Eastern Europe, making them the largest mountain range in Europe....
, the Alps
Alps

The Alps is the name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
, the Dinaric Alps
Dinaric Alps

The Dinaric Alps or Dinarides form a mountain chain in southern Europe, spanning areas of Slovenia, Croatia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia....
 and the Balkan mountains
Balkan Mountains

The Balkan mountain range is a mountain in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The Balkan range runs 560 km from the Vrashka Chuka Peak on the border between Bulgaria and eastern Serbia eastward through central Bulgaria to Cape Emine on the Black Sea....
.

Although rain
Rain

Rain is liquid precipitation . On Earth, it is the condensation of atmospheric water vapor into droplet heavy enough to fall, often making it to the surface....
 is not plentiful, it usually falls when necessary and the plain is a major agricultural
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 area; it is sometimes said that these fields of rich loamy loess
Loess

Loess is a homogeneous, typically nonstratified, porous, friable,slightly coherent, often calcareous, fine-grained, silty, pale yellow or buff, windblown sediment....
 soil could feed the whole of Europe.






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Hortobagy Ziehbrunnen
The Pannonian Plain is a large plain
Plain

In geography, a plain is an area of landscape with relatively high relief, as well as flat. Prairies and steppes are types of plains, and the archetype for a plain is often thought of as a grassland, but plains in their natural state may also be covered in shrublands, woodland and forest, or vegetation may be absent in the case of sandy or...
 in Central Europe
Central Europe

Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern Europe and Western Europe Europe. In addition, Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Southeastern Europe may variously delimit or overlap into Central Europe....
 that remained when the Pliocene
Pliocene

The Pliocene epoch is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.332 million to 1.806 million years before present.The Pliocene is the second epoch of the Neogene period in the Cenozoic era....
 Pannonian Sea
Pannonian Sea

The Pannonian Sea was a shallow ancient sea located in the area today known as the Pannonian Plain in Central Europe. The Pannonian Sea existed during the Pliocene, when three to four kilometres of marine sediments were deposited in the Pannonian Basin....
 dried out. It is a geomorphological
Geomorphology

Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do: to understand landform history and dynamics, and predict future changes through a combination of field observation, physical experiment, and numerical mathematical model....
 subsystem of the Alps-Himalaya system
Alpide belt

The Alpide belt is a mountain range which extends along the southern margin of Eurasia. Stretching from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic, it includes the Alps, the Carpathian Mountains, the mountains of Asia Minor and Iran, the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas, and the mountains of Southeast Asia....
.

The river Danube
Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
 divides the plain roughly in half. The plain consists mainly of the Great Hungarian Plain
Great Hungarian Plain

The Great Hungarian Plain is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of eastern Slovakia , southwestern Ukraine , western Romania , northern Serbia , and eastern Croatia ....
 (in the south and east) and the Little Hungarian Plain
Little Hungarian Plain

The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alf?ld is a plain of appr. 8,000 km? in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia , and eastern Austria....
 (in the northwest).

Terminology


Pannonian Plain is part of the somewhat larger geographical area referred to as the Carpathian Basin (especially in Hungarian texts) or Pannonian Basin
Pannonian Basin

The Pannonian Basin or Carpathian Basin is a large Sedimentary basin in Central Europe.The basin forms a topographically discrete unit set in the European landscape, surrounded by imposing geographic boundaries that have created a fairly unified cultural area that looks more towards the south and east than to the north and west....
 (in South Slavic texts).

The name Pannonian Plain can also refer to Serbian
Serbian language

name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
 ???????? ??????, Panonska nizija, Croatian
Croatian language

Croatian language is a South Slavic languages which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in neighbouring countries where Croats are Indigenous peoples, in Italian region of Molise, and parts of the Croats diaspora....
 Panonska nizina and Slovenian
Slovenian language

Slovene or Slovenian is a South Slavic languages spoken by approximately 2.4 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia....
 Panonska nižina, which are the traditional names for the lowland part of the Pannonian Basin in Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.

