Pangasinan
Encyclopedia
Pangasinan is a province
of the Republic of the Philippines
. The provincial capital is Lingayen
. Pangasinan is located on the west central and peripheral area of the island of Luzon
along the Lingayen Gulf
, with the total land area being 5,368.82 square kilometers (3336.030 sq mi). According to the latest census, it has a population of 2,645,395 people in 477,819 households. The total population is projected to rise to 3,039,500 in 2010. According to the 2007 Philippine general elections
, Pangasinan has a voting population of 1,360,807, which is the second highest in the Philippines.
Pangasinan is the name for the province, the people, and the primary language spoken in the province. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 1.5 million. Pangasinan is spoken as a second-language by many of the ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The most significant minority ethnic groups in Pangasinan are the Ilocano
, Bolinao
, and Tagalog.
The name Pangasinan means "land of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from the words Pang, meaning for and asin, meaning "salt”, or For Salt in the Pangasinan language
and other related languages. The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Dagupan City
is known for its Bangus festival named after the fish they widely produce and made the city famous.
An ancient kingdom called Luyag na Kaboloan existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began in the 15th century. The maritime
trade
network that once flourished in ancient Southeast Asia
connected Pangasinan with other peoples of Southeast Asia
, India
, China
, and the Pacific.
Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon, known as the rice granary of the Philippines. Pangasinan has been described as a gateway to northern Luzon and as the heartland of the Philippines.
, are descended from the Austronesian-speakers
who settled in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times. Comparative genetics, linguistics, and archaeological studies locate the origin of the Austronesian languages
in Sundaland
, which was populated as early as 50,000 years ago by modern humans. The Pangasinan language is one of many languages that belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages
branch of the Austronesian languages
family.
settlements in Southeast Asia
, the Pacific, and the Indian Ocean
. The Pangasinan people were part of this ancient Austronesian
civilization.
The ancient Austronesian-speakers
were expert navigators. Their outrigger canoes were capable of crossing the distant seas. The Malagasy
sailed from the Malay archipelago to Madagascar
, an island across the Indian Ocean, and probably reached Africa. The Polynesians
settled the distant Pacific islands as far away as Hawaii
and Easter Island
, and probably reached the Americas. At least three hundred years before the arrival of Europeans, the Makasar and the Bugis
from Sulawesi
, in what is now Indonesia
, as well as the Bajau
of the Malay archipelago, carried out long-distance commerce with their prau and established settlements in north Australia
, which they called Marege.
Pangasinan was founded by Austronesian-speakers
who called themselves Anakbanua, meaning “child of banua.” Banua is an Austronesian concept that could mean territory, homeland, society, civilization or cosmos. The Pangasinan people identified or associated banua with the sun. They established their settlements along the Agno River
and the Lingayen Gulf
. The region came to be known as Pangasinan, in the coastal area, and Kaboloan, in the interior area. Eventually, the whole region and its people came to be known as Pangasinan. Archaeological evidence and early Chinese
and Indian
records show that the inhabitants of Pangasinan traded with India
, China
and Japan
as early as the 8th century A.D.
valley. Around the same period, the Srivijaya
and Majapahit empires arose in Indonesia
that extended their influence to much of the Malay Archipelago
. Urduja
, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan around the 14th century. The Luyag na Kaboloan expanded the territory and influence of Pangasinan to what are now the neighboring provinces of Zambales
, La Union
, Tarlac
, and Benguet
. Pangasinan enjoyed full independence
until the Spanish
conquest.
, an Austronesian concept which can be describe as the essence of every being and everything that exists. To the Pangasinan people, mana can be inherited or acquired, like from an ancestor or something in nature. They practiced Shamanist
or animist
beliefs and rituals, and worshipped a pantheon of anitos ("deities"). Their temples or altars were dedicated to a chief anito called Ama Kaoley (“Supreme Father”) who communicated through mediums called manag-anito. These mediums wore special costumes when serving an anito and they made offerings of oils, ointments, essences, and perfumes in exquisite vessels; after the offerings were made, the anito is supposed to reply in a secret room to their questions.
Miguel López de Legazpi
arrived in the Philippine islands with about 500 soldiers to establish a Spanish settlement and begin the conquest of the archipelago. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman
and other rulers of Manila and later declared Manila
as the new capital of the Spanish East Indies
. After securing Manila, the Spanish forces continued to conquer the rest of the island of Luzon, including Pangasinan.
Martín de Goiti
, who came from the Spanish settlement in Manila
through Pampanga
. About a year later, another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo
, sailed to Lingayen Gulf
and landed at the mouth of the Agno River
. Limahong
, a Chinese pirate, fled to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish a colony in Pangasinan, as an army led by Juan de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a seven-month siege.
By 1580, Pangasinan was made into an "Alacadia Mayor" by the Spanish Governor of the Philippines. Roman Catholic Augustinian, Franciscan, and Dominican missionaries arrived with the conquistadors and most of the inhabitants of Pangasinan converted to Roman Catholicism. In 1611, Pangasinan became a Spanish colonial province, comprising the territories of Zambales
and some areas of La Union
and Tarlac
. Lingayen
was made the capital of the province (and still is to this day). Continued resistance to Spanish rule was forced to go underground or flee to the mountains.
Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan (now named San Carlos City), liberated the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres Malong Ari na Pangasinan ("King of Pangasinan"). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate the neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by a Spanish-led coalition of loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of Pangasinan fell to the Spanish.
On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris overthrew Spanish rule in Pangasinan. The Pangasinan revolt was sparked by news of the fall of Manila to the British on October 6, 1762. However, after the Treaty of Paris
on March 1, 1763 that closed the Seven Years' War
between Britain, France and Spain, the Spanish colonial forces made a counter-attack. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was again lost.
, a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892 with the aim of uniting the peoples of the Philippines and fighting for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine Revolution
began on August 26, 1896 and was led by Andres Bonifacio
, the leader of the Katipunan. On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Roman Manalang as Presidente Generalisimo and Mauro Ortiz as General. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan City
, the major commercial center of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces by July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted from July 18 to July 23 of that year with the surrender of 1,500 soldiers of the Spanish forces under Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea.
The Battle of Dagupan, fought fiercely by local Katipuneros under the overall command of General Francisco Makabulos, chief of the Central and Directive Committee of Central and Northern Luzon, and the last remnants of the once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos, led to the liberation of Pangasinan from the Spaniards. The five-day battle was joined by three local heroes: Don Daniel Maramba from Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Prado from San Jacinto and Don Juan Quezada from Dagupan. Their armies massed in Dagupan to lay siege on the Spanish forces, making a last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church.
Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898 following a signal for simultaneous attack from Makabulos.
Hearing that Sta. Barbara fell into rebel hands, the Spanish forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town, but were repulsed by Maramba's forces. Thus, after the setback, the Spaniards decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen to protect the provincial capital. This enabled Maramba to expand his operations to Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan, taking them one after the other. He took one more town, Mangaldan, before proceeding to Dagupan to lay siege on the last Spanish garrison. Also on March 7, 1898, the rebels under the command of Prado and Quesada attacked convents in a number of towns in Zambales province, located west of Lingayen, which now constitute the western parts of Pangasinan.
Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin, Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. The revolt then spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other towns in the west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied first by the forces of Prado and Quesada before they proceeded to attack Dagupan.
At an assembly convened to organize a central governing body for Central and Northern Luzon on April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Prado as politico-military governor of Pangasinan, with Quesada as his second in command. His appointment came a few days before the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo in May 1898 from his exile in Hong Kong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo's return gave fresh impetus to the renewal of the flame of the revolution. Thus, on June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac and from that day on, the fires of revolution spread.
So successful were the Filipinos in their many pitched battles against the Spaniards that on June 30, 1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all their forces to Dagupan where a last stand against the rebels was to be made. Also ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel, including members of the volunteer locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this order were the volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag, and Villasis. Among those brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag, which at that time was already the patron saint of Pangasinan.
When the forces of Maramba from the east and Prado from the west converged in Dagupan on July 18, 1898, the siege began. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the Spaniards, holed up inside the Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. Armed poorly, the Filipinos were no match at the very start with Spanish soldiers holed inside the Church. They just became mere sitting ducks to Spanish soldiers shooting with their rifles from a distance. But the tempo of battle changed when the attackers, under Don Vicente Prado, devised a crude means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. This happened when they rolled trunks of bananas, bundled up in sawali, that enabled them to inch their way to the Church.
Pangasinan and other parts of the Spanish East Indies
were ceded to the Americans after the Treaty of Paris
that closed the Spanish-American War
. During the Philippine–American War, General Jose Torres Bugallon
from the town of Salasa fought together with General Antonio Luna to defend the First Philippine Republic
against American colonization of Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished on 1901. In 1907, the Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time, five residents of Pangasinan were elected as its district representatives. In 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine Assembly
, sponsored a law to rename the town of Salasa to Bugallon in order to honor General Bugallon.
was one of the strategic places during the Second World War
. Japan
ese forces under Gen. Masaharu Homma
landed on the shores of Pangasinan in December 1941, a few days after the attack on Pearl Harbor
, and started the Japanese occupation of the country. In 1945, during the Battle of Pangasinan from the combined Filipino and U.S. Troops, American troops landed on the beaches of Pangasinan and joined Pangasinese guerrillas together with the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the 2nd, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 26th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary to free Luzon
from the Japanese.
After the declaration of Independence in Manila
on July 4, 1946, Eugenio Perez, a Liberal Party
congressman representing the fourth district of Pangasinan, was elected Speaker of the lower Legislative House
. He led the House until 1953, when the Nacionalista Party
became the dominant party.
Pangasinan, which was historically part of the Central Luzon region, was made part of the Ilocos Region
(or Region I) in the gerrymandering of the Philippines
by Ferdinand Marcos
, despite the fact that Pangasinan has a distinct primary language, which is Pangasinan. The political classification of Pangasinan as part of the Ilocos Region has generated confusion among some Filipinos that the residents of Pangasinan are Ilocanos. Pangasinan has a distinct primary language and culture, its economy is bigger than the predominantly Ilocano provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La Union, and its population is more than 50 percent of the population of Region 1. Many people of Pangasinan prefer to have their own Pangasinan Region.
In February 1986, Vice Chief of Staff General Fidel V. Ramos
, head of the Philippine Integrated National Police and a native of Lingayen, Pangasinan, became one of the instrumental figures of the EDSA people power revolution that led to the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos
.
