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Palaic language
 
 
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Palaic is an extinct Indo-European
Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a Language family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau , Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ....
 language, attested in cuneiform
Cuneiform

Cuneiform can refer to:*Cuneiform script, an ancient writing system originating in Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC*Cuneiform , three bones in the human foot...
 tablets in Bronze Age
Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is, with respect to a given prehistory, the period in that society when the most advanced metalworking included smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper and tin ores, creating a bronze alloy by melting those metals together, and casting them into bronze artifact s....
 Hattusa
Hattusa

Hattusa was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age. The region is set in a loop of the Kizil River in central Anatolia.Hattusa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1986....
. Its name in Hittite
Hittite language

Hittite or Nesili is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas in north-central Anatolia ....
 is palaumnili, or "of the people of Pala
Pala

The word Pala can refer to many different things:...
"; Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
. That region was overrun by the Kaskas
Kaskas

When the Kaska were not raiding or serving as mercenaries, they raised pigs and wove linen, leaving scarcely any imprint on the permanent landscape....
 in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time.

The entire corpus of Palaic spans CTH 750-754 in Laroche's "catalog of Hittite texts"; in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the god Zaparwa (Hittite
Hittite language

Hittite or Nesili is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas in north-central Anatolia ....
 Ziparwa) - totaling 21 passages, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica.






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Palaic is an extinct Indo-European
Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a Language family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau , Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ....
 language, attested in cuneiform
Cuneiform

Cuneiform can refer to:*Cuneiform script, an ancient writing system originating in Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC*Cuneiform , three bones in the human foot...
 tablets in Bronze Age
Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is, with respect to a given prehistory, the period in that society when the most advanced metalworking included smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper and tin ores, creating a bronze alloy by melting those metals together, and casting them into bronze artifact s....
 Hattusa
Hattusa

Hattusa was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age. The region is set in a loop of the Kizil River in central Anatolia.Hattusa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1986....
. Its name in Hittite
Hittite language

Hittite or Nesili is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas in north-central Anatolia ....
 is palaumnili, or "of the people of Pala
Pala

The word Pala can refer to many different things:...
"; Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
. That region was overrun by the Kaskas
Kaskas

When the Kaska were not raiding or serving as mercenaries, they raised pigs and wove linen, leaving scarcely any imprint on the permanent landscape....
 in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time.

The entire corpus of Palaic spans CTH 750-754 in Laroche's "catalog of Hittite texts"; in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the god Zaparwa (Hittite
Hittite language

Hittite or Nesili is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas in north-central Anatolia ....
 Ziparwa) - totaling 21 passages, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Of the pure Palaic texts, CTH 750 is an account of the festival of Zaparwa and CTH 752 is another ritual. In addition to Zaparwa, the Palaumnili-speakers worshipped a sky god Tiyaz (Luwian
Luwian language

Luwian is an extinct language of the Anatolian languages of the Indo-European languages language family. Luwian is closely related to Hittite language, and was among the languages spoken by population groups in Arzawa, to the west or southwest of the core Hittites area....
 Tiwaz).

Palaic is a fairly typical specimen of Indo-European. Old Hittite has the genitive singular suffix -as as of circa 1600 BC (compare Proto-Indo-European *-os); where Cuneiform
Cuneiform script

Cuneiform script is one of the earliest known forms of writing system. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, with predecessors reaching into the late 4th millennium , cuneiform writing began as a system of pictography....
 Luwian instead uses the -ssa adjectival suffix. Palaic, on the northern border of both, like later Hieroglyphic Luwian has both an -as genitive and an -asa adjectival suffix. Palaic also shows the same gender distinction as seen in Hittite, i.e. animate vs. inanimate; and has similar pronoun forms. Therefore Palaic is thought to belong to the Anatolian languages
Anatolian languages

The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages languages, which were spoken in Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the Hittite language....
, although whether as a sister language to Old Hittite or Cuneiform Luwian is unknown.

External links

  • by Craig Melchert