Père Lachaise Cemetery is the largest
cemeteryA cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. The term cemetery implies that the land is specifically designated as a burying ground. Cemeteries in the Western world are the place where the final ceremonies of death are observed...
in the city of Paris, France at (48
haA hectare is a unit of area equal to , or one square hectometre , and commonly used for measuring land area....
, 118.6 acres), though there are larger cemeteries in the city's suburbs.
Père Lachaise is one of the
most famous cemeteries in the world. Located in the
20th arrondissementThe 20
th arrondissement , located on the Right Bank, is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, France. It contains the cosmopolitan districts of Ménilmontant and Belleville which have welcomed many successive waves of immigration since the middle of the 19th century...
, it is reputed to be the world's most-visited cemetery, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors annually to the graves of those who have enhanced French life over the past 200 years. It is also the site of three World War I memorials.
Père Lachaise is located on Boulevard de Ménilmontant.
MétroMetró was a very famous Hungarian rock band in the 1960s and early 1970s. When the Hungarian government cracked down on rock music that they considered subversive, Metró left the music industry. Band leader Zorán Sztevanovity has pursued an active solo career till now and on....
station
Philippe AugustePhilippe Auguste is a station of the Paris Métro, serving Line 2 on the border of the 11th and 20th arrondissements.The station was opened on 31 January 1903 as part of the extension of line 2 from Anvers to Bagnolet...
on
line 2Paris Métro Line 2 was the second metro line built in Paris, France. It was known in its early years as line "2 Nord" because it consisted of the northern portion of a circular metro line...
is next to the main entrance, while the station called
Père LachaisePère Lachaise is a station of the Paris Métro, serving line 2 and 3 on the border of the 11th and 20th arrondissements.The station was opened on 31 January 1903 as part of the extension of line 2 from Anvers to Bagnolet...
, on line
3Paris Metro Line 3 is one of 16 metro lines of the Paris metro. It links Levallois-Perret and Bagnolet via St-Lazare railway station, the Grands Boulevards and République in the center of Paris....
, is 500 metres away near a side entrance. Many tourists prefer the
GambettaGambetta is a station of the Paris Métro. It serves Line 3 and is the southern terminus of Line 3bis. It was opened on on 25 January 1905 when the line was extended from Père Lachaise and was the eastern terminus of the line until 27 November 1921, when the line was extended to Porte des Lilas...
station on line 3 as it allows them to enter near the tomb of
Oscar WildeOscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish playwright, poet and author of numerous short stories and one novel. Known for his biting wit, he became one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London, and one of the greatest "celebrities" of his day...
and then walk downhill to visit the rest of the cemetery.
Origins
The cemetery takes its name from
Père François de la ChaiseFrançois de la Chaise was a French Jesuit priest, the father confessor of King Louis XIV of France-Biography:...
(1624–1709), confessor to
Louis XIVLouis XIV , popularly known as the Sun King , was King of France and of Navarre His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days, and is the longest documented reign of any European monarch.Louis began personally governing France after the death...
, who lived in the
JesuitThe Society of Jesus is a Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits.Jesuits are the largest male religious order in the Catholic Church, with 18,815 members—13,305 priests, 2,295 scholastic students, 1,758 brothers and 827 novices—as of January 2008, although the...
house rebuilt in 1682 on the site of the chapel. The property, situated on the hillside from which the king, during the
FrondeThe Fronde was a civil war in France, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635. The word fronde means sling, which Parisians mobs used to smash the windows of supporters of Cardinal Mazarin....
, watched skirmishing between the
CondéLouis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé was a French general and the most famous representative of the Condé branch of the House of Bourbon. Prior to his father's death in 1646, he was styled the Duc d'Enghien...
and
TurenneHenri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne,often called simply Turenne was the most illustrious member of the La Tour d'Auvergne family. He achieved military fame and became a Marshal of France...