After the downfall of Marcos, all local government unit executives in the Philippines were ordered by President
Corazon Aquino
to vacate their posts. Some local executives were ordered to return to their seats as in the case of Mayor Ludovico Espinosa of Dasol, where he claims he joined the UNIDO, Mrs. Aquino's party during the height of the EDSA Revolution. Fidel Ramos was appointed as AFP Chief of Staff and later as Defense Secretary replacing Juan Ponce Enrile
. Oscar Orbos, a congressman from Bani, Pangasinan, was appointed by Aquino as head of the Department of Transportation and Communications and later as Executive Secretary.
On May 11, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos ran
for the position of President
. He was elected and became the first Pangasinan President of the Philippines. Through his leadership, the Philippines recovered from a severe economy after the oil and power crisis of 1991. His influence also sparked the economic growth of Pangasinan when it hosted the 1995 Palarong Pambansa (Philippine National Games).
Jose de Venecia, who represented the same district as Eugenio Perez, was the second Pangasinan to be Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1992. He was reelected for the same position in 1995. De Venecia was selected by the Ramos' administration party Lakas NUCD to be its presidential candidate in 1998. De Venecia ran
but lost to Vice President
Joseph Estrada
. Oscar Orbos, who served as Pangasinan governor from 1995, ran
for Vice President, but lost to Senator
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
, whose mother, former First Lady Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal
, hails from Binalonan, Pangasinan.
Arroyo later ascended to the presidency after the second EDSA Revolution when President Joseph Estrada
was overthrown.
On May 2004, actor-turned-politician Fernando Poe, Jr., whose family is from San Carlos City, Pangasinan, ran for President against incumbent Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
during the Philippine general election in 2004
. The Pangasinan vote was almost evenly split by the two presidential candidates who both have Pangasinan roots. Arroyo was elected President, but her victory was tainted by charges of electoral fraud and vote-buying.
The state of crisis of the national government in Manila
, corruption in Malacanang, widespread poverty, and the slow pace of economic development is forcing many Pangasinans to seek opportunities in Metro Manila, work in other countries or emigrate to wealthier countries, like the United States.
Among those who served as governors include Tito Primicias, Vicente Millora and Daniel Maramba.
, 1,364 barangay (which means "villages"), and six congressional districts. Its major water supply comes from the Agno River
; tourist spots like the hundred islands in Alaminos, Pangasinan are great places to relax especially during summer.
The capital of Pangasinan is Lingayen
.
and Benguet
to the north, Nueva Vizcaya
and Nueva Ecija
to the east, and Zambales
and Tarlac
to the south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea
. The province also encloses the Lingayen Gulf
.
The land area of Pangasinan is 5,368.82 square kilometers (3336.030 sq mi). The province is 170 kilometers (105.633 mi) north of Manila
, 50 kilometers (31.0685 mi.) south of Baguio City
, 115 kilometers (71.4576 mi.) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 kilometers (49.7096 mi.) north of Clark International Airport.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported several inactive volcanoes in Pangasinan: Amorong, Balungao, Cabaluyan, Cahelietan, Candong, and Malabobo. PHIVOLCS reported no active or potentially active volcanoes in Pangasinan. A caldera
-like landform
is located between the towns of Malasiqui and Villasis with a center at about 15° 55′ N and 120° 30′ E near the Cabaruan Hills.
Pangasinan has export earnings of around $5.5 million.
and the South China Sea
. Pangasinan's aquaculture includes oyster and sea urchin farms.
, mangoes, corn
, and sugar cane. Pangasinan has a land area of 536,819 hectares, and 44 percent of the total land area of Pangasinan is devoted to agricultural production.
in the Philippines has identified the following potential investment areas in Pangasinan:
(Totoon Pangasinan) are called Pangasinan or the hispanicized name Pangasinense, or simply taga-Pangasinan, which means "from Pangasinan". The population of Pangasinan is 2,434,086. Pangasinan is the third most populated province in the Philippines. The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in the province of Pangasinan is 1.5 million and is projected to double in about 30 years. According to the 2000 census, 47 percent of the population are Totoon Pangasinan and 44 percent are Ilocanos
. Sambal
settlers from Zambales
also predominate in the westernmost municipalities of Bolinao
and Anda
. The Pangasinan people are closely related to the Austronesian-speaking peoples
of the Philippines
, Malaysia, and Indonesia
. The Pangasinans are also related to the Polynesians
of the Pacific islands
, the Formosan
indigenous peoples
of Taiwan
, the Cham of central Vietnam
and Cambodia
, and the Malagasy
of Madagascar
.
Some prominent people of Pangasinan heritage (though not necessarily ethnic identification) include:
and the United States
for tertiary and higher education. The state and private colleges and universities in Pangasinan include the following:
Pangasinan has 51 hospitals and clinics and 68 rural health units (as of July 2002). Although some residents go to Manila and the United States for extensive medical tests and treatment, most Pangasinenses go to the medical centers in the cities of Dagupan
, San Carlos City
, and Urdaneta
.
and Chinese
influences. Today, Pangasinan is very much westernized.
The main centers of Pangasinense culture are Lingayen
, San Carlos City
, Dagupan
, and Manaoag
.
branch of the Austronesian languages
family and is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan and the dominant language in central and coastal Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is similar to the other Malayo-Polynesian languages
of the Philippines
, Indonesia
, Malaysia and Madagascar
. It is closely related to the Ibaloi
language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet
and Baguio City
, located north of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are:
Other languages are spoken in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Benguet
, Nueva Ecija
, Nueva Vizcaya
, and Ifugao
.
The educated Pangasinans are mostly proficient in their native language, English
, and Tagalog
. Pangasinan is the second-language of many Ilocanos in Pangasinan. Minority languages in Pangasinan are Ilocano and Bolinao
, which is spoken in northwestern Pangasinan.
, although few are strict believers and continue to practice their indigenous Austronesian beliefs and rituals, like most of the people of the Philippines. Spanish
and American
missionaries introduced Christianity to Pangasinan. Prior to the Spanish conquest in 1571, the predominant religion of the people of Pangasinan was similar to the indigenous religion of the highland Igorot
or the inhabitants of the Cordillera Administrative Region
on the island of Luzon, who mostly retained their indigenous culture and religion. A translation of the Bible in the Pangasinan language by Fr. Nicolas Manrique Alonzo Lallave, a Spanish Dominican friar, was the first translation of the Bible in a Philippine language. Pangasinan was also influenced by Hinduism
and Buddhism
before the introduction of Christianity.
Pangasinan is known as a land of miracles. The main pilgrimage centers of Pangasinan are the Shrine of Our Lady of Manaoag, which is reputed to be the pilgrimage capital of northern Luzon; the Shrine of Our Lord Jesus Christ the Divine Treasure (Senor Divino Tesoro), which is known to be a patron of healing, in Calasiao; and the Saint Dominic de Guzman Parish Church in San Carlos City. The Roman Catholic
Archbishop of Lingayen-Dagupan, Pangasinan, is Most Reverend Socrates B. Villegas
.
Other publications that circulate in Pangasinan
include:
The only magazine published monthly
is the Traveler Magazine.
Pangasinan television and radio:
Robert B. Estrella, Sr. Memorial Stadium, Rosales
Provinces of the Philippines
The Provinces of the Philippines are the primary political and administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 80 provinces at present, further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The National Capital Region, as well as independent cities, are autonomous from any provincial...
of the Republic of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. The provincial capital is Lingayen
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Lingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the seat of government of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 95,773 people in 16,467 households.Lingayen...
. Pangasinan is located on the west central and peripheral area of the island of Luzon
Luzon
Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...
along the Lingayen Gulf
Lingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...
, with the total land area being 5,368.82 square kilometers (3336.030 sq mi). According to the latest census, it has a population of 2,645,395 people in 477,819 households. The total population is projected to rise to 3,039,500 in 2010. According to the 2007 Philippine general elections
Philippine general election, 2007
Legislative and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 14, 2007. Positions contested included half the seats in the Senate, which are elected for six-year terms, and all the seats in the House of Representatives, who were elected for three-year terms...
, Pangasinan has a voting population of 1,360,807, which is the second highest in the Philippines.
Pangasinan is the name for the province, the people, and the primary language spoken in the province. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 1.5 million. Pangasinan is spoken as a second-language by many of the ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The most significant minority ethnic groups in Pangasinan are the Ilocano
Ilocano
Ilocano or Ilokano may refer to:* Ilocano people* Ilokano language* Ilokano literature...
, Bolinao
Bolinao
Bolinao or Bolinaon may refer to:*Bolinao, Pangasinan*Bolinao language*The Philippine Anchovy , which is known in Cebuano as bolinao....
, and Tagalog.
The name Pangasinan means "land of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from the words Pang, meaning for and asin, meaning "salt”, or For Salt in the Pangasinan language
Pangasinan language
The Pangasinan language or Pangasinense is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines....
and other related languages. The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Dagupan City
Dagupan City
The City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the...
is known for its Bangus festival named after the fish they widely produce and made the city famous.
An ancient kingdom called Luyag na Kaboloan existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began in the 15th century. The maritime
Shipping
Shipping has multiple meanings. It can be a physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo, by land, air, and sea. It also can describe the movement of objects by ship.Land or "ground" shipping can be by train or by truck...
trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
network that once flourished in ancient Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
connected Pangasinan with other peoples of Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, and the Pacific.
Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon, known as the rice granary of the Philippines. Pangasinan has been described as a gateway to northern Luzon and as the heartland of the Philippines.
Ancient history
The Pangasinan people, like most of the people in the Malay ArchipelagoMalay Archipelago
The Malay Archipelago refers to the archipelago between mainland Southeastern Asia and Australia. The name was derived from the anachronistic concept of a Malay race....
, are descended from the Austronesian-speakers
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
who settled in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times. Comparative genetics, linguistics, and archaeological studies locate the origin of the Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
in Sundaland
Sundaland
Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia which encompasses the areas of the Asian continental shelf that was exposed during the last ice age. It included the Malay Peninsula on the Asian mainland, as well as the large islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra and their surrounding...
, which was populated as early as 50,000 years ago by modern humans. The Pangasinan language is one of many languages that belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...
branch of the Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
family.
Southeast Asian maritime trade network
A vast maritime trade network connected the distant AustronesianAustronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
settlements in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
, the Pacific, and the Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...
. The Pangasinan people were part of this ancient Austronesian
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
civilization.
