Pall Mall Gazette
Encyclopedia
The Pall Mall Gazette was an evening newspaper founded in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 on 7 February 1865 by George Murray Smith
George Murray Smith
George Murray Smith was the son of George Smith who with Alexander Elder started the Victorian publishing firm of Smith, Elder & Co.. His brainchild, The Cornhill Magazine, was the premier fiction-carrying magazine of the 19th century.The firm was extremely successful. G. M...

; its first editor was Frederick Greenwood
Frederick Greenwood
Frederick Greenwood , was an English journalist, editor, and man of letters.-Early years:He was one of three brothers — the others being James and Charles — who all gained reputation as journalists. Frederick started life in a printing house, but at an early age began to write in periodicals...

. In 1921 The Globe
The Globe (London newspaper)
The Globe was a British London newspaper founded in 1803 and merged with the Pall Mall Gazette in 1921....

merged into the Pall Mall Gazette, which itself was absorbed into the Evening Standard
Evening Standard
The Evening Standard, now styled the London Evening Standard, is a free local daily newspaper, published Monday–Friday in tabloid format in London. It is the dominant regional evening paper for London and the surrounding area, with coverage of national and international news and City of London...

in 1923.

History

The Pall Mall Gazette took the name of a fictional newspaper conceived by William Makepeace Thackeray
William Makepeace Thackeray
William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society.-Biography:...

. Pall Mall
Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall is a street in the City of Westminster, London, and parallel to The Mall, from St. James's Street across Waterloo Place to the Haymarket; while Pall Mall East continues into Trafalgar Square. The street is a major thoroughfare in the St James's area of London, and a section of the...

 is a street in London where many gentlemen's club
Gentlemen's club
A gentlemen's club is a members-only private club of a type originally set up by and for British upper class men in the eighteenth century, and popularised by English upper-middle class men and women in the late nineteenth century. Today, some are more open about the gender and social status of...

s are located, hence Thackeray's description of his imaginary newspaper in his novel The History of Pendennis (1848–1850):

"We address ourselves to the higher circles of society: we care not to disown it—the Pall Mall Gazette is written by gentlemen for gentlemen; its conductors speak to the classes in which they live and were born. The field-preacher has his journal, the radical free-thinker has his journal: why should the Gentlemen of England be unrepresented in the Press?


Under the ownership of George Smith from 1865 to 1880, with Frederick Greenwood as editor, the Pall Mall Gazette was a Conservative
Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...

 newspaper. Greenwood resigned in 1880 when the paper's new owner wished the paper to support the policies of the Liberal Party
Liberal Party (UK)
The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day...

.

William Thomas Stead
William Thomas Stead
William Thomas Stead was an English journalist and editor who, as one of the early pioneers of investigative journalism, became one of the most controversial figures of the Victorian era. His 'New Journalism' paved the way for today's tabloid press...

's editorship from 1883 to 1889 saw the paper cover such subjects as child prostitution; their campaign helped get the government to increase the age of consent from 12 to 16 in 1885.

Henry Cust
Henry Cust
Henry John "Harry" Cockayne-Cust was an English politician and editor who served as a Member of Parliament for the Unionist Party.-Biography:...

, editor from 1892 to 1896, returned the paper to its Conservative beginnings.

Several well-known writers contributed to the Pall Mall Gazette over the years. George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright and a co-founder of the London School of Economics. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism, his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60...

 gained his first job in journalism writing for the paper. Other contributors have included Anthony Trollope
Anthony Trollope
Anthony Trollope was one of the most successful, prolific and respected English novelists of the Victorian era. Some of his best-loved works, collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire, revolve around the imaginary county of Barsetshire...

, Frederick Engels, Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s...

, Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer. His best-known books include Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde....

, Sir Spencer Walpole
Spencer Walpole
Sir Spencer Walpole KCB was an English historian and civil servant.-Background:He came of the younger branch of the family of the famous Whig prime minister, Robert Walpole, being descended from his brother, the 1st Baron Walpole...

, Arthur Patchett Martin
Arthur Patchett Martin
Arthur Patchett Martin , was an Australian writer.Martin was born in Woolwich, Kent, England, the son of George Martin and his wife Eleanor, née Hill. The family migrated to Australia in 1852, arriving in Melbourne in December...