Pannonian Plain in some sources is also used as a synonym of the Great Hungarian Plain.

Characteristics

The plain is roughly bounded by the Carpathian mountains
Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc of roughly 1,500 km across Central Europe and Eastern Europe, making them the largest mountain range in Europe....
, the Alps
Alps

The Alps is the name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
, the Dinaric Alps
Dinaric Alps

The Dinaric Alps or Dinarides form a mountain chain in southern Europe, spanning areas of Slovenia, Croatia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia....
 and the Balkan mountains
Balkan Mountains

The Balkan mountain range is a mountain in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The Balkan range runs 560 km from the Vrashka Chuka Peak on the border between Bulgaria and eastern Serbia eastward through central Bulgaria to Cape Emine on the Black Sea....
.

Although rain
Rain

Rain is liquid precipitation . On Earth, it is the condensation of atmospheric water vapor into droplet heavy enough to fall, often making it to the surface....
 is not plentiful, it usually falls when necessary and the plain is a major agricultural
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 area; it is sometimes said that these fields of rich loamy loess
Loess

Loess is a homogeneous, typically nonstratified, porous, friable,slightly coherent, often calcareous, fine-grained, silty, pale yellow or buff, windblown sediment....
 soil could feed the whole of Europe. For its early settlers, the plain offered few sources of metals or stone. Thus when archaeologists come upon objects of obsidian or chert, copper or gold, they have almost unparalleled opportunities to interpret ancient pathways of trade.

History


Pannonian Sea

Main article: Pannonian Sea
Pannonian Sea

The Pannonian Sea was a shallow ancient sea located in the area today known as the Pannonian Plain in Central Europe. The Pannonian Sea existed during the Pliocene, when three to four kilometres of marine sediments were deposited in the Pannonian Basin....
The precursor to the present plain was a shallow sea that reached its greatest extent during the Pliocene era, when three to four kilometres of sediments were deposited.

History of the plain


The plain was named after the Pannonians, a northern Illyrian
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
 tribe. Various different peoples inhabited the plain during its history. In the first century BC, the eastern parts of the plain belonged to the Dacia
Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
n state, and in the first century AD its western parts were subsumed into the Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. The Roman province named Pannonia
Pannonia

Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
 was established in the area, and the city of Sirmium
Sirmium

Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....
, today Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
, Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
, became one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century.

In the Age of Migrations and the early Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, the region belonged to several realms such as the Hun Empire
Huns

The Huns were a confederation of Central Asian Eurasian nomads or semi-nomads, who had established an empire in Eurasia. The Huns may have stimulated the Migration Period, a contributing factor in the collapse of the Roman Empire....
, the Kingdom of the Gepids, the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths, the Kingdom of the Lombards
Lombards

The Lombards were a Germanic peoples originally from Northern Europe who settled in the valley of the Danube and from there invaded Byzantine Italian peninsula in 568 under the leadership of Alboin....
, the Avar Kingdom
Eurasian Avars

The 'Avars' were a highly organized and powerful Turkic confederation. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit retinue of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turkic peoples groups....
, the Slavic state of Samo
Samo

Samo was a Franks merchant from the "Senonian country" , probably modern Sens, France. He was the first ruler of the Slavs whose name is known, and established one of the earliest Slav states, a supra-tribal union usually called Samo's empire, realm, kingdom, or tribal union....
, the Bulgarian Empire
Bulgarian Empire

Bulgarian Empire is a term used to describe two periods in the medieval history of Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in Europe in general and in Southeastern Europe in particular, often rivalling Byzantine Empire....
, the Frankish Empire
Franks

The Franks or Frankish people were a West Germanic ethnic group first identified in the 3rd century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River....
, the Great Moravia
Great Moravia

Great Moravia was a Slavic people state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century. There is some controversy as to the actual location of its core territory....
, the Balaton Principality
Balaton Principality