The ancient Austronesian-speakers
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
were expert navigators. Their outrigger canoes were capable of crossing the distant seas. The Malagasy
Malagasy people
The Malagasy ethnic group forms nearly the entire population of Madagascar. They are divided into two subgroups: the "Highlander" Merina, Sihanaka and Betsileo of the central plateau around Antananarivo, Alaotra and Fianarantsoa, and the côtiers elsewhere in the country. This division has its...
sailed from the Malay archipelago to Madagascar
Madagascar
The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
, an island across the Indian Ocean, and probably reached Africa. The Polynesians
Polynesians
The Polynesian peoples is a grouping of various ethnic groups that speak Polynesian languages, a branch of the Oceanic languages within the Austronesian languages, and inhabit Polynesia. They number approximately 1,500,000 people...
settled the distant Pacific islands as far away as Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
and Easter Island
Easter Island
Easter Island is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian triangle. A special territory of Chile that was annexed in 1888, Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapanui people...
, and probably reached the Americas. At least three hundred years before the arrival of Europeans, the Makasar and the Bugis
Bugis
The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest island. Although many Bugis live in the large port cities of Makassar and Parepare, the majority are farmers who grow wet rice on the...
from Sulawesi
Sulawesi
Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
, in what is now Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, as well as the Bajau
Bajau
The Bajau or Bajaw , also spelled Bajao, Badjau, Badjaw, or Badjao, are an indigenous ethnic group of Maritime Southeast Asia...
of the Malay archipelago, carried out long-distance commerce with their prau and established settlements in north Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, which they called Marege.
Pangasinan was founded by Austronesian-speakers
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
who called themselves Anakbanua, meaning “child of banua.” Banua is an Austronesian concept that could mean territory, homeland, society, civilization or cosmos. The Pangasinan people identified or associated banua with the sun. They established their settlements along the Agno River
Agno River
Agno River is a river in the Philippine island of Luzon, in the province of Pangasinan. It is the fifth largest river system in the country with drainage area of 5,952 km². It originates in the Cordillera Mountains and empties into the South China Sea via the Cordillera Mountains...
and the Lingayen Gulf
Lingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...
. The region came to be known as Pangasinan, in the coastal area, and Kaboloan, in the interior area. Eventually, the whole region and its people came to be known as Pangasinan. Archaeological evidence and early Chinese
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and Indian
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent, also Indian Subcontinent, Indo-Pak Subcontinent or South Asian Subcontinent is a region of the Asian continent on the Indian tectonic plate from the Hindu Kush or Hindu Koh, Himalayas and including the Kuen Lun and Karakoram ranges, forming a land mass which extends...
records show that the inhabitants of Pangasinan traded with India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
as early as the 8th century A.D.
Luyag na Caboloan
An ancient kingdom called Luyag na Kaboloan, with Binalatongan as its capital, existed in the fertile Agno RiverAgno River
Agno River is a river in the Philippine island of Luzon, in the province of Pangasinan. It is the fifth largest river system in the country with drainage area of 5,952 km². It originates in the Cordillera Mountains and empties into the South China Sea via the Cordillera Mountains...
valley. Around the same period, the Srivijaya
Srivijaya
Srivijaya was a powerful ancient thalassocratic Malay empire based on the island of Sumatra, modern day Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6...
and Majapahit empires arose in Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
that extended their influence to much of the Malay Archipelago
Malay Archipelago
The Malay Archipelago refers to the archipelago between mainland Southeastern Asia and Australia. The name was derived from the anachronistic concept of a Malay race....
. Urduja
Urduja
Urduja is a legendary warrior princess who is recognized as a heroine in Pangasinan, Philippines. The name Urduja appears to be Sanskrit in origin, and a variation of the name "Udaya", meaning "arise" or "rising sun", or the name "Urja", meaning "breath"...
, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan around the 14th century. The Luyag na Kaboloan expanded the territory and influence of Pangasinan to what are now the neighboring provinces of Zambales
Zambales
Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Iba. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north, Tarlac and Pampanga to the east, and Bataan to the south. The province lies between the South China Sea and the Zambales Mountains. With a land area of...
, La Union
La Unión
La Union or La Unión may refer to:-Colombia:*La Unión, Antioquia*La Unión, Nariño*La Unión, Sucre*La Unión, Valle del Cauca-Peru:*La Unión Province, Peru...
, Tarlac
Tarlac
Tarlac is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Luzon Island. Its capital is Tarlac City. Tarlac borders Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east, Pangasinan to the north, and Zambales to the west...
, and Benguet
Benguet
Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad and borders, clockwise from the south, Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya....
. Pangasinan enjoyed full independence
Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....
until the Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
conquest.
Mana beliefs and rituals
The ancient Pangasinan people, like other Austronesian peoples, believed in manaMana
Mana is an indigenous Pacific islander concept of an impersonal force or quality that resides in people, animals, and inanimate objects. The word is a cognate in many Oceanic languages, including Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian....
, an Austronesian concept which can be describe as the essence of every being and everything that exists. To the Pangasinan people, mana can be inherited or acquired, like from an ancestor or something in nature. They practiced Shamanist
Shamanism
Shamanism is an anthropological term referencing a range of beliefs and practices regarding communication with the spiritual world. To quote Eliade: "A first definition of this complex phenomenon, and perhaps the least hazardous, will be: shamanism = technique of ecstasy." Shamanism encompasses the...
or animist
Animism
Animism refers to the belief that non-human entities are spiritual beings, or at least embody some kind of life-principle....
beliefs and rituals, and worshipped a pantheon of anitos ("deities"). Their temples or altars were dedicated to a chief anito called Ama Kaoley (“Supreme Father”) who communicated through mediums called manag-anito. These mediums wore special costumes when serving an anito and they made offerings of oils, ointments, essences, and perfumes in exquisite vessels; after the offerings were made, the anito is supposed to reply in a secret room to their questions.
Christianity
In 1324, Odoric of Perdenone, a Franciscan missionary from Friuli, Italy, celebrated a Catholic Mass and baptized natives at Bolinao, Pangasinan. In July 2007, memorial markers were set up in Bolinao to commemorate Odoric's journey based on a publication by Luigi Malamocco, an Italian priest from Friuli, Italy, who claimed that Odoric of Perdenone held the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines in Bolinao, Pangasinan.Spanish colonization
On April 27, 1565, the Spanish conquistadorConquistador
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 15th to 16th centuries, following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492...
Miguel López de Legazpi
Miguel López de Legazpi
Miguel López de Legazpi , also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo , was a Spanish conquistador who established one of the first European settlements in the East Indies and the Pacific Islands in 1565. He is the first Governor-General in the Philippines...
arrived in the Philippine islands with about 500 soldiers to establish a Spanish settlement and begin the conquest of the archipelago. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman
Rajah Sulayman
Rajah Sulayman was the Muslim Rajah of Maynila, a kingdom at the mouth of the Pasig River where it meets Manila Bay, at the time the Spanish forces first came to Luzon....
and other rulers of Manila and later declared Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
as the new capital of the Spanish East Indies
Spanish East Indies
Spanish East Indies was a term used to describe Spanish territories in Asia-Pacific which lasted for three centuries . With the seat of government in Manila, the territory encompassed the Philippine Islands, Guam and the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, and for a period of time, parts of...
. After securing Manila, the Spanish forces continued to conquer the rest of the island of Luzon, including Pangasinan.
Provincia de Pangasinan
In 1571, the Spanish conquest of Pangasinan began with an expedition by the Spanish conquistadorConquistador
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 15th to 16th centuries, following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492...
Martín de Goiti
Martin de Goiti
Martín de Goiti was a Spanish Basque conquistador and founder of the city of Manila in the Philippines. Martín de Goiti was one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish colonization of the East Indies and the Pacific, in 1565. He was the leader of the expedition to Manila, ordered by Miguel...
, who came from the Spanish settlement in Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
through Pampanga
Pampanga
Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the City of San Fernando, Pampanga. Pampanga is bordered by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales to the west, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast...
. About a year later, another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo
Juan de Salcedo
Juan de Salcedo was a Spanish conquistador. He was born in Mexico in 1549 and he was the grandson of Miguel López de Legazpi and brother of Felipe de Salcedo. Salcedo was one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish colonization of the Philippines in 1565...
, sailed to Lingayen Gulf
Lingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...
and landed at the mouth of the Agno River
Agno River
Agno River is a river in the Philippine island of Luzon, in the province of Pangasinan. It is the fifth largest river system in the country with drainage area of 5,952 km². It originates in the Cordillera Mountains and empties into the South China Sea via the Cordillera Mountains...
. Limahong
Limahong
Limahong, Lim Hong or also called Lin Feng was a notorious Chinese pirate and warlord who invaded the northern Philippine Islands in 1574. He built up a reputation for his constant raids to ports in Guangdong, Fujian and southern China...
, a Chinese pirate, fled to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish a colony in Pangasinan, as an army led by Juan de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a seven-month siege.
By 1580, Pangasinan was made into an "Alacadia Mayor" by the Spanish Governor of the Philippines. Roman Catholic Augustinian, Franciscan, and Dominican missionaries arrived with the conquistadors and most of the inhabitants of Pangasinan converted to Roman Catholicism. In 1611, Pangasinan became a Spanish colonial province, comprising the territories of Zambales
Zambales
Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Iba. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north, Tarlac and Pampanga to the east, and Bataan to the south. The province lies between the South China Sea and the Zambales Mountains. With a land area of...
and some areas of La Union
La Unión
La Union or La Unión may refer to:-Colombia:*La Unión, Antioquia*La Unión, Nariño*La Unión, Sucre*La Unión, Valle del Cauca-Peru:*La Unión Province, Peru...
and Tarlac
Tarlac
Tarlac is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Luzon Island. Its capital is Tarlac City. Tarlac borders Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east, Pangasinan to the north, and Zambales to the west...
. Lingayen
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Lingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the seat of government of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 95,773 people in 16,467 households.Lingayen...
was made the capital of the province (and still is to this day). Continued resistance to Spanish rule was forced to go underground or flee to the mountains.
Malong liberation
Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan (now named San Carlos City), liberated the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres Malong Ari na Pangasinan ("King of Pangasinan"). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate the neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by a Spanish-led coalition of loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of Pangasinan fell to the Spanish.
Palaris liberation
On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris overthrew Spanish rule in Pangasinan. The Pangasinan revolt was sparked by news of the fall of Manila to the British on October 6, 1762. However, after the Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War...
on March 1, 1763 that closed the Seven Years' War
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global military war between 1756 and 1763, involving most of the great powers of the time and affecting Europe, North America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines...
between Britain, France and Spain, the Spanish colonial forces made a counter-attack. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was again lost.
