All Topics  
Pan-Asianism

 

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Pan-Asianism
 
 
  Topics Pan-Asianism Topic Home

Pan-Asianism is an ideology
Ideology

An ideology is a set of aims and ideas, especially in politics. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things , as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies , or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society....
 or a movement that Asian
Asian

Asian or Asiatic may refer to:* Something or someone from Asia.* In context with the Ancient Egyptians, Asiatic is used to mean - beyond the borders of Egypt and the continent of Africa to the east, but only of western Asia ...
 nations unite and solidify to be free and independent
Independence

Independence is the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population, or some portion thereof, generally exercising sovereignty....
 from European colonialism. Sun Yat Sen's is an example of Pan-Asianism.

By Asianism, Asia should unite against European imperialism.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Pan-Asianism'
Start a new discussion about 'Pan-Asianism'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Pan-Asianism is an ideology
Ideology

An ideology is a set of aims and ideas, especially in politics. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things , as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies , or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society....
 or a movement that Asian
Asian

Asian or Asiatic may refer to:* Something or someone from Asia.* In context with the Ancient Egyptians, Asiatic is used to mean - beyond the borders of Egypt and the continent of Africa to the east, but only of western Asia ...
 nations unite and solidify to be free and independent
Independence

Independence is the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population, or some portion thereof, generally exercising sovereignty....
 from European colonialism. Sun Yat Sen's is an example of Pan-Asianism.

By Asianism, Asia should unite against European imperialism. Until August 1945, Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 have standed on this propaganda
Propaganda

Propaganda is the dissemination of information aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. As opposed to Objectivity providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience....
. Japanese authorities have intended to take a central part in Asian struggle against European imperialism since the first Sino-Japanese war
First Sino-Japanese War

The First Sino-Japanese War was a war fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji period Imperial Japan over the control of Korea. The Sino-Japanese War would come to symbolize the degeneration and enfeeblement of the Qing Dynasty and demonstrate how successful modernization had been in Japan since the Meiji Restoration as compared with the...
. For Japan, Asianism was an ideology to justify Japanese external invasions. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was a concept created and promulgated during the Showa era by the government and military of the Empire of Japan which represented the desire to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers"....
 is an example of Asianism.

Origins


Pan-Asianism in Japan

Pan-Asian thought in Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 began to develop in the late nineteenth century and was spurred on particularly following the defeat of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 in the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War or the Manchurian Campaign in some English sources, was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialism ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea....
 (1904 - 1905). This created interest from Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore

, also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali people mystic, Brahmo poet, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and Music of Bengal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries....
, Sun Yat-Sen
Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen , also known as Sun Yixian, Sun Wen, Sun Itchisen/Sun Itchiyama and Sun Zhongshan , was a China revolutionary and Politician leader often referred to as the Father of the Nation....
 and Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo was an demographics of India nationalist, scholar, poet, mysticism, Evolution , yoga and spiritual Guru. After a short political career in which he became one of the leaders of the early movement for Indian independence movement from British rule, Sri Aurobindo turned to the exploration of the subtle realms of human existence...
.

The Japanese Pan-Asianist Okakura Kakuzo
Okakura Kakuzo

Okakura Kakuzo was a Japanese people scholar who contributed to the development of arts in Japan. Outside Japan, he is chiefly remembered today as the author of The Book of Tea....
 coined the phrase "Asia is One" in his book , (1904):

ASIA is one. The Himalayas
Himalayas

The Himalaya Range or Himalayas for short , meaning "abode of snow" ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau....
 divide, only to accentuate, two mighty civilisations, the Chinese
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 with its communism
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 of Confucius
Confucius

This articles talks about a Chinese thinker and social philosopher. For a food company in China with its brand name "Master Kong", please refer to Tingyi Holding Corporation....
, and the Indian with its individualism
Individualism

Individualism is the Morality stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that stresses independence and self-reliance. Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires, while opposing most external interference upon one's choices, whether by society, or any other group or institution....
 of the Vedas
Vedas

The Vedas are a large body of texts originating in History of India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest Hindu scripture of Hinduism....
. But not even the snowy barriers can interrupt for one moment that broad expanse of love for the Ultimate
Absolute (philosophy)