, and Jamaican-born writer E. S. Dallas.

Ownership

  • George Smith
    George Murray Smith
    George Murray Smith was the son of George Smith who with Alexander Elder started the Victorian publishing firm of Smith, Elder & Co.. His brainchild, The Cornhill Magazine, was the premier fiction-carrying magazine of the 19th century.The firm was extremely successful. G. M...

     (1865–1880)
  • Henry Yates Thompson
    Henry Yates Thompson
    Henry Yates Thompson was a British newspaper proprietor and collector of illuminated manuscripts.-Life and career:...

     (1880–1892)
  • William Waldorf Astor
    William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor
    William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor was a very wealthy American who became a British nobleman. He was a member of the prominent Astor family.-Life in United States:...

     (1892–1917)
  • Henry Dalziel
    Henry Dalziel, 1st Baron Dalziel of Kirkcaldy
    James Henry Dalziel, 1st Baron Dalziel of Kirkcaldy PC , known as Sir Henry Dalziel, Bt, between 1918 and 1921, was a British newspaper proprietor, Liberal politician and supporter of David Lloyd George....

     (1917–1923)

Editorship

Editor's name Years
Frederick Greenwood
Frederick Greenwood
Frederick Greenwood , was an English journalist, editor, and man of letters.-Early years:He was one of three brothers — the others being James and Charles — who all gained reputation as journalists. Frederick started life in a printing house, but at an early age began to write in periodicals...

1865–1880
John Morley
John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn
John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn OM, PC was a British Liberal statesman, writer and newspaper editor. Initially a journalist, he was elected a Member of Parliament in 1883...

1880–1883
William Thomas Stead
William Thomas Stead
William Thomas Stead was an English journalist and editor who, as one of the early pioneers of investigative journalism, became one of the most controversial figures of the Victorian era. His 'New Journalism' paved the way for today's tabloid press...

1883–1889
Edward Tyas Cook
Edward Tyas Cook
Sir Edward Tyas Cook was an English journalist, biographer, and man of letters.-Biography:Born in Brighton, Cook was the youngest son of Silas Kemball Cook, secretary of the Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich, and his wife, Emily, née Archer...

1890–1892
Henry Cust
Henry Cust
Henry John "Harry" Cockayne-Cust was an English politician and editor who served as a Member of Parliament for the Unionist Party.-Biography:...

1892–1896
Douglas Straight
Douglas Straight
Sir Douglas Straight was an English lawyer, Member of Parliament, judge and journalist.Straight was born in London and was educated at Harrow School....

1896–1909
Frederick Higginbottom
Frederick Higginbottom
Frederick James Higginbottom was a British journalist and newspaper editor.The son of a mathematics tutor, Higginbottom was born in Accrington, Lancashire. He began his career as a journalist with the Southport Daily News at the age of fifteen, and became the editor of the Southport Visiter just...

1909–1912
James Louis Garvin
James Louis Garvin
For the basketball player, see James Garvin James Louis Garvin , was an influential British journalist, editor, and author...

1912–1915
D. M. Sutherland
D. M. Sutherland
D. M. Sutherland was a British journalist and editor. Born in Edinburgh, he attended George Watson's College and University of Edinburgh. He was the London editor of the Manchester Daily Dispatch before assuming the editorship of the Sheffield Daily Telegraph...

1915–1923

See also

  • List of newspapers in the United Kingdom
  • Eneas Sweetland Dallas
    Eneas Sweetland Dallas
    Eneas Sweetland Dallas was a Scottish journalist and author.- Biography :E.S. Dallas was the elder son of John Dallas of Jamaica, a planter of Scottish parentage, and his wife Elizabeth , the daughter of the Rev. Angus McIntosh of Tain and sister of Rev. Caldor McIntosh...

  • The W.T. Stead Resource Site
    The W.T. Stead Resource Site
    The W.T. Stead Resource Site is a not-for-profit online reference work on the controversial newspaper editor, publisher, pacifist and spiritualist, William Thomas Stead...


Further reading

  • John Scott (1950), The Story of the Pall Mall Gazette, of its first editor Frederick Greenwood and of its Founder George Murray Smith
  • Raymond Schultz (1972), Crusader in Babylon: WT Stead and the Pall Mall Gazette

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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