Philippine revolution against Spain
The KatipunanKatipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
, a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892 with the aim of uniting the peoples of the Philippines and fighting for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine Revolution
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution , called the "Tagalog War" by the Spanish, was an armed military conflict between the people of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities which resulted in the secession of the Philippine Islands from the Spanish Empire.The Philippine Revolution began in August...
began on August 26, 1896 and was led by Andres Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was a founder and later Supremo of the Katipunan movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution...
, the leader of the Katipunan. On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Roman Manalang as Presidente Generalisimo and Mauro Ortiz as General. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan City
Dagupan City
The City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the...
, the major commercial center of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces by July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted from July 18 to July 23 of that year with the surrender of 1,500 soldiers of the Spanish forces under Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea.
The Battle of Dagupan, fought fiercely by local Katipuneros under the overall command of General Francisco Makabulos, chief of the Central and Directive Committee of Central and Northern Luzon, and the last remnants of the once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos, led to the liberation of Pangasinan from the Spaniards. The five-day battle was joined by three local heroes: Don Daniel Maramba from Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Prado from San Jacinto and Don Juan Quezada from Dagupan. Their armies massed in Dagupan to lay siege on the Spanish forces, making a last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church.
Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898 following a signal for simultaneous attack from Makabulos.
Hearing that Sta. Barbara fell into rebel hands, the Spanish forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town, but were repulsed by Maramba's forces. Thus, after the setback, the Spaniards decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen to protect the provincial capital. This enabled Maramba to expand his operations to Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan, taking them one after the other. He took one more town, Mangaldan, before proceeding to Dagupan to lay siege on the last Spanish garrison. Also on March 7, 1898, the rebels under the command of Prado and Quesada attacked convents in a number of towns in Zambales province, located west of Lingayen, which now constitute the western parts of Pangasinan.
Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin, Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. The revolt then spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other towns in the west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied first by the forces of Prado and Quesada before they proceeded to attack Dagupan.
At an assembly convened to organize a central governing body for Central and Northern Luzon on April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Prado as politico-military governor of Pangasinan, with Quesada as his second in command. His appointment came a few days before the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo in May 1898 from his exile in Hong Kong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo's return gave fresh impetus to the renewal of the flame of the revolution. Thus, on June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac and from that day on, the fires of revolution spread.
So successful were the Filipinos in their many pitched battles against the Spaniards that on June 30, 1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all their forces to Dagupan where a last stand against the rebels was to be made. Also ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel, including members of the volunteer locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this order were the volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag, and Villasis. Among those brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag, which at that time was already the patron saint of Pangasinan.
When the forces of Maramba from the east and Prado from the west converged in Dagupan on July 18, 1898, the siege began. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the Spaniards, holed up inside the Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. Armed poorly, the Filipinos were no match at the very start with Spanish soldiers holed inside the Church. They just became mere sitting ducks to Spanish soldiers shooting with their rifles from a distance. But the tempo of battle changed when the attackers, under Don Vicente Prado, devised a crude means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. This happened when they rolled trunks of bananas, bundled up in sawali, that enabled them to inch their way to the Church.
American colonization
Spanish East Indies
Spanish East Indies was a term used to describe Spanish territories in Asia-Pacific which lasted for three centuries . With the seat of government in Manila, the territory encompassed the Philippine Islands, Guam and the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, and for a period of time, parts of...
were ceded to the Americans after the Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was signed on December 10, 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American War, and came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the ratifications were exchanged....
that closed the Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War
The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, effectively the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence...
. During the Philippine–American War, General Jose Torres Bugallon
Jose Torres Bugallon
José Torres Bugallón y Gonzales was a Filipino military officer who fought in the Philippine-American War. He is known as the "Hero of the Battle of La Loma", where he was fatally wounded.-Family background:...
from the town of Salasa fought together with General Antonio Luna to defend the First Philippine Republic
First Philippine Republic
The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines...
against American colonization of Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished on 1901. In 1907, the Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time, five residents of Pangasinan were elected as its district representatives. In 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine Assembly
Philippine Assembly
The Philippine Assembly was the lower house of the legislative body of the Philippines during the early part of American colonial period. It was created by the Philippine Organic Act, passed in 1902, which also established the Philippine Commission as the upper house of the Philippine Legislature,...
, sponsored a law to rename the town of Salasa to Bugallon in order to honor General Bugallon.
World War II and the Japanese rule
Lingayen GulfLingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...
was one of the strategic places during the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese forces under Gen. Masaharu Homma
Masaharu Homma
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He is noteworthy for his role in the invasion and occupation of the Philippines during World War II. Homma, who was an amateur painter and playwright, was also known as the Poet General.-Biography:...
landed on the shores of Pangasinan in December 1941, a few days after the attack on Pearl Harbor
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941...
, and started the Japanese occupation of the country. In 1945, during the Battle of Pangasinan from the combined Filipino and U.S. Troops, American troops landed on the beaches of Pangasinan and joined Pangasinese guerrillas together with the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the 2nd, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 26th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary to free Luzon
Luzon
Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...
from the Japanese.
1946-1986
After the declaration of Independence in Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
on July 4, 1946, Eugenio Perez, a Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Philippines)
The Liberal Party of the Philippines is a liberal party in the Philippines, founded by then senators Senate President Manuel Roxas, Senate President Pro-Tempore Elpidio Quirino, and former 9th Senatorial District Senator Jose Avelino, on November 24, 1945 by a breakaway Liberal group from the...
congressman representing the fourth district of Pangasinan, was elected Speaker of the lower Legislative House
House of Representatives of the Philippines
The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower chamber of the...
. He led the House until 1953, when the Nacionalista Party
Nacionalista Party
The Nacionalista Party is the oldest political party in the Philippines today and was responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907...
became the dominant party.
Pangasinan, which was historically part of the Central Luzon region, was made part of the Ilocos Region
Ilocos Region
The Ilocos region or Region I is a Region of the Philippines and is located in the northwest of Luzon. It borders to the east the regions of the Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley and to the south the region of Central Luzon...
(or Region I) in the gerrymandering of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
by Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
, despite the fact that Pangasinan has a distinct primary language, which is Pangasinan. The political classification of Pangasinan as part of the Ilocos Region has generated confusion among some Filipinos that the residents of Pangasinan are Ilocanos. Pangasinan has a distinct primary language and culture, its economy is bigger than the predominantly Ilocano provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La Union, and its population is more than 50 percent of the population of Region 1. Many people of Pangasinan prefer to have their own Pangasinan Region.
1986-present
In February 1986, Vice Chief of Staff General Fidel V. Ramos
Fidel V. Ramos
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
, head of the Philippine Integrated National Police and a native of Lingayen, Pangasinan, became one of the instrumental figures of the EDSA people power revolution that led to the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
.
After the downfall of Marcos, all local government unit executives in the Philippines were ordered by President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
Corazon Aquino
Corazon Aquino
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...
to vacate their posts. Some local executives were ordered to return to their seats as in the case of Mayor Ludovico Espinosa of Dasol, where he claims he joined the UNIDO, Mrs. Aquino's party during the height of the EDSA Revolution. Fidel Ramos was appointed as AFP Chief of Staff and later as Defense Secretary replacing Juan Ponce Enrile
Juan Ponce Enrile
Juan Ponce Enrile is a Filipino politician. As a protege of President Ferdinand Marcos, he served as Justice Secretary and then Defense Secretary under the Marcos regime. He later became one of the leaders of the 1986 People Power Movement that drove Marcos from power...
. Oscar Orbos, a congressman from Bani, Pangasinan, was appointed by Aquino as head of the Department of Transportation and Communications and later as Executive Secretary.
On May 11, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos ran
Philippine general election, 1992
The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. This was the first general election under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors...
for the position of President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
. He was elected and became the first Pangasinan President of the Philippines. Through his leadership, the Philippines recovered from a severe economy after the oil and power crisis of 1991. His influence also sparked the economic growth of Pangasinan when it hosted the 1995 Palarong Pambansa (Philippine National Games).
Jose de Venecia, who represented the same district as Eugenio Perez, was the second Pangasinan to be Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1992. He was reelected for the same position in 1995. De Venecia was selected by the Ramos' administration party Lakas NUCD to be its presidential candidate in 1998. De Venecia ran
Philippine general election, 1998
The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. The two main competing coalitions in the senatorial election were the Lakas-NUCD-UMDP and the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino -led coalition composed of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino , Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino , the...
but lost to Vice President
Vice President of the Philippines
-Description:The Vice-President is the first in the Philippine line of succession, assuming the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal by impeachment and subsequent conviction of the incumbent. The position was abolished by Martial Law in 1972, and was not included in the original text...
Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
. Oscar Orbos, who served as Pangasinan governor from 1995, ran
Philippine general election, 1998
The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. The two main competing coalitions in the senatorial election were the Lakas-NUCD-UMDP and the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino -led coalition composed of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino , Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino , the...
for Vice President, but lost to Senator
Senate of the Philippines
The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines...
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
, whose mother, former First Lady Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal
Eva Macapagal
Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal was the second wife of Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal, the ninth First Lady of the Philippines, and the mother of former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.She is notable for combining simplicity with graceful elegance during her term as the...
, hails from Binalonan, Pangasinan.
Arroyo later ascended to the presidency after the second EDSA Revolution when President Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
was overthrown.
On May 2004, actor-turned-politician Fernando Poe, Jr., whose family is from San Carlos City, Pangasinan, ran for President against incumbent Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
during the Philippine general election in 2004
Philippine general election, 2004
The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 10, 2004. The major coalitions that participated are the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan composed of parties that support the candidacy of president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino ,...
. The Pangasinan vote was almost evenly split by the two presidential candidates who both have Pangasinan roots. Arroyo was elected President, but her victory was tainted by charges of electoral fraud and vote-buying.
The state of crisis of the national government in Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
, corruption in Malacanang, widespread poverty, and the slow pace of economic development is forcing many Pangasinans to seek opportunities in Metro Manila, work in other countries or emigrate to wealthier countries, like the United States.
Governors of Pangasinan
Among those who served as governors include Tito Primicias, Vicente Millora and Daniel Maramba.