, was bought by the city in 1804, laid out by
Alexandre-Théodore BrongniartAlexandre-Théodore Brongniart was a prominent French architect.Born in Paris, France. A prominent member of Parisian society, in 1767 he married Anne-Louise d'Egremont...
, and later extended.
The cemetery was established by
Napoleon INapoleon Bonaparte later known as Napoleon I, and previously Napoleone di Buonaparte, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century.Born in Corsica and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France, Bonaparte rose to prominence...
in 1804. Cemeteries had been banned inside Paris in 1786, after the closure of the
Saints Innocents CemeteryThe Saints Innocents Cemetery or Cimetière des Saints-Innocents is a defunct cemetery in Paris, named as a memorial to the story of the Biblical Massacre of the Innocents...
(Cimetière des Innocents) on the fringe of
Les HallesLes Halles is an area of Paris, France, located in the 1er arrondissement, just south of the fashionable rue Montorgueil. It is named for the large central wholesale marketplace, which was demolished in 1971, to be replaced with an underground modern shopping precinct, the Forum des Halles...
food market, on the grounds that it presented a health hazard. (This same health hazard also led to the creation of the famous
Parisian catacombsThe Catacombs of Paris or Catacombes de Paris are a famous underground ossuary in Paris, France. Its entrance is located near the Denfert-Rochereau station of the Paris Métro...
in the south of the city.) Several new cemeteries replaced the Parisian ones, outside the precincts of the capital:
Montmartre CemeteryMontmartre Cemetery is a famous cemetery located at 37 Avenue Samson, in the 18
th arrondissement of Paris, France....
in the north, Père Lachaise in the east, and
Montparnasse CemeteryMontparnasse Cemetery is a famous cemetery in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, part of the city's 14th arrondissement.Created from three farms in 1824, the cemetery at Montparnasse was originally known as Le Cimetière du Sud. Cemeteries had been banned from Paris since the closure, owing to...
in the south. At the heart of the city, in the shadow of the
Eiffel TowerThe Eiffel Tower is a 19th century iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris that has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower, which is the tallest building in Paris, is the single most visited paid monument in...
, is
Passy CemeteryThe Passy Cemetery is a famous cemetery located at 2, rue du Commandant Schlœsing in Passy, in the 16ème arrondissement of Paris, France....
.
At the time of its opening, the cemetery was considered to be situated too far from the city and attracted few funerals. Consequently, the administrators devised a marketing strategy and with great fanfare organised the transfer of the remains of
La FontaineJean de La Fontaine was the most famous French fabulist and one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century....
and
MolièreJean-Baptiste Poquelin, mostly known by his stage name Molière, was a French playwright and actor who is considered one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature...
, in 1804. Then, in another great spectacle in 1817, the purported remains of Pierre Abélard and
HéloïseHéloïse d’Argenteuil was a French nun, writer, scholar, and abbess, best known for her love affair and correspondence with Pierre Abélard.- Background :...
were also transferred to the cemetery with their monument's canopy made from fragments of the
abbeyAn abbey , is a Christian monastery or convent, under the government of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serves as the spiritual father or mother of the community....
of
Nogent-sur-SeineNogent-sur-Seine is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.-People:Camille Claudel lived in Nogent-sur-Seine with her family from 1876 to 1879.Frédéric Moreau lives in Nogent sur Seine as a child in Flaubert's Sentimental Education....
(by tradition, lovers or lovelorn singles leave letters at the
cryptIn architecture, a crypt is a stone chamber or vault beneath the floor of a church usually used as a chapel or burial vault possibly containing sarcophagi, coffins or relics....
in tribute to the couple or in hope of finding true love) (see disputation).
This strategy achieved its desired effect when people began clamouring to be buried among the famous citizens. Records show that, within a few years, Père Lachaise went from containing a few dozen permanent residents to more than 33,000. Today there are over 300,000 bodies buried there, and many more in the
columbariumA columbarium is a place for the respectful and usually public storage of cinerary urns...