The Balaton Principality was a Slavic principality located in the western part of the Pannonian plain, between the rivers Danube to its east , Drava to the south , Graz to the west, and Koszeg or Klosterneuburg to the north ....
, the Pannonian Croatia
Pannonian Croatia

Pannonian Croatia or Savia, Southern Pannonia, Lower Pannonia, Principality of Southern Pannonia, Transsavian Croatia or just Pannonia was a medieval Croatian duchy from the 7th to the 10th century located in the Pannonian Plain approximately between the rivers Drava and Sava, but at times also considerably to the south of the Sa...
 and the Kingdom of Syrmia.

The Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
 established in 1000 by the Magyars was centered around the plain and included almost all of it (as did the former Avar Kingdom as well). After the Battle of Mohács
Battle of Mohács

The Battle of Moh?cs was fought on August 29, 1526 near Moh?cs, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King of Hungary Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
 in 1526, the central and eastern parts of the plain were included into the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
, and the remains of the Kingdom of Hungary in the north-west joined the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
, where they were called Royal Hungary
Royal Hungary

Royal Hungary was the name of a territory of medieval Hungary where the Habsburgs were recognized as King of Hungary and Croatia in the wake of the Ottoman Empire victory at the Battle of Moh?cs and subsequent partition of the country....
. The administrative units of the Ottoman Empire organized in the plain were the Eyalet of Budim, the Eyalet of Egri, the Eyalet of Sigetvar, and the Eyalet of Temesvar
Temesvar Province, Ottoman Empire

The Province of Temesvar or Eyalet-i Temesvar was a first-level administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire located in the Banat region of Central Europe....
. The eastern parts of the plain belonged to semi-independent Principality of Transylvania
Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountains, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Crisana, Maramures, and Banat....
, which was under Ottoman rule.

The two empires clashed on the Pannonian Plain. At the end of the 17th century the Habsburgs won against the Ottomans, and most of the plain became a Habsburg possession. The administrative units of the Habsburg Monarchy organized in the plain were the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
, the Banat of Temeswar
Banat of Temeswar

The Banat of Temeswar was a Habsburg Monarchy province that existed between 1718 and 1778. It was located in the present day region of Banat, which was named after this province....
, the Military Frontier
Military Frontier

File:Pomorisje.jpgMilitary Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Monarchy and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against the Ottoman Empire....
, the Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Croatia

Kingdom of Croatia can refer to:* Kingdom of Croatia * Kingdom of Croatia ...
, the Kingdom of Slavonia
Kingdom of Slavonia

The Kingdom of Slavonia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy in the 18th and 19th century as one of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen....
 and Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat.

The Habsburg Monarchy was subsequently transformed into the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire was a periodization successor state empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867....
 (in 1804) and Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
 (in 1867). Most of the plain was located within the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, since all other Habsburg possessions in the plain were integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary until 1882. The autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which was one of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen
Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen

The historical term Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen was used to denote a group territories connected to the Kingdom of Hungary . . This system of states is sometimes named Archiregnum Hungaricum using a medieval terminology....
, comprised the south-western portion of the plain.

Since 1918, the region has been divided among Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
, Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
, Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 until 1992 . On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
, Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia

File:LocationYugoslavia2.pngYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century....
 in 1929).

Countries


Today the plain is divided among Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkans peninsula of South Eastern Europe with an area of 51,129 square kilometres . Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is Landlocked#Nearly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the Adriatic Sea coas...
, Croatia
Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
, the Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
, Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
, Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
, Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
, Slovakia
Slovakia

Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
, Slovenia
Slovenia

Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north....
 and Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
. The peripannonian lands are some areas around the Pannonian plain which are not elevated like the surrounding mountains (e.g. Maribor Plain in Slovenia).