- Aguedo Agbayani (1972–1986)
- Demetrio Demetria (1986–1988)
- Rafael Colet (1988–1992)
- Aguedo Agbayani (1992–1995)
- Oscar Orbos (1995–1998)
- Victor Agbayani (1998–2007)
- Amado Espino Jr. (2007–Present)
Political
The province of Pangasinan is subdivided into 44 municipalities, 4 citiesCities of the Philippines
A city is a tier of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities, whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own specific charters in addition to the Local Government Code of 1991, which specifies the administrative structure...
, 1,364 barangay (which means "villages"), and six congressional districts. Its major water supply comes from the Agno River
Agno River
Agno River is a river in the Philippine island of Luzon, in the province of Pangasinan. It is the fifth largest river system in the country with drainage area of 5,952 km². It originates in the Cordillera Mountains and empties into the South China Sea via the Cordillera Mountains...
; tourist spots like the hundred islands in Alaminos, Pangasinan are great places to relax especially during summer.
The capital of Pangasinan is Lingayen
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Lingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the seat of government of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 95,773 people in 16,467 households.Lingayen...
.
Cities
| City | Income Class | District | Population (2007) | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaminos City Alaminos City Alaminos City is a 4th class city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 79,788 people in 15,527 households... |
2nd class, component | 1st | 79,788 | 164 |
| Dagupan City Dagupan City The City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the... |
1st class, independent component | 4th | 149,554 | 37 |
| San Carlos City San Carlos City, Pangasinan San Carlos City is a 2nd class city in the Province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 161,884 people in 28,025 households. This figure shows the city is the most populated land area in Pangasinan except for its density.-History:The place now called... |
2nd class, component | 2nd | 161,884 | 169 |
| Urdaneta City Urdaneta City Urdaneta City is a 1st class city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 120,785 people in 22,908 households.... |
1st class, component | 5th | 120,785 | 100 |
Municipalities
| Municipality | Income Class | District | Population (2007) | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agno Agno, Pangasinan Agno is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 26,023 people in 5,493 households.... |
3rd Class | 1st | 26,023 | 170 |
| Aguilar Aguilar, Pangasinan Aguilar is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 36,564 people in 6,131 households. The municipality got its name after Spanish governor-general Rafael Maria de Aguilar.... |
3rd Class | 2nd | 36,564 | 195 |
| Alcala Alcala, Pangasinan Alcala is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 38,934 people in 7,181 households.-History:... |
3rd Class | 5th | 38,934 | 46 |
| Anda Anda, Pangasinan Anda is a 4th class island-municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. The people of Anda generally speak Bolinao. The island is near the Hundred Islands, a popular tourist destination for its caves and beaches.... |
3rd Class | 1st | 34,398 | 75 |
| Asingan Asingan, Pangasinan Asingan is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 54,092 people in 10,499 households.It is the hometown of President Fidel V. Ramos, the 12th President of the Philippines.... |
2nd Class | 6th | 54,092 | 67 |
| Balungao Balungao, Pangasinan Balungao is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 25,214 people in 5,102 households.-Barangays:Balungao is politically subdivided into 20 barangays.-Volcano:... |
4th Class | 6th | 25,214 | 73 |
| Bani Bani, Pangasinan Bani is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. It is located between Alaminos City and Bolinao and is named after the Bani, tree which could be found in the Poblacion... |
2nd Class | 1st | 45,652 | 180 |
| Basista Basista, Pangasinan Basista is a 4th class municipality in the Province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 28,104 people in 4,871 households.-Barangays:Basista is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.* Anambongan* Bayoyong... |
4th Class | 2nd | 28,104 | 24 |
| Bautista Bautista, Pangasinan Bautista is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 27,066 people in 5,418 households.-Barangays:Bautista is politically subdivided into 18 barangays.-External links:*... |
4th Class | 5th | 28,094 | 46 |
| Bayambang Bayambang, Pangasinan Bayambang is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 103,145 people in 17,897 households.-Etymology:... |
1st Class | 3rd | 103,145 | 144 |
| Binalonan Binalonan, Pangasinan Binalonan is a municipality geographically located in the province of Pangasinan in the Philippines. At present it is becoming one of the province’s top producers of rice grains and mangoes. The town is known for its rich history rooted in oral traditions of folklore... |
1st Class | 5th | 52,722 | 48 |
| Binmaley Binmaley, Pangasinan Binmaley is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 76,214 people in 13,415 households.... |
1st Class | 2nd | 76,214 | 119 |
| Bolinao Bolinao, Pangasinan Bolinao is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 69,568 people in 12,182 households.-History:... |
1st Class | 1st | 69,568 | 197 |
| Bugallon Bugallon, Pangasinan Bugallon is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 62,237 people in 10,614 households.-History:... |
2nd Class | 2nd | 62,237 | 190 |
| Burgos Burgos, Pangasinan Burgos is a fourth-class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 20,187 people in 3,764 households. With its close distance to the China Sea, the town offers magnificent seaside residential areas.-History:Its founder and father... |
4th Class | 1st | 20,187 | 131 |
| Calasiao Calasiao, Pangasinan Calasiao is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 85,419 people with 15,020 households. In the Pangasinan language, the town is called "Baley na Calasiao" which means "town of Calasiao" in English... |
1st Class | 3rd | 85,419 | 48 |
| Dasol Dasol, Pangasinan Dasol is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 27,027 people in 5,092 households.... |
3rd Class | 1st | 27,027 | 167 |
| Infanta Infanta, Pangasinan Infanta is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 23,731 people in 4,219 households.-Barangays:Infanta is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.* Bamban* Batang... |
3rd Class | 1st | 23,731 | 254 |
| Labrador Labrador, Pangasinan Labrador is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 20,508 people in 3,830 households.-Barangays:Labrador is politically subdivided into 10 barangays.* Bolo* Bongalon... |
4th Class | 2nd | 20,508 | 91 |
| Laoac Laoac, Pangasinan Laoac is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 28,266 people in 5,449 households.-Barangays:Laoac is politically subdivided into 22 barangays.*Anis*Balligi*Banuar... |
4th Class | 5th | 28,266 | 41 |
| Lingayen Lingayen, Pangasinan Lingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the seat of government of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 95,773 people in 16,467 households.Lingayen... |
1st Class | 2nd | 95,773 | 63 |
| Mabini Mabini, Pangasinan Mabini is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 23,338 people in 4,774 households.-Barangays:Mabini is politically subdivided into 16 barangays. In 1954,... |
3rd Class | 1st | 23,338 | 291 |
| Malasiqui Malasiqui, Pangasinan Malasiqui is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 122,820 people in 20,798 households.... |
1st Class | 3rd | 122,820 | 131 |
| Manaoag Manaoag, Pangasinan Manaoag is a first class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 62,684 people under 10,563 households.... |
1st Class | 4th | 62,684 | 56 |
| Mangaldan Mangaldan, Pangasinan Mangaldan is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. It is near the cities of Dagupan and Baguio. It is in the 4th congressional district of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 90,391 people in 15,356 households.Mangaldan was founded by... |
1st Class | 4th | 90,391 | 48 |
| Mangatarem Mangatarem, Pangasinan Mangatarem is a 2nd class and largest municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 65,366 people in 11,704 households.... |
1st Class | 2nd | 65,366 | 318 |
| Mapandan Mapandan, Pangasinan Mapandan is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 32,905 people in 5,751 households.... |
3rd Class | 3rd | 32,905 | 30 |
| Natividad Natividad, Pangasinan Natividad is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 21,560 people in 4,153 households.-Barangays:Natividad is politically subdivided into 18 barangays.* Barangobong... |
4th Class | 6th | 21,560 | 134 |
| Pozorrubio | 1st Class | 5th | 63,689 | 135 |
| Rosales Rosales, Pangasinan Rosales is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. It is sometimes called as Carmen, Pangasinan based on its progressive barangay, Carmen... |
1st Class | 6th | 57,702 | 66 |
| San Fabian San Fabian, Pangasinan San Fabian is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 74,005 people in 12,690 households.... |
1st Class | 4th | 74,005 | 81 |
| San Jacinto San Jacinto, Pangasinan San Jacinto is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 35,591 people in 6,143 households.-Barangays:San Jacinto is politically subdivided into 19 barangays.* Awai... |
1st Class | 4th | 35,591 | 44 |
| San Manuel San Manuel, Pangasinan San Manuel is a 2nd class municipality in the eastern part province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 46,769 people in 8,644 households.-Barangays:San Manuel is politically subdivided into 14 barangays.... |
1st Class | 6th | 46,769 | 129 |
| San Nicolas San Nicolas, Pangasinan San Nicolas is a third class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines.-History:According to local lore, the town was founded by Nicolas Patricio with his wife, Isidra Sangalang, and a handful of followers... |
1st Class | 6th | 33,419 | 210 |
| San Quintin San Quintin, Pangasinan San Quintin is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 30,556 people in 5,667 households .-Barangays:San Quintin is politically subdivided into 21 barangays.... |
3rd Class | 6th | 30,556 | 116 |
| Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, Pangasinan Santa Barbara is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 73,025 people in 12,111 households.-Geography:... |
1st Class | 3rd | 73,025 | 61 |
| Santa Maria Santa Maria, Pangasinan Santa Maria is a 4th class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 30,721 people in 5,818 households.-Barangays:Santa Maria is politically subdivided into 23 barangays.* Bal-loy... |
4th Class | 6th | 30,721 | 70 |
| Santo Tomas Santo Tomas, Pangasinan Santo Tomas is a 5th class and smallest municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 13,802 people in 2,716 households... |
5th Class | 5th | 13,706 | 13 |
| Sison Sison, Pangasinan Sison is a 3rd class and northernmost municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 42,791 people in 8,015 households.-Geography:... |
3rd Class | 5th | 42,791 | 82 |
| Sual Sual, Pangasinan Sual is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 29,925 people in 5,444 households.... |
1st Class | 1st | 29,925 | 130 |
| Tayug Tayug, Pangasinan Tayug is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 37,954 people in 7,479 households.-Barangays:Tayug is politically subdivided into 21 barangays.* Agno* Amistad... |
3rd Class | 6th | 37,954 | 51 |
| Umingan Umingan, Pangasinan Umingan is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 62,497 people in 12,346 households.-Municipal Government Officials:Term of Office: June 30, 2010 - June 30, 2013 Mayor:... |
1st Class | 6th | 62,497 | 258 |
| Urbiztondo Urbiztondo, Pangasinan Urbiztondo is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 43,430 people in 7,339 households... |
3rd Class | 2nd | 43,430 | 82 |
| Villasis Villasis, Pangasinan Villasis is a 1st class municipality municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 56,668 people in 11,001 households.... |
1st Class | 5th | 56,668 | 76 |
Physical
Pangasinan is located on the west central area of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Pangasinan borders La UnionLa Unión
La Union or La Unión may refer to:-Colombia:*La Unión, Antioquia*La Unión, Nariño*La Unión, Sucre*La Unión, Valle del Cauca-Peru:*La Unión Province, Peru...
and Benguet
Benguet
Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad and borders, clockwise from the south, Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya....
to the north, Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by, clockwise from the north, Ifugao, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Benguet.-History, people and culture:The name was derived from the...
and Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Palayan City...
to the east, and Zambales
Zambales
Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Iba. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north, Tarlac and Pampanga to the east, and Bataan to the south. The province lies between the South China Sea and the Zambales Mountains. With a land area of...
and Tarlac
Tarlac
Tarlac is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Luzon Island. Its capital is Tarlac City. Tarlac borders Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east, Pangasinan to the north, and Zambales to the west...
to the south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...