, which holds the remains of those who had requested
cremationCremation is the process of reducing human remains to basic chemical compounds in the form of gases and bone fragments. This is accomplished through high temperatures and vaporization....
.
The
Communards' WallThe Communards’ Wall at the Père Lachaise cemetery is where, on 28 May 1871, one-hundred forty-seven fédérés, combatants of the Paris Commune, were shot and thrown in an open trench at the foot of the wall....
(
Mur des Fédérés) is also located in the cemetery. This is the site where 147 Communards, the last defenders of the workers' district of Belleville, were shot on 28 May 1871 — the last day of the "Bloody Week" (
Semaine Sanglante) in which the
Paris CommuneThe Paris Commune was a government that briefly ruled Paris, from March 28 to May 28, 1871. It existed before the split between anarchists and socialists had taken place, and it is hailed by both groups as the first assumption of power by the working class...
was crushed.
After that week, the cemetery gained a special importance to the political
leftIn politics, left-wing, political left, leftist and the Left are terms used to describe a number of positions and ideologies. They are most commonly used to refer to support for changing traditional social orders or for creating a more egalitarian distribution of wealth and privilege...
in France, manifested in annual processions sometimes drawing tens or even hundreds of thousands of participants (some 600,000 in 1936) and led by the main leaders of the left parties and organizations. Various prominent left-wing leaders are buried in the vicinity, where a monument was also erected honouring the French Brigadists (volunteers in the
International BrigadesThe International Brigades were Republican military units made up of many non-state-sponsored, anti-fascist, mostly socialist and communist, volunteers from different countries who traveled to Spain to fight for the Republic in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939.An estimated 32,000 people...
in the
Spanish Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War was a major conflict that devastated Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. It began after an attempted coup d'état by a group of Spanish Army generals against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of president Manuel Azaña...
).
Adolphe ThiersLouis-Adolphe was a French politician and historian. was a prime minister under King Louis-Philippe of France. Following the overthrow of the Second Empire he again came to prominence as the French leader who suppressed the revolutionary Paris Commune of 1871...
, widely blamed for the massacres of "Bloody Week," is an ironic resident of the cemetery. His tomb has occasionally been subject to
vandalismVandalism is the behaviour attributed to the Vandals, by the Romans, in respect of culture: ruthless destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or venerable...
.
A
- Peter Abelard
Peter Abelard was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian and preeminent logician. The story of his affair with and love for Héloïse has become legendary...
— French philosopher
- Edmond François Valentin About
Edmond François Valentin About was a French novelist, publicist and journalist.-Life:He was born at Dieuze, in the Moselle département in the Lorraine region of France. In 1848 he entered the École Normale, taking second place in the annual competition for admission in which Hippolyte Taine came...
— French novelist and journalist
- Marie d'Agoult
Marie Catherine Sophie de Flavigny, Vicomtesse de Flavigny , was a French author, known also by her married name and title, Marie, Comtesse d'Agoult, and by her pen name, Daniel Stern....
— French author who wrote under the nom de plume of Daniel SternDaniel Stern may refer to:*The pen name of Marie d'Agoult*Daniel Stern , American actor*Daniel Stern , Jewish American novelist and professor of English*Daniel Stern , psychoanalytic theorist and author...
- Jehan Alain
Jehan Ariste Alain was a French organist and composer.-Biography:Alain was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye in the western suburbs of Paris, into a family of musicians. His father, Albert Alain was an enthusiastic organist, composer and organ-builder who had studied with Alexandre Guilmant and...
— French composer and organist
- Marietta Alboni
Marietta Alboni was a renowned Italian contralto opera singer. With the exception of Maria Malibran, she was considered the greatest contralto of the nineteenth century....
— Italian opera singer
- Jean-Charles Alphand
Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, born in 1817 and died in 1891, interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery , was a French Engineer of the Corps of Bridges and Roads...
