Pamphylia

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Pamphylia

In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia

Lycia

Lycia was a region in Anatolia in what are now the Provinces of Turkey of Antalya Province and Mugla Province on the southern coast of Turkey. It was a federation of ancient cities in the region and later a Roman province of the Roman Empire....
and Cilicia

Cilicia

In antiquity, Cilicia now known as ?ukurova, was a commonly used name of the south coastal region of the Anatolian peninsula, and a political entity in Roman times....
, extending from the Mediterranean

Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
to Mount Taurus (modern day Antalya province

Antalya Province

Antalya Province is located on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean sea.Antalya Province is the centre of Turkey's tourism industry, attracting 30% of foreign tourists visiting Turkey....
, Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
).

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Ancient Region of Anatolia Pamphylia (?aµf???a)

Location	Southern Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
State existed:	-
Nation	Pamphylians
Historical capitals	Perga Perga Perga,now commonly spelled "Perge" and pronounced "per-geh", was the capital of the then Pamphylia region, which is in modern day Antalya province on the southwestern Mediterranean coast of Turkey....
Roman province	Pamphylia Pamphylia In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean Sea to Mount Taurus ....

In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia

Lycia

Cilicia

Mediterranean Sea

Antalya Province

Turkey

Pisidia

Pisidia was a region of ancient Asia Minor located north of Lycia, and bordering Caria, Lydia, Phrygia and Pamphylia. It corresponds roughly to the modern-day province of Antalya in Turkey)....
and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 75 miles with a breadth of about 30 miles. Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia

Phrygia

In antiquity, Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. The Phrygians initially lived in the Southern Balkans; according to Herodotus, under the name of Bryges, changing it to Phruges after their final migration to Anatolia, via the Hellespont....
and Lycaonia

Lycaonia

In ancient geography, Lycaonia was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor, north of Mount Taurus. It was bounded on the east by Cappadocia, on the north by Galatia, on the west by Phrygia and Pisidia, while to the south it extended to the chain of Mount Taurus, where it bordered on the country popularly called in earlier times Cilicia...
, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy

Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemaeus , known in English as Ptolemy , was a Roman Greek mathematics, Greek astronomy, geographer and astrologer. He lived in History of Roman Egypt, and was probably born there in a town in the Thebaid called Ptolemais Hermiou; he died in Alexandria around 168 AD....
.

Name

The name /Pamphylia/ means literally 'all tribes' (/pan/ 'all' + /phyle/ 'tribe'), scil. 'of Dorians', who colonized it. There is a legendary character (Pamphylos, son of Aigimios) who personified this.

Origins of the Pamphylians

There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people, though the former had received colonies from Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
and other lands, and from this cause, combined with the greater fertility of their territory, had become more civilized than their neighbours in the interior. But the distinction between the two seems to have been established at an early period. Herodotus

Herodotus

Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greeks historian who lived in the 5th century BC and is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture....
, who does not mention the Pisidians, enumerates the Pamphylians among the nations of Asia Minor, while Ephorus

Ephorus

Ephorus or Ephoros , of Kyme in Aeolis, in Asia Minor, was an Ancient Greece historian. Information on his biography is limited; he was the father of Demophilus, who followed in his footsteps as a historian, and to Plutarch's claim that Ephorus declined Alexander the great's offer to join him on his Alexander the great#Period_of_conque...
mentions them both, correctly including the one among the nations on the coast, the other among those of the interior. The early Pamphylians, like the Lycians, had an alphabet of their own, partly Greek, partly "Asianic," which a few inscriptions on marble and coins preserve. The legend related by Herodotus and Strabo, which ascribed the origin of the Pamphylians to a colony led into their country by Amphilochus

Amphilochus

Amphilochus or Amph?lokhos may refer to:* In Greek mythology:** Amphilochus ** Amphilochus ** Husband of Alcinoe* Amphilochus, a genus in family Gammaridae...
and Calchas

Calchas

In Greek mythology, Calchas , son of Thestor, was a Argive seer, with a gift for interpreting the flight of birds that he received of Apollo: "as an augur, Calchas had no rival in the camp"....
after the Trojan War

Trojan War

In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta....
, is merely a characteristic myth. Probably the Pamphylians were of Asiatic origin and mixed ethnicity.

History

The region of Pamphylia first enters history in Hittite

Hittites

The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a Hittite language of the Anatolian languages of the Indo-European languages family, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia ca....
documents. In a treaty between the Hittite Great King Tudhaliya IV

Tudhaliya IV

Tudhaliya IV was a king of the Hittite empire , and the younger son of Hattusili III. He reigned ca. 1237 BCE–1209 BCE.Tudhaliya was likely born in his father's court in Hattusa, after his brother and crown prince Nerikkaili but still while their father was governing on his brother Muwatalli II's behalf....
and his vassal, the king of Tarhuntassa

Tarhuntassa

Tarhuntassa is an as-yet undiscovered Bronze Age city south of Hattusa. Speculations of its site include Konya, Rough Cilicia, the Gok Su valley, and the vicinity of Kayseri....
, we read of the city "Parha" (Perge), and the "Kastaraya River" (Classical Kestros River, Turkish Aksu Çayi).