The Absolute is the concept of an unconditional reality which transcendence limited, conditional, everyday existence. It is often used as an alternate term for "God" or "the Divinity", especially, but by no means exclusively, by those who feel that the term "God" lends itself too easily to anthropomorphic presumptions....
 and Universal
Universal (metaphysics)

In metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities. In other words, universals are repeatable or recurrent entities that can be instantiated or exemplified by many particular things....
, which is the common thought-inheritance of every Asiatic race, enabling them to produce all the great religion
Religion

A religion is an organized approach to human spirituality which usually encompasses a set of myth, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural or transcendence quality, that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power or truth....
s of the world, and distinguishing them from those maritime
SEA

See also: Sea and seasThe three-letter acronym SEA may refer to:People/organizations/businesses*Scientists and Engineers for America, a pro-science political advocacy group....
 peoples of the Mediterranean and the Baltic
Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53?N to 66?N latitude and from 20?E to 26?E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Denmark islands....
, who love to dwell on the Particular
Particular

In philosophy, particulars are concrete entitles existing in space and time as opposed to abstractions. There are, however, theories of abstract particulars or Trope ....
, and to search out the means, not the end, of life.


In this Okakura was utilising the Japanese concept of sangoku, which existed in Japanese culture before the concept of Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
 became popularised. Sangoku literally means the "three countries": Honshu
Honshu

or Honshu is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait....
 (the largest island of Japan), Kara
Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire....
 (China) and Tenjiku
Tenjiku

is the obsolete Japanese language word for ancient India. It is used in such works as the Japanese translation of Journey to the West.Also see...
 (India).

Other

The growing official interest in broader Asian concerns was shown in the establishment of facilities for Indian Studies. In 1899 Tokyo Imperial University set up a chair in Sanskrit
Sanskrit

Sanskrit is a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India....
 and Pali
Páli

P?li is a village in Gyor-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary.External links...
, with a further chair in Comparative religion
Comparative religion

Comparative religion is a field of religious study that analyzes the similarities and differences of themes, myths, rituals and concepts among the Religions of the world....
 being set up in 1903. In this environment, a number of Indian students came to Japan in the early twentieth century, founding the Oriental Youngmen's Association
Oriental Youngmen's Association

The Oriental Youngmen's Association was founded in Japan 1900 to facilitate the cultivation of friendship between Japanese and Indian and other Asian students studying in Japan....
 in 1900. Their anti-British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 political activity caused consternation to the Indian Government, following a report in the London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 Spectator.

Sun Yat-Sen
Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen , also known as Sun Yixian, Sun Wen, Sun Itchisen/Sun Itchiyama and Sun Zhongshan , was a China revolutionary and Politician leader often referred to as the Father of the Nation....
 in 1924 and Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew

Lee Kuan Yew, Order of St Michael and St George, Order of the Companions of Honour was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990....
 in the 1990s both argue that the political models and ideologies of Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 lack values and concepts found in Asian societies and philosophies. Some proponents argue that these values are better for all human societies. Some would argue that they are better or more suited for Asian societies. European values such as individual rights and freedoms would not be suited for Asian societies in this extreme formulation of Pan-Asianism.

In the 1930s and 1940s this ideology was used by the Japanese government as part of a propaganda
Propaganda

Propaganda is the dissemination of information aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. As opposed to Objectivity providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience....
 campaign against European (and U.S.) imperialism
Imperialism

Imperialism has two meanings; one describing an action and the other describing an attitude.#Action: Imperialism is the practice of extending the power, control or rule by one country over areas outside its borders....
 in support of its rival imperialist Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was a concept created and promulgated during the Showa era by the government and military of the Empire of Japan which represented the desire to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers"....
.

During the Cold War
Cold War

The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between a number of world powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, France, United Kingdom and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s....
 Pan-Asianism took a back seat. Several countries like India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, Cambodia
Cambodia

The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in South East Asia with a population of over 13 million people. The kingdom's capital and largest city is Phnom Penh....
 and Indonesia
Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
 advocated for greater ties with the rest of the developing world within and beyond Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, while others were economically and politically more orientated towards either one of the superpowers. However ASEAN emerged in 1967, providing a framework for cooperation in South-East Asia.