Division

The Pannonian plain is divided into two parts along the Transdanubian Medium Mountains
Transdanubian Medium Mountains

The Transdanubian Medium Mountains are a mountain range in Hungary covering about 7000 km?. Its highest peak is the Pilis, with a height of 757 metres....
 (Hungarian: Dunántúli-középhegység). The northwestern part is called Western Pannonian plain (or province) and the southeastern part Eastern Pannonian plain (or province). They comprise the following sections:

  • Western Pannonian Plain (province):
    • Vienna Basin
      Vienna Basin

      The Viennese Basin is a sedimentary basin between the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. More than 50% of the Viennese Basin is located in Lower Austria, the rest is in Vienna, the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
    • Little Hungarian Plain
      Little Hungarian Plain

      The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alf?ld is a plain of appr. 8,000 km? in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia , and eastern Austria....
  • Eastern Pannonian Plain (province):
    • Great Hungarian Plain
      Great Hungarian Plain

      The Great Hungarian Plain is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of eastern Slovakia , southwestern Ukraine , western Romania , northern Serbia , and eastern Croatia ....
    • Pannonian Island Mountains
      Pannonian Island Mountains

      The Pannonian Island Mountains is a name for mountains located in the southern Pannonian Plain, in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Pannonian Island Mountains include Fru?ka Gora and Vr?ac Mountains....
       
    • Transdanubian Hills (Hungarian: Dunántúli-dombság)
    • Drava
      Drava

      Drava or Drave is a river in southern Central Europe, a tributary of the Danube. It begins in Dobbiaco, Italy, and flows east through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria, into Slovenia , and then southeast, passing through Croatia and forming most of the border between Croatia and Hungary, before it joins the Danube near Osijek....
      -Mura
      Mura

      Mura is a river in Central Europe, a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube. The Mura's total length is 465 km, of which 295 km is in Austria, 98 km is in Slovenia and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary....
       lowlands


Note: The Transylvanian Plateau
Transylvanian Plateau

The Transylvanian Plateau is a plateau in central Romania almost entirely surrounded by the Eastern Carpathians, Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains branches of the Carpathian Mountains....
 and the Lucenec-Košice Depression (both parts of the Carpathians) and some other lowlands are sometimes also considered part of the Pannonian Plain in non-geomorphological or older divisions.

Regions

Relatively large or distinctive areas of the plain that do not necessarily correspond to national borders include:

  • Backa
    Backa

    Backa is an area of the Pannonian plain lying between the rivers Danube and Tisa. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary, with small uninhabited pockets of land on the left bank of the Danube which belong to Croatia, but are under Serbian control since 1991 ....
    /Bácska (Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    )
    • Šajkaška
      Šajkaška

      ?ajka?ka is a geographical region in Serbia. It is southeastern part of Backa, located in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Territory of ?ajka?ka is divided among four municipalities: Titel, ?abalj, Novi Sad, and Srbobran....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
    • Telecka
      Telecka (region)

      Telecka is a small geographical region in Serbia. It is located in north-western Backa, in the Vojvodina province. There is also a village named Telecka , which is situated in this region....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
    • Gornji Breg
      Gornji Breg (region)

      Gornji Breg is a small geographical region in Serbia. It is located in north-eastern Backa, in the Vojvodina province. There is also a village named Gornji Breg , which is situated in this region....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
  • Banat
    Banat

    The Banat is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in Romania , the western part in Serbia , and a small northern part in Hungary ....
     (Romania
    Romania

    Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
    , Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    )
    • Pancevacki Rit
      Pancevacki Rit

      Pancevacki Rit is a small geographical area in south-western Banat, Serbia. It is situated between the rivers Danube and Timis River, in the Belgrade's municipality of Palilula Belgrade....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
    • Veliki Rit
      Veliki Rit, Banat

      Veliki Rit is a small geographical area near Begej river in central-eastern Banat, Serbia....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
    • Gornje Livade
      Gornje Livade, Banat

      Gornje Livade is a small geographical area in south-eastern Banat, Serbia. It is situated in eastern part of Takla Maklan Pe?cara....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
  • Baranya
    Baranya (region)