. The province also encloses the Lingayen Gulf
Lingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...
.
The land area of Pangasinan is 5,368.82 square kilometers (3336.030 sq mi). The province is 170 kilometers (105.633 mi) north of Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
, 50 kilometers (31.0685 mi.) south of Baguio City
Baguio City
The City of Baguio is a highly urbanized city in northern Luzon in the Philippines. Baguio City was established by Americans in 1900 at the site of an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway...
, 115 kilometers (71.4576 mi.) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 kilometers (49.7096 mi.) north of Clark International Airport.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported several inactive volcanoes in Pangasinan: Amorong, Balungao, Cabaluyan, Cahelietan, Candong, and Malabobo. PHIVOLCS reported no active or potentially active volcanoes in Pangasinan. A caldera
Caldera
A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption, such as the one at Yellowstone National Park in the US. They are sometimes confused with volcanic craters...
-like landform
Landform
A landform or physical feature in the earth sciences and geology sub-fields, comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography...
is located between the towns of Malasiqui and Villasis with a center at about 15° 55′ N and 120° 30′ E near the Cabaruan Hills.
Economy
Energy
The 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant,and 345 megawatt San Roque Multi-Purpose Dam, located in the municipalities of San Manuel and San Nicolas are the primary sources of energy of the province.Marine
Pangasinan is a major fish supplier in Luzon, and a major producer of salt in the Philippines. It has extensive fishponds, mostly for raising bangus, or "milkfish", along the coasts of the Lingayen GulfLingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...
and the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...
. Pangasinan's aquaculture includes oyster and sea urchin farms.
Agriculture
The major crops in Pangasinan are riceRice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
, mangoes, corn
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, and sugar cane. Pangasinan has a land area of 536,819 hectares, and 44 percent of the total land area of Pangasinan is devoted to agricultural production.
Labor
Pangasinan has a labor force of about 1.52 million, and 87 percent of the labor force are gainfully employed.Investment
The Department of Trade and IndustryDepartment of Trade and Industry (Philippines)
The Philippines’ Department of Trade and Industry , abbreviated as DTI is the executive department of the Philippine Government tasked to expand Philippine trade, industries and investments as the means to generate jobs and raise incomes for Filipinos...
in the Philippines has identified the following potential investment areas in Pangasinan:
- Maguey production and handicraft center
- Santiago Island Marine Park
- Oyster processing facility
- Bagoong technology and processing center
- Tannery and leather production center
- Oyster and aquaculture farming
- Seaweed farming
- Bamboo production
- Handicraft and furniture making
- Manufacture of construction bricks
- Tourism development
Population
The Pangasinan peoplePangasinan people
The Pangasinan are the eighth largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. They are the residents or indigenous peoples of the Province of Pangasinan, one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines, located on the west central area in the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf...
(Totoon Pangasinan) are called Pangasinan or the hispanicized name Pangasinense, or simply taga-Pangasinan, which means "from Pangasinan". The population of Pangasinan is 2,434,086. Pangasinan is the third most populated province in the Philippines. The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in the province of Pangasinan is 1.5 million and is projected to double in about 30 years. According to the 2000 census, 47 percent of the population are Totoon Pangasinan and 44 percent are Ilocanos
Ilocano people
The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. Aside from being referred to as Ilocanos, from "i"-from, and "looc"-bay, they also refer to themselves as Samtoy, from the Ilocano phrase "sao mi ditoy", meaning 'our language here.' The word "Ilocano" came from...
. Sambal
Sambal people
The Sambal are a Filipino ethnolinguistic group living primarily in the province of Zambales, the city of Olongapo, and the Pangasinense municipalities of Bolinao and Anda...
settlers from Zambales
Zambales
Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Iba. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north, Tarlac and Pampanga to the east, and Bataan to the south. The province lies between the South China Sea and the Zambales Mountains. With a land area of...
also predominate in the westernmost municipalities of Bolinao
Bolinao, Pangasinan
Bolinao is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 69,568 people in 12,182 households.-History:...
and Anda
Anda, Pangasinan
Anda is a 4th class island-municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. The people of Anda generally speak Bolinao. The island is near the Hundred Islands, a popular tourist destination for its caves and beaches....
. The Pangasinan people are closely related to the Austronesian-speaking peoples
Austronesian people
The Austronesian-speaking peoples are various populations in Oceania and Southeast Asia that speak languages of the Austronesian family. They include Taiwanese aborigines; the majority ethnic groups of East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Madagascar, Micronesia, and Polynesia,...
of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
, Malaysia, and Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. The Pangasinans are also related to the Polynesians
Polynesians
The Polynesian peoples is a grouping of various ethnic groups that speak Polynesian languages, a branch of the Oceanic languages within the Austronesian languages, and inhabit Polynesia. They number approximately 1,500,000 people...
of the Pacific islands
Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands comprise 20,000 to 30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands are also sometimes collectively called Oceania, although Oceania is sometimes defined as also including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago....
, the Formosan
Taiwanese aborigines
Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myths, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han...
indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....
of Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, the Cham of central Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
and Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
, and the Malagasy
Malagasy people
The Malagasy ethnic group forms nearly the entire population of Madagascar. They are divided into two subgroups: the "Highlander" Merina, Sihanaka and Betsileo of the central plateau around Antananarivo, Alaotra and Fianarantsoa, and the côtiers elsewhere in the country. This division has its...
of Madagascar
Madagascar
The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
.
Some prominent people of Pangasinan heritage (though not necessarily ethnic identification) include:
- Philippine's foremost National Hero, Jose Rizal, traces his roots in Pangasinan through his maternal grandmother, Brigida de Quintos. Brigida's father was Manuel de Quintos was an attorney of Manila, graduated from Santo Tomás University, whose family were Chinese mestizos of Lingayen, Pangasinan.
- President Gloria Macapagal-ArroyoGloria Macapagal-ArroyoGloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
, whose mother was from BinalonanBinalonan, PangasinanBinalonan is a municipality geographically located in the province of Pangasinan in the Philippines. At present it is becoming one of the province’s top producers of rice grains and mangoes. The town is known for its rich history rooted in oral traditions of folklore...
, Pangasinan. - President Fidel V. RamosFidel V. RamosFidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
, who was born in LingayenLingayen, PangasinanLingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the seat of government of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 95,773 people in 16,467 households.Lingayen...
, Pangasinan. - Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.Jose de Venecia, Jr.Jose Claveria de Venecia, Jr. also known as JDV or Joe De V is a former Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, serving from 1992 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2008. As Speaker, he was the fourth highest ranking official of the Philippines. He was the former president of the...
, who was born in Dagupan CityDagupan CityThe City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the...
, Pangasinan. - The late actor and presidential candidate Fernando Poe, Jr.Fernando Poe, Jr.Ronald Allan Poe y Kelley , better known as Fernando Poe, Jr. and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King, was a Filipino actor and cultural icon. From the 1950s, Poe played steadfast film heroes who fight for the common man, which won him respect and admiration...
, whose father was from San Carlos CitySan Carlos City, PangasinanSan Carlos City is a 2nd class city in the Province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 161,884 people in 28,025 households. This figure shows the city is the most populated land area in Pangasinan except for its density.-History:The place now called...
, Pangasinan. - Director General Arturo Lomibao, the former head of the Philippine National PolicePhilippine National PoliceThe Philippine National Police is the national police force of the Republic of the Philippines. It is both a national and a local police force in that it does provides all law enforcement services throughout the Philippines...
, is from MangaldanMangaldan, PangasinanMangaldan is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. It is near the cities of Dagupan and Baguio. It is in the 4th congressional district of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 90,391 people in 15,356 households.Mangaldan was founded by...
, Pangasinan. - Lt. Gen. Jose Mejia Calimlim, the Vice Chief of Staff of the Philippine Armed ForcesArmed Forces of the PhilippinesThe Armed Forces of the Philippines is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force...
, is from MapandanMapandan, PangasinanMapandan is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 32,905 people in 5,751 households....
, Pangasinan. - Gabriel Singson, the former governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, is from Lingayen, Pangasinan.
- F. Sionil JoséF. Sionil JoséF. Sionil José or in full Francisco Sionil José is one of the most widely-read Filipino writers in the English language. His novels and short stories depict the social underpinnings of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society...
and Carlos BulosanCarlos BulosanAlso known as Julius Zafra , a Filipino, an English-language novelist and poet who spent most of his life in the United States, and is best known for the semi-autobiographical America Is in the Heart.-Life and career:Carlos Bulosan was born to Ilocano parents in...
are internationally known writers from Pangasinan. - Victorio C. EdadesVictorio C. EdadesVictorio C. Edades is a Filipino painter who was the leader of the revolutionary Thirteen Moderns who engaged their classical compatriots in heated debate over the nature and function of art. He was named a National Artist in 1976.-Biography:Victorio Edades was born on December 23, 1895 to Hilario...
, a Filipino modernist and a recognized National Artist, was from Pangasinan. - Jacqueline Aquino Siapno, a professor from Dagupan City, is the interim first lady of East TimorEast TimorThe Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
. - Dr. Francisco Viray, former dean of the University of the PhilippinesUniversity of the PhilippinesThe ' is the national university of the Philippines. Founded in 1908 through Act No...
Engineering Dept and former Secretary of Energy of the Philippines during the President RamosFidel V. RamosFidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
Administration, is from Lingayen, Pangasinan. - Geronima Tomelden-Pecson, the first female senator of the Philippines, was a native of Lingayen.