The idea of Asian values
Asian values

Asian values was a concept that came into vogue briefly in the 1990s to justify authoritarian regimes in Asia, predicated on the belief in the existence within Asian countries of a unique set of institutions and political ideologies which reflected the region's culture and history....
 is somewhat of a resurgence of Pan-Asianism. One foremost enthusiast of the idea of Asian values
Asian values

Asian values was a concept that came into vogue briefly in the 1990s to justify authoritarian regimes in Asia, predicated on the belief in the existence within Asian countries of a unique set of institutions and political ideologies which reflected the region's culture and history....
 is the former prime minister of Singapore
Singapore

Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country microstate located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands....
, Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew

Lee Kuan Yew, Order of St Michael and St George, Order of the Companions of Honour was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990....
. In India, Rammanohar Lohia dreamt of a united socialist Asia.

Articles that mention Pan-Asianism include:


Pan-Asian activists and theorists


China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....

  • Dai Jitao,KMT thinker who headed journal Hsin Ya-hsi-ya(New Asia),(1930) and visited Shantiniketan, India.
  • Li Tachao, drafted article 'Greater Pan-Asianism and the New Pan-Asianism', (1919)
  • Liang Ch'i Chao, the editor of Qingyi bao (1898-1901) and Xinmin Congbao(1902-1907)
  • Sun Yat-Sen
    Sun Yat-sen

    Sun Yat-sen , also known as Sun Yixian, Sun Wen, Sun Itchisen/Sun Itchiyama and Sun Zhongshan , was a China revolutionary and Politician leader often referred to as the Father of the Nation....
     (1866-1925), the Chinese Nationalist Leader
  • Wang Jingwei
    Wang Jingwei

    Wang Jingwei , alternate name Wang Zhaoming , was a Chinese politician. He was initially known as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang , but he was staunchly anti-Communist, and his politics veered sharply to the right later in his career....
  • Zhang Binglin
    Zhang Binglin

    Zhang Binglin was a China philologist, textual critic and anti-Manchuism revolutionary.His philological works include Wen Shi , the first systematic work of Chinese etymology....
    , the editor of Min bao (1907-)


India
History of India

The known history of India begins with the Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent, from c....

  • Benoy Sarkar, author of 'The Futurism of Young Asia and Other Essays on the Relationship between the East and the West' (1922) and 'Chinese Religion through Hindu Eyes: A Study in the tendencies of Asiatic mentality' (1916)
  • J.S.Ramachandra Rao, author of book 'East and West', (1905)
  • K.M.Pannikar, first Indian Ambassdor to China, author of 'Asia and Western Dominance'.
  • Keshab Chandra Sen (1838-1884), leader of the Brahmo Samaj
  • Maulana Mohammad Ali
    Maulana Mohammad Ali

    Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar , was an India n Muslim journalist and poet, and was among the leading figures of the Khilafat Movement....
    , President of Indian National Congress(1923-1924) and proponent of Pan-Asiatic Federation.
  • Niraj Kamal (1973- ), Poet, philosopher, social activist, author of first ever book on theory, history, practice and future of pan-Asianism,' Arise Asia: Respond to White Peril'(2002).
  • Rabindranath Tagore
    Rabindranath Tagore

    , also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali people mystic, Brahmo poet, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and Music of Bengal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries....
     (1861-1941), Bengali
    Bengali people

    The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal in South Asia with a history dating back four millennia. They speak Bengali language , a language of the eastern Indo-Aryan languages branch of the Indo-European languages....
     poet, philosopher, artist, playwright, novelist, composer, and Nobel laureate
    List of Nobel laureates

    The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiolo...
  • Sri Aurobindo Ghosh, mystic, great revolutionary and editor of 'Bande Mataram'.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose


Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....

  • Ishibashi Tanzan
  • Ishiwara Kanji
  • Iwane Matsui
    Iwane Matsui

    was a general in the Japanese Imperial Army and the commander of the expeditionary forces sent to China in World War II. He was sentenced to death by hanging by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East for being responsible for the Nanking Massacre....
  • Kishi Nobusuke
  • Kita Ikki
    Kita Ikki

    was a Japanese author, intellectual and political philosopher who was active in early Showa period Japan....
  • Konoe Atsumaro
    Konoe Atsumaro