    Baranya is a geographical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers. Its territory is mostly divided between Hungary and Croatia, with a small uninhabited pocket of land on the right bank of Danube....
    /Baranja
    Baranja

    Baranja may refer to:*Baranya *Baranja, Nepal...
     (Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    , Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    )
  • Burgenland
    Burgenland

    Burgenland is the easternmost and least populous Bundesland or Land of Austria. It consists of two Statutarstadt and seven districts with in total 171 municipalities....
     (Neusiedler Basin), Austria
    Austria

    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
  • Crisana
    Crisana

    Crisana is a Historical regions of Romania of Romania, named after the three tributaries of the K?r?s River that flow through it: the Cri%C5%9Ful_Alb_River , Crisul Negru River and Crisul Repede River ....
     (Romania
    Romania

    Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
    )
  • Jászság
    Jászság

    J?szs?g or J?sz is a historical and geographical region in Hungary. Its 1161-km? territory is situated in the north-western part of the J?sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county....
     (Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    )
  • Kunság
    Kunság

    Kuns?g is a historical and geographical region in Hungary situated in the current B?cs-Kiskun and J?sz-Nagykun-Szolnok counties. Like other historical European regions called Cumania, it is named for the Cumans, a nomadic tribe of pagan Kipchaks that settled the area....
     (Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    )
  • Little Hungarian Plain
    Little Hungarian Plain

    The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alf?ld is a plain of appr. 8,000 km? in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia , and eastern Austria....
     (Kisalföld/Malá dunajská kotlina - Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    , Slovakia
    Slovakia

    Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
    )
  • Macva
    Macva

    Macva is a geographical region in Serbia, mostly situated in the northwest of Central Serbia. It is located in a fertile plain between the Sava and Drina rivers....
     (Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    )
  • Medimurje (Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    )
  • Moravia
    Moravia

    Moravia is a Historical regions of Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. It takes its name from the Morava River, Central Europe which rises in the northwest of the region....
     (part), Czech Republic
    Czech Republic

    The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
  • Moslavina
    Moslavina

    Moslavina is a microregion in Croatia, administratively divided into the counties of Zagreb County, Sisak-Moslavina County and Bjelovar-Bilogora County....
     (Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    )
  • Podravina
    Podravina

    Podravina or Podravje is a Slavic name for the Drava river basin in Croatia and Slovenia....
     (Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    , Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    , around Drava
    Drava

    Drava or Drave is a river in southern Central Europe, a tributary of the Danube. It begins in Dobbiaco, Italy, and flows east through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria, into Slovenia , and then southeast, passing through Croatia and forming most of the border between Croatia and Hungary, before it joins the Danube near Osijek....
     river)
  • Podunavlje
    Podunavlje

    Podunavlje is the name of the Danube river basin parts located in Serbia and Croatia ....
     (Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    , around Danube
    Danube

    The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
     river)
  • Pokuplje
    Pokuplje

    Pokuplje is the name for the Kupa River river basin in Croatia....
      (Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    , around Kupa
    Kupa

    Kupa may refer to:*Kupa River, a river in Croatia and Slovenia*Kupa River , a river in Lithuania*Kupa, Hungary, a village in Northern Hungary...
     river)
  • Pomoravlje
    Pomoravlje (region)

    Pomoravlje , is a general term which in its widest sense marks valleys of any of three Morava rivers in Serbia: West Morava , Ju?na Morava and Great Morava ....
     (part), Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , around Morava river
  • Pomorišje
    Pomorišje

    Pomori?je is a historical geographical region on the banks of the river Mures River that in the past has had a large ethnic Serb population. Even today, a Serbian minority is present here....
      (Romania
    Romania

    Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
    , Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    , Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , around Mures
    Mures River

    The Mures is an approximately 725 km long river in Eastern Europe. It originates in the Giurgeu Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania, and joins the Tisza river at Szeged in southeastern Hungary....
     river)
  • Posavina
    Posavina