- Julius Bongato, the first Filipino gay to be the Ms. Gay Universe 2009 held in Tokyo, Japan. He hails from Mapandan, Pangasinan.
- Gen.Hermogenes Cendaña Esperon, Jr.,a native of Asingan, former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during Pres. Gloria M. Arroyo Administration.
- Donita RoseDonita RoseDonita Rose-Villarama, , also known as Donita Rose, Donita, is a Filipina actress, TV Host and former MTV Asia VJ.-Biography:...
's mother belongs to the Ramos clan of Bayambang, PangasinanBayambang, PangasinanBayambang is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 103,145 people in 17,897 households.-Etymology:... - Julius BabaoJulius BabaoJulius Caesar Concepcion Babao is a Filipino broadcast journalist, radio commentator and former talk show host for the Philippine television station ABS-CBN...
- Cheryl CosimCheryl CosimCheryl Cosim is a Filipina journalist, news anchor and TV host. She started on ABS-CBN hosting the programs Salamat Dok!, the hourly news updates, and a radio show on DZMM. She moved to TV5 on summer 2010. She currently hosts Alagang Kapatid and Aksyon with Paolo Bediones, and then Erwin...
- Anne CurtisAnne CurtisAnne Ojales Curtis-Smith, also known as Anne Curtis is a Filipino-Australian actress, model, television host, singer and VJ currently active in the Philippines....
- Danny IldefonsoDanny IldefonsoDanilo Ildefonso is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Petron Blaze Boosters in the Philippine Basketball Association. Nicknamed Danny I and The Demolition Man, Ildefonso is a two-time PBA Most Valuable Player in 2000 and 2001...
from Urdaneta CityUrdaneta CityUrdaneta City is a 1st class city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 120,785 people in 22,908 households.... - Barbara "Barbie" Salvador, a native of Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, Mutya ng Pilipinas 2010, Miss Tourism Cosmopolitan International 2010
- General Jacinto Ligot, a native of Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, a former AFP Comptroller
- Ana "The Hurricane" Julaton, a native of Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, World Boxing Champion
- Marc Pingris, a native of Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, a Filipino-French professional basketball player, PBA Champion
- Oscar Orbos, a native of Bani, Pangasinan, a former senator and TV host
Health and education
There are thousands of public schools and hundreds of private schools across the province for primary and secondary education. Many Pangasineneses go to Metro ManilaMetro Manila
Metropolitan Manila , the National Capital Region , or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
for tertiary and higher education. The state and private colleges and universities in Pangasinan include the following:
- Oakridge International School of Young Leaders
- AMA Computer College
- Asian Institute Of E-Commerce
- Colegio de Dagupan
- Colegio San Jose De Alaminos
- Dagupan Colleges Foundation
- Golden West Colleges
- Kingfisher School of Business and Finance
- Lyceum Northern Luzon
- Lyceum Northwestern University
- Luzon Colleges of Science and Technology
- Palaris College
- Pangasinan State UniversityPangasinan State UniversityPangasinan State University, commonly referred to as PSU, is a state university in the Philippines. The university was founded in its current form in 1979, although its origins trace back to the 1920s. PSU is notable for its many locations throughout the province of Pangasinan...
- Pangasinan Merchant Marine Academy
- Panpacific University Northern Philippines
- Philippine College of Science and Technology
- Pimsat Colleges
- Saint Columban's College
- San Carlos College
- Saint Therese of the Child Jesus College Foundation
- STI College
- University of LuzonUniversity of LuzonThe University of Luzon is a private university located in Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines.-History:After the ruins of World War II, Dagupan City rose to become one of the major economic, political and socio - cultural centers of Northern Luzon...
- University of PangasinanUniversity of PangasinanIt is located in the province of Pangasinan. It is a member of the PHINMA Education Network.The University of Pangasinan is located in the City of Dagupan which is the commercial center of the province of Pangasinan . The university is a member of the PHINMA Education Network. It offers ...
- Urdaneta City University
- University Of Perpetual Help - Jonelta Foundation (Pangasinan Campus)
- Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
- WCC Aeronautical and Technological College
- Gospel of Christ Montessori School (GCMS
- Precious Minds Montessori and High School (PMMHS)
Pangasinan has 51 hospitals and clinics and 68 rural health units (as of July 2002). Although some residents go to Manila and the United States for extensive medical tests and treatment, most Pangasinenses go to the medical centers in the cities of Dagupan
Dagupan City
The City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the...
, San Carlos City
San Carlos City, Pangasinan
San Carlos City is a 2nd class city in the Province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 161,884 people in 28,025 households. This figure shows the city is the most populated land area in Pangasinan except for its density.-History:The place now called...
, and Urdaneta
Urdaneta City
Urdaneta City is a 1st class city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 120,785 people in 22,908 households....
.
Culture
The culture of Pangasinan is a blend of the indigenous Malayo-Polynesian and western Hispanic and American cultures, with some IndianIndian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent, also Indian Subcontinent, Indo-Pak Subcontinent or South Asian Subcontinent is a region of the Asian continent on the Indian tectonic plate from the Hindu Kush or Hindu Koh, Himalayas and including the Kuen Lun and Karakoram ranges, forming a land mass which extends...
and Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
influences. Today, Pangasinan is very much westernized.
The main centers of Pangasinense culture are Lingayen
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Lingayen is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is the capital municipality and the seat of government of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, it has a population of 95,773 people in 16,467 households.Lingayen...
, San Carlos City
San Carlos City, Pangasinan
San Carlos City is a 2nd class city in the Province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 161,884 people in 28,025 households. This figure shows the city is the most populated land area in Pangasinan except for its density.-History:The place now called...
, Dagupan
Dagupan City
The City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the...
, and Manaoag
Manaoag, Pangasinan
Manaoag is a first class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 62,684 people under 10,563 households....
.
Language
The Pangasinan language is an agglutinative language. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languagesMalayo-Polynesian languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...
branch of the Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
family and is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan and the dominant language in central and coastal Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is similar to the other Malayo-Polynesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...
of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, Malaysia and Madagascar
Madagascar
The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
. It is closely related to the Ibaloi
Ibaloi
The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. The Ibaloi are one of the indigenous peoples collectively known as Igorot, who live in the mountains of the Cordillera Central on the island of Luzon...
language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet
Benguet
Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad and borders, clockwise from the south, Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya....
and Baguio City
Baguio City
The City of Baguio is a highly urbanized city in northern Luzon in the Philippines. Baguio City was established by Americans in 1900 at the site of an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway...
, located north of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are:
- PangasinanPangasinan languageThe Pangasinan language or Pangasinense is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines....
- IbaloiIbaloiThe Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. The Ibaloi are one of the indigenous peoples collectively known as Igorot, who live in the mountains of the Cordillera Central on the island of Luzon...
- Karao
- I-wak
- Kalanguya
- Keley-I
- Kallahan
- Kayapa
- Tinoc
Other languages are spoken in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Benguet
Benguet
Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad and borders, clockwise from the south, Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya....
, Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Palayan City...
, Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by, clockwise from the north, Ifugao, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Benguet.-History, people and culture:The name was derived from the...
, and Ifugao
Ifugao
Ifugao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Covering a total land area of 262,820 hectares, the province of Ifugao is located in a mountainous region characterized by rugged terrain, river valleys, and massive forests...
.
The educated Pangasinans are mostly proficient in their native language, English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
, and Tagalog
Tagalog language
Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...
. Pangasinan is the second-language of many Ilocanos in Pangasinan. Minority languages in Pangasinan are Ilocano and Bolinao
Bolinao language
The Bolinao language is spoken primarily in the Pangasinense municipality of Anda and the town of Bolinao. It has approximately 50,000 speakers , making it the second most widely spoken Sambalic language....
, which is spoken in northwestern Pangasinan.
Religion
The religion of the people of Pangasinan is predominantly ChristianChristianity in the Philippines
The Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman Catholic nations in Asia, the other being East Timor. About 93% of the population is Christian, about 5% are Muslim and about 2% are other or none.-History:...
, although few are strict believers and continue to practice their indigenous Austronesian beliefs and rituals, like most of the people of the Philippines. Spanish
Spanish people
The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
and American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
missionaries introduced Christianity to Pangasinan. Prior to the Spanish conquest in 1571, the predominant religion of the people of Pangasinan was similar to the indigenous religion of the highland Igorot
Igorot
Cordillerans are the people of the Cordillera region, in the Philippines island of Luzon. The word, Igorot is a misnomer term invented by the Spaniards in mockery against the Nortnern Luzon tribes. The word ‘Igorot’ also as coined and applied by the Spaniards means a savage, head-hunting and...
or the inhabitants of the Cordillera Administrative Region
Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region is a region in the Philippines composed of the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City, the regional center. The Cordillera Administrative Region encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera...
on the island of Luzon, who mostly retained their indigenous culture and religion. A translation of the Bible in the Pangasinan language by Fr. Nicolas Manrique Alonzo Lallave, a Spanish Dominican friar, was the first translation of the Bible in a Philippine language. Pangasinan was also influenced by Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
and Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
before the introduction of Christianity.
Pangasinan is known as a land of miracles. The main pilgrimage centers of Pangasinan are the Shrine of Our Lady of Manaoag, which is reputed to be the pilgrimage capital of northern Luzon; the Shrine of Our Lord Jesus Christ the Divine Treasure (Senor Divino Tesoro), which is known to be a patron of healing, in Calasiao; and the Saint Dominic de Guzman Parish Church in San Carlos City. The Roman Catholic
Roman Catholicism in the Philippines
The Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, in full communion with the Pope.With 73.8 million members in 2005, it is the predominant religion, making the Philippines the third largest "Catholic" nation in the world after Brazil and Mexico, as well as one...
Archbishop of Lingayen-Dagupan, Pangasinan, is Most Reverend Socrates B. Villegas
Socrates B. Villegas
Socrates Buenaventura Villegas,D.D. , born in Manila, September 28, 1960, is a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. He is the Archbishop of Lingayen-Dagupan in Pangasinan, Philippines. He was also elected Vice President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines ...
.