    Prince was a Japanese nobleman who served as the 3rd President of the House of Peers and 7th President of the Gakushuin Peer's School in Meiji period Japan....
  • Kusama Tokifuku (1853-1992)
  • Mori Agai
  • Nakae Chomin
    Nakae Chomin

    was the pen-name of a journalist, political theorist and statesman in Meiji period Japan. His real name was . His major contribution was the popularization of the egalitarianism doctrines of the French philosophy Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Japan....
     (1847-1901)
  • Odera Kenkichi, author of 1200-page text Dai Asia Shugi-ron(Theory of Pan-Asianism)(1916).
  • Ogura Kazuo
  • Oi Kentaro (1843-1922)
  • Okakura Kakuzo
    Okakura Kakuzo

    Okakura Kakuzo was a Japanese people scholar who contributed to the development of arts in Japan. Outside Japan, he is chiefly remembered today as the author of The Book of Tea....
  • Okawa Shumei
    Okawa Shumei

    was a Japanese nationalist, Pan-Asianism writer and Islamic scholar....
  • Royama Masamachi
  • Shintaro Ishihara
    Shintaro Ishihara

    is a Japanese author, politician and the governor of Tokyo since 1999....
  • Sugita Teiichi (1851-1920)
  • Takayama Chogyu
    Takayama Chogyu

    , real name Takayama Rinjiro, was a Japanese author and literary critic. He profoundly influenced Japanese literature in the late Meiji period with his blend of romantic individualism, concepts of self-realization, aesthetics, and nationalism....
     (1871-1902)
  • Tanaka Kakuei
  • Tarui Tokichi (1850-1922)
  • Yoichi Funabashi


Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....

  • An Jung-geun
    An Jung-geun

    Ahn Jung-geun or An Jung-geun was a Korean independence movement, Korean nationalism, assassin and pan-Asianism.He assassinated the first Prime Minister of Japan, Ito Hirobumi, following the signing of the Eulsa Treaty, with Korea on the verge of annexation by Japan....


Bibliography

Saaler, Sven and J. Victor Koschmann
J. Victor Koschmann

Julian Victor Koschmann is the chairman of the Cornell University Department of History at Cornell University. His primary field of expertise is the history of Japan....
, eds., Pan-Asianism in Modern Japanese History
History of Japan

The written history of Japan begins with brief references of Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts, in the 1st century AD....
: Colonialism
Colonialism

Colonialism is the extension of a nation's sovereignty over Territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settler or exploitation colony in which Indigenous people populations are direct rule, Population transfers, or Genocide....
, Regionalism
Regionalism

In politics, regionalism is a political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular region or group of regions, whether traditional or formal ....
 and Borders. London and New York: Routledge, 2007.

Further reading

  • Kamal, Niraj (2002) Arise Asia
    Asia

    Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
    : Respond to White Peril.     New Delhi: Wordsmith ISBN 8187412089.
  • Starrs, Roy
    Roy Starrs

    Roy Starrs is a scholar of Japanese literature and culture who teaches at the University of Otago in New Zealand. He has written critical studies of the major Japanese writers Yasunari Kawabata, Naoya Shiga, Osamu Dazai, and Yukio Mishima, and edited books on Asian nationalism , globalization, and pan-Asianism....
     (2001) Asian Nationalism
    Nationalism

    Nationalism refers to an ideology, a feeling, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. While there is significant debate over the historical origins of nations, nearly all Expert accept that nationalism, at least as an ideology and social movement, is a Modernity phenomenon originating in Europe....
     in an Age of Globalization
    Globalization

    Globalization in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. It can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together....
    .     London: RoutledgeCurzon ISBN 1903350034.
  • Starrs, Roy (2002) Nations under Siege: Globalization and Nationalism in Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 0312294107.


See also

  • East Asia Summit
    East Asia Summit

    File:East Asian Community.PNGThe East Asia Summit is a forum held annually by leaders of 16 countries in the East Asian region. EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders? meetings....
    , which has been proposed as a possible vehicle for an East Asian Community
    East Asian Community

    File:East Asian Community.PNGEast Asian Community is a proposed trade bloc for the East Asia countries that may arise out of either ASEAN Plus Three or the East Asia Summit ....
     and East Asian Free Trade Agreement involving 16 "Asian" nations (including China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
    , India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
    , South Korea
    South Korea

    South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
     and Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
    , the ASEAN countries and also Australia
    Australia

    Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
     and New Zealand
    New Zealand

    New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
    )


External links