The first historical mention of "Pamphylians" is among the group of nations subdued by the Mermnad kings of Lydia

Lydia

Lydia was an Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern Turkey provinces of Manisa Province and inland Izmir Province....
; they afterwards passed in succession under the dominion of the Persian and Hellenistic monarchs. After the defeat of Antiochus III

Antiochus III the Great

Antiochus III the Great, , younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC....
in 190 BC they were included among the provinces annexed by the Romans to the dominions of Eumenes of Pergamum; but somewhat later they joined with the Pisidians and Cilicians in piratical ravages, and Side became the chief centre and slave mart of these freebooters. Pamphylia was for a short time included in the dominions of Amyntas

Amyntas

Amyntas Nikator was an Indo-Greek king. His coins have been found both in eastern Punjab and Afghanistan, indicating that he ruled a considerable territory....
, king of Galatia

Galatia

Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. Galatia, an ancient region of Asia Minor, was named for the immigrant Gauls from Thrace , who settled here and became its ruling caste in the 3rd century BC....
, but after his death lapsed into a district of a Roman province. The Pamphilians became largely hellenized in Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
times, and have left magnificent memorials of their civilization at Perga, Aspendos and Side.

As of 1911 the district was largely peopled with recent settlers from Greece, Crete and the Balkans, a situation which changed considerably as a result of the disruptions attendant on the fall of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
and the war between Greece and Turkey

Turkey

List of Pamphylians

Diodorus of Aspendos Pythagorean philosopher (4th c.BC)
Apollonius of Perga
Apollonius of Perga

Apollonius of Perga [Pergaeus] was a Greeks geometer and astronomer noted for his writings on conic sections. His innovative methodology and terminology, especially in the field of conics, influenced many later scholars including Ptolemy, Francesco Maurolico, Isaac Newton, and Ren? Descartes....
astronomer, mathematician (ca. 262 BC–ca. 190 BC)
Artemidorus of Perga proxenos
Proxenos

In Classical Greece a Proxenos was a citizen of a particular city state who felt friendship towards another city, and voluntarily took up some of the roles fulfilled in modern states by Consul s - i.e....
in Oropos
Oropos

Oropos or Oropus is a Greece seaport town and Communities and Municipalities of Greece, on the Southern Euboean Gulf, in Attica, opposite Eretria....
(ca. 240-180 BC)
Aetos (son of Apollonius) from Aspendos ,Ptolemaic commander,founder of Arsinoe (Cilicia)
Arsinoe (Cilicia)

Arsinoe was an ancient city on the coast of Cilicia between Anemurium and Celenderus; the site is near the modern city of Bozyazi, Mersin Province, Turkey....
(~238 BC)
Mnaseas (son of Artemon) from Side
Side

Side is one of the best-known classical sites in Turkey, and was an ancient harbour whose name meant pomegranate. Side is a resort town on the southern coast of Turkey, near the villages of Manavgat and Selimiye , 75 km from Antalya) in the Antalya Province....
(sculptor) end 3rd BC
Orestas (son of Erymneus) from Aspendos proxenos
Proxenos

In Classical Greece a Proxenos was a citizen of a particular city state who felt friendship towards another city, and voluntarily took up some of the roles fulfilled in modern states by Consul s - i.e....
in Dreros
Dreros

Dreros near Neapolis in the district of Lassithi, Crete, is a Minoan civilization archaeological site, 16 km. northwest of Aghios Nikolaos. Known only by a chance remark of the ninth-century Byzantine grammarian Theognostus , archaeology of the site shows Dreros to have been initially colonised by mainland Greeks in the Archaic period in Gre...
(Crete) (end 3rd-beg. 2nd BC)
Thymilus of Aspendos
Aspendos

Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya province of Turkey. It is located northeast of central Serik....
, stadion race Olympics 176 BC
Apollonios (son of Koiranos) proxenos
Proxenos

In Classical Greece a Proxenos was a citizen of a particular city state who felt friendship towards another city, and voluntarily took up some of the roles fulfilled in modern states by Consul s - i.e....
in Lappa
Argyroupoli (Rethymno)

Argyroupoli is a village in the municipality of Lappa, Rethymno, Rethymno Prefecture, Crete, Greece, population 402 , altitude 260m. It was previously known as Lappa or Lampa, Stimboli, and Polis....
(Crete)(1st half 2nd BC)
Asclepiades (son of Myron) from Perga physician honoured by the demos of Seleucia (Pamphylia)
Seleucia (Pamphylia)

Seleucia – also transliterated as Seleukeia or Seleukheia – was an ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Pamphylia, in Anatolia, approximately 15 km northeast of Side; the site is currently that of the village of Bucakseyhler , approximately 12 km northeast of Manavgat, Antalya Province, Turkey....
Menodora (daughter of Megacles) from Sillyon
Sillyon

Sillyon was a city on the Pamphylia in Anatolia, Turkey. It may have been founded by migrants following the Trojan War. A recently uncovered statue base bearing the name Mopsos suggests common origins with the cities of Perge and Aspendos....
magistrate and benefactor (ca.2th c. AD)
Apollonius of Aspendos poet (2nd/early 3rd c. AD)
Saint Matrona of Perge (late 5th, early 6th c.AD)

Archaeological sites

Eurymedon Bridge
Eurymedon Bridge

The Eurymedon Bridge was a Roman bridge over the river Eurymedon River , near Aspendos in Pamphylia in southern Anatolia. The foundations and several remnants of the Ancient Rome structure were used by the Sultanate of R?m to build a new bridge in the 13th century, the K?pr?pazar K?pr?s?, which stands to this day....
, a Roman bridge
Roman bridge

Roman bridges, built by Ancient Rome, were the first large and lasting bridges built.Roman bridges were built with stone and had the arch as its basic structure....
which was reconstructed by the Seljuks and follows a zigzag course over the river

Pamphylia

Name

Origins of the Pamphylians

History

List of Pamphylians

Archaeological sites

See also

External links