Media and internet
There are 20 local newspapers and a classified magazine published in Pangasinan. Seventeen of the newspapers, including the classified magazine, come out weekly.- Balon Silew (Pangasinan)
- Ilocano Observer (English and Ilocano)
- Luzon Examiner (English)
- Luzon Island Bulletin (English)
- Luzon Standard Country Mail (English)
- Media Eye Tiempo (English)
- Northern Courier (English)
- Northern Journal (English)
- Northern Times (English)
- PangalaTALK.com (English & Filipino)
- Pangasinan News (English)
- Pangasinan Post (English)
- Pangasinan Star Online (English and Pangasinan)
- Pangasinan Today (English)
- Pangasinan Sentinel (English) (Mangaldan Publication)
- People’s Digests (English)
- Sun Star - Pangasinan (English)
- Sunday Punch (English)
- The Midweek Punch (English)
- The Regional Examiner (English)
- NORTHERN WATCH (English and Filipino)
- The Weekly Forum (English)
- The Weekly Guardian (English)
Other publications that circulate in Pangasinan
include:
- Northwest Luzon Times
- Pangasinan Pinoy Journal
- Weekly Luzon Times
- News Time
- The Pangasinan Post
- Classyfied Mag
The only magazine published monthly
is the Traveler Magazine.
Pangasinan television and radio:
- Television Networks:
- ABS-CBNABS-CBNABS–CBN Corporation is a Philippine-based media conglomerate. It is the Philippines' largest media and entertainment conglomerate. The corporation was the merger of Alto Broadcasting System which at that time owned by James Lindenberg and Antonio Quirino, and the Chronicle Broadcasting Network ...
: Channel 2, Channel 32 - GMA NetworkGMA NetworkGMA Network is a major commercial television & radio network in the Philippines. GMA Network is owned by GMA Network, Inc. a publicly listed company...
: Channel 10 - Studio 23Studio 23Studio 23 is a Filipino television network owned by the ABS-CBN Corporation. The network is named for its flagship station in Metro Manila, DWAC-TV, which is carried on UHF channel 23...
: Channel 30 - GMA News TVGMA News TVGMA News TV is a news and lifestyle-oriented channel in the Philippines. It is owned and operated by GMA Network Inc. through the supervision GMA News and Public Affairs...
: Channel 11 - TV5Associated Broadcasting CompanyThe Associated Broadcasting Company, Inc is a television network in the Philippines, with main broadcast facilities and transmitter located at 762 Quirino Highway, San Bartolome, Novaliches, Quezon City. The network was previously known as the , Associated Broadcasting Company remains the legal...
: Channel 28 - ETCETCThe abbreviation etc or ETC may stand for:* et cetera, a Latin expression meaning "and other things" or "and so on"In economics and finance:* Early Termination Chargers, a type of penalty chargers if break the contract...
: Channel 12
- ABS-CBN
- FM Radio Stations:
- DWQT - 89dot3 Home Radio Dagupan
- DWYS - 104.1 YES FM! Urdaneta City
- DWAI - 92.1 I FM Urdaneta City
- DWKT - 90.3 Energy FM
- DWTL - 93.5 Campus Radio
- DWEC - 94.3 MOR For Life!
- DWID - 98.3 Love Radio
- DWTJ - 99.3 Spirit FM (from Alaminos CityAlaminos CityAlaminos City is a 4th class city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 79,788 people in 15,527 households...
) - DWHY - 100.7 Star FM
- DWON - 104.7 i FM
- DWHR - 106.3 Hot FM
- DWHT - 107.9 RMN Dagupan (CLOSED)
- AM Radio Stations:
- DWCM - 1161 Aksyon Radyo
- DZWN - 1125 Bombo Radyo, Dagupan CityDagupan CityThe City of Dagupan is a 1st class city in the Philippines. It is an independent component city of the province of Pangasinan. According to the latest census, Dagupan City has a population of 149,554 people in 25,921 households. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the...
(Pangasinan language) - DWPR - 1296 Power Radio (RADYO ASENSO)
- DZRD - 981 DZRD 981 Sonshine Radio
- DZSD - 1548 Super Radyo (Relay Station only)
- DWIN - 1125 Eagle Radio (Relay Station only)
Sports and entertainment
- Urdaneta City Sports and Cultural Complex
- Urdaneta Coliseum
- Dagupan City People's Astrodome
- Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center
- Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Sports Complex
- CSI STADIA (Jimmy Fernandez Complex)
- Orient Pacific Center, Perez Blvd. Dagupan City
- East Gate Plaza, A.B Fernandez East, Dagupan City
Robert B. Estrella, Sr. Memorial Stadium, Rosales
Religious
- Nuestra Señora de Manaoag
- The Shrine of Our Lady of ManaoagOur Lady of ManaoagOur Lady of the Rosary of Manaoag is a 17th century Roman Catholic ivory icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the central figure at the altar of her shrine located in Manaoag, Pangasinan...
is famous throughout the country for its supposed miraculous powers. CatholicCatholicismCatholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its theologies and doctrines, its liturgical, ethical, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
devotees frequent the shrine, especially on the feast days on the first of October and the 18th day after Easter Sunday.- Salasa Church in Bugallon
- Sanctuario de Senor Divino Tesoro in Calasiao
- St. John Cathedral Garden Dagupan City
- Sts. Peter and Paul Parish, Calasiao, Pangasinan
- St. James The Great Parish, Bolinao
Natural attractions
- Antong Falls in Sison
- Beach Walk in Lingayen
- Bolinao Caves(Wonderful Cave, Cindy's Cave, Enchanted Cave)
- Bonuan Blue Beach in Dagupan
- Cape Bolinao Lighthouse in Bolinao
- Cacupangan Cave in Mabini
- Hundred Islands Marine Sanctuary in Alaminos
- Hundred Islands National ParkHundred Islands National ParkThe Hundred Islands National Park is in the province of Pangasinan in northern Philippines. It is located in Alaminos City, Pangasinan. The islands are scattered along Lingayen Gulf and cover an area of 18.44 square kilometres . They are believed to be about two million years old...
in Alaminos - Mount Balungao in Balungao
- Manleluag Spring National Park in Mangatarem
- Pantal River Boat ride, Dagupan City
- Rock Garden Resort
- San Juan River in San Carlos City
- Suasalito Viewdeck in Sual, Pangasinan
- Tambobong White Beach in Dasol
- Tondol Beach in Anda
- Umbrella Rocks of Agno
- White Beach in San Fabian
Educational
- Bolinao Museum in Bolinao
- Lingayen Gulf War Museum in Lingayen
- Oceanographic Marine Laboratory in Alaminos
Festivities
- Mango-Bamboo festival, San Carlos City
- Mapandan Festival
- Bangus Festival in Dagupan City
- Patupat Festival in Pozorrubio
- Pistay Dayat(Feast of the Sea) all over Pangasinan
- Mangunguna Festival, Bolinao
- Sigay Festival, Binmaley
- Puto Festival, Calasiao
Structures
- Provincial Capitol, Lingayen, Pangasinan
- Red Arrow Marker of the WWII 32nd US Infantry Division in San Nicolas
- Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center in Lingayen
- Plaza Pergola in Pozorrubio, Pangasinan
- San Carlos City Plaza
- Urduja House in Lingayen
Others
- Robinson's Place Pangasinan, Calasiao, Pangasinan
- SM City RosalesSM City RosalesSM City Rosales is a shopping mall owned by SM Prime Holdings located along MacArthur Highway in barangay Carmen East, Rosales, Pangasinan. It is the first SM Supermall in the province of Pangasinan...
, Rosales, Pangasinan - CB Mall, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
- 168 Mall, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
- CSICity Supermarket, Inc.City Supermarket, Inc. or CSI is a retailer under the CSI Group of Companies based in Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is the largest retailer in Northern Luzon.It is operated by Belen Fernandez, an elected public official of Dagupan...
City Mall, Dagupan City,Pangasinan - CSICity Supermarket, Inc.City Supermarket, Inc. or CSI is a retailer under the CSI Group of Companies based in Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is the largest retailer in Northern Luzon.It is operated by Belen Fernandez, an elected public official of Dagupan...
Market Square, Dagupan City,Pangasinan - CSICity Supermarket, Inc.City Supermarket, Inc. or CSI is a retailer under the CSI Group of Companies based in Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is the largest retailer in Northern Luzon.It is operated by Belen Fernandez, an elected public official of Dagupan...
Main, Dagupan City,Pangasinan - CSI Warehouse ClubCity Supermarket, Inc.City Supermarket, Inc. or CSI is a retailer under the CSI Group of Companies based in Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is the largest retailer in Northern Luzon.It is operated by Belen Fernandez, an elected public official of Dagupan...
, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan - Nepo Mall , Dagupan City,Pangasinan
- BHF Family Plaza , Dagupan City,Pangasinan
- Magicenterpoint,Dagupan City,Pangasinan
- SM City Dagupan,soon,Dagupan City,Pangasinan
- Magiclub,Dagupan City,Pangasinan
- Magic Mall, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
- Magic Pozorrubio, Cablong, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan
- Tangay Tangay Restaurant, Cablong, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan
See also
- Pangasinan languagePangasinan languageThe Pangasinan language or Pangasinense is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines....
- Pangasinan literaturePangasinan literatureThe Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is spoken primarily in the province of Pangasinan in the Philippines, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf.-History:The earliest...
- PhilippinesPhilippinesThe Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
- Salt evaporation pondSalt evaporation pondSalt evaporation ponds, also called salterns or salt pans, are shallow artificial ponds designed to produce salts from sea water or other brines. The seawater or brine is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested...
- BagoongBagoongBagoong is a Philippine condiment made of partially or completely fermented fish or shrimps and salt. The fermentation process also results in fish sauce .The preparation of bagoong can vary regionally in the Philippines....
- MilkfishMilkfishThe milkfish is the sole living species in the family Chanidae. - Description and biology :...
, Bangus - Fidel V. RamosFidel V. RamosFidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos , popularly known as FVR, was the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.Prior to his election as...
- Gloria Macapagal-ArroyoGloria Macapagal-ArroyoGloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
- Jose de Venecia, Jr.Jose de Venecia, Jr.Jose Claveria de Venecia, Jr. also known as JDV or Joe De V is a former Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, serving from 1992 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2008. As Speaker, he was the fourth highest ranking official of the Philippines. He was the former president of the...
- Emilio S. LiwanagEmilio S. LiwanagCaptain Emilio S. Liwanag was an officer in the Philippine Navy during the Second World War and the Korean War....
- UrdujaUrdujaUrduja is a legendary warrior princess who is recognized as a heroine in Pangasinan, Philippines. The name Urduja appears to be Sanskrit in origin, and a variation of the name "Udaya", meaning "arise" or "rising sun", or the name "Urja", meaning "breath"...