    Posavina is a Slavic name for the Sava river basin in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia....
      (Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    , Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkans peninsula of South Eastern Europe with an area of 51,129 square kilometres . Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is Landlocked#Nearly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the Adriatic Sea coas...
    , Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , around Sava river)
  • Potisje
    Potisje

    Potisje is the name of the Tisa river basin parts located in Serbia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The river Tisa flow between Banat and Backa regions....
     (Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , around Tisa river)
  • Prekmurje
    Prekmurje

    Prekmurje is the easternmost region of Slovenia. It borders Hungary to the north-east, Austria to the north-west, Croatia to the south and the Slovenian region of Lower Styria to the south-west....
     (Slovenia
    Slovenia

    Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north....
    )
  • Semberija
    Semberija

    Semberija is a geographical region in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main town in the region is Bijeljina. Semberija is located between Drina and Sava rivers and Majevica mountain....
     (Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkans peninsula of South Eastern Europe with an area of 51,129 square kilometres . Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is Landlocked#Nearly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the Adriatic Sea coas...
    )
  • Slavonia
    Slavonia

    Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia. It is a fertile agricultural and forested lowland bounded, in part, by the Drava river in the north, the Sava river in the south, and the Danube river in the east....
     (Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    )
    • Palaca
      Palaca (region)

      Palaca is a small geographical region in Croatia. It is located in eastern Slavonia, between Osijek and Vinkovci. There is also a place named Palaca , which is situated in this region....
       (Croatia
      Croatia

      Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
      )
  • Srem
    Syrmia

    Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
    /Srijem
    Syrmia

    Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
     (Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    , Croatia
    Croatia

    Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
    )
    • Podlužje
      Podlužje

      Podlu?je is a small geographical region in Serbia. It is located in south-eastern Syrmia. The western part of Podlu?je belong to the autonomous province of Vojvodina, and the eastern part belong to the city of Belgrade....
       (Serbia
      Serbia

      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
      )
    • Šokadija
      Šokadija

      ?okadija is a small geocultural region in Croatia. It is located in western Syrmia, between Vinkovci and ?upanja, and in Slavonia from river Drava to river Sava including cities Osijek, ?akovo, Po?ega and Slavonski Brod....
       (Croatia
      Croatia

      Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
      )
    • Spacva
      Spacva (region)

      Spacva is a small geographical region in Croatia. It is located in south-western Syrmia, around Spacva river. There is also a place named Spacva , which is situated in this region....
       (Croatia
      Croatia

      Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
      )
  • Transdanubia
    Transdanubia

    Transdanubia is a traditional region of Hungary....
     (Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    )
  • Vienna Basin
    Vienna Basin

    The Viennese Basin is a sedimentary basin between the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. More than 50% of the Viennese Basin is located in Lower Austria, the rest is in Vienna, the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
     (part), Austria
    Austria

    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
  • Vojvodina
    Vojvodina

    The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an Subdivisions of Serbia in Serbia, containing about 27% of its total population according to the 2002 Census....
     (Serbia
    Serbia

    Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
    )
  • several more inside Hungary, see: Counties of Hungary
    Counties of Hungary

    Hungary is subdivided administratively into 20 regions which are the 19 county and the capital city : Budapest. These are further subdivided into 173 Subregions of Hungary , with Budapest comprising its own subregion....
    , Regions of Hungary
    Regions of Hungary

    There are seven statistical regions of Hungary created in 1999 by the Law 1999/XCII amending Law 1996/XXI. The regional division is expected to replace the present 20 administrative division into 19 counties and the capital city....
  • several more inside Slovakia, see: Traditional regions of Slovakia, Regions of Slovakia
    Regions of Slovakia

    Since 1949 , Slovakia has been divided into a number of kraje . Their number, borders and functions have been changed several times. There are currently eight regions of Slovakia and they correspond to the European Union's Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 3 level of local administrative units....


External links

  • : Neolithic and Copper Age archaeology in the Pannonian plain