— French civil engineer
- Karel Appel
Christiaan Karel Appel was a Dutch painter, sculptor, and poet. He started painting at the age of fourteen and studied at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam in the 1940s...
— Dutch painter
- Guillaume Apollinaire
Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki, known as Guillaume Apollinaire was a French poet, writer and art critic born in Italy to a Polish mother....
— French poet and art critic
- François Arago
François Jean Dominique Arago was a French Catalan mathematician, physicist, astronomer and politician.-Early life and work:...
— French scientist and statesman
- Armand-Pierre Arman
Arman was a French-born American artist. Born Armand Pierre Fernandez in Nice, France, Arman is a painter who moved from using the objects as paintbrushes to using them as the painting itself...
— French painter
- Miguel Ángel Asturias
Miguel Ángel Asturias Rosales was a Nobel Prize–winning Guatemalan poet, novelist, and diplomat. Asturias helped establish Latin American literature's contribution to mainstream Western culture, and at the same time drew attention to the importance of indigenous cultures, especially those of his...
— Guatemalan diplomat and author, won the Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize is a Sweden-based international monetary prize. The award was established by the 1895 will and estate of Swedish chemist and inventor Alfred Nobel. It was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901...
for Literature in 1967
- Daniel Auber
Daniel François Esprit Auber was a French composer.-Biography:The son of a Paris print-seller, Auber was born in Caen in Normandy. Though his father expected him to continue in the print-selling business, he also allowed his son to learn how to play several musical instruments...
— French composer
- Hubertine Auclert
Hubertine Auclert was a leading French feminist and a campaigner for women's suffrage.Born in the Allier département in the Auvergne area of France into a middle-class family, Hubertine Auclert's father died when she was thirteen years old and her mother sent her to live and study in a Roman...
— French feminist and activist for women's suffrage
- Pierre Augereau — French military commander and Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
- Jean-Pierre Aumont
-Early life:Aumont was born in Paris as Jean-Pierre Philippe Salomons to Alexandre Salomons, owner of La Maison du Blanc and Suzanne Cahen. His mother's uncle was well-known stage actor Georges Berr. His father, whose family came from Holland, was Jewish and his mother also came from a Jewish family...
— French actor, father of Tina AumontMaria Christina Aumont , best known as Tina Aumont, was an American actress of French, and Dominican descent.She was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of actors Jean-Pierre Aumont and Maria Montez...
and husband of Maria MontezMaría Montez was a Dominican-born motion picture actress who gained fame and popularity in the 1940s as an exotic beauty starring in a series of filmed-in-Technicolor costume adventure films. Her screen image was that of a hot-blooded Latin seductress, dressed in fanciful costumes and sparkling...
- Jane Avril
Jane Avril was a French can-can dancer made famous by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec through his paintings.-Biography:She was born Jeanne Beaudon in the Belleville section of Paris, France...
— French dancer
B
- Salvador Bacarisse
Salvador Bacarisse Chinoria was a Spanish composer.Bacarisse was born in Madrid and studied music at the Real Conservatorio de Música there, as a student of Manuel Fernández Alberdi and Conrado del Campo...
— Spanish composer
- Honoré de Balzac
Honoré de Balzac was a French novelist and playwright. His magnum opus was a sequence of almost 100 novels and plays collectively entitled La Comédie humaine, which presents a panorama of French life in the years after the fall of Napoléon Bonaparte in 1815.Due to his keen observation of detail...
— French novelist of the 19th century
- Henri Barbusse
Henri Barbusse was a French novelist and a member of the French Communist Party.-Life:...
— French novelist
- Paul Barras — French statesman
- Antoine-Louis Barye
Antoine-Louis Barye was a French sculptor most famous for his work as an animalier, a sculptor of animals.-Biography:Born in Paris, Barye began his career as a goldsmith, like many sculptors of the Romantic Period...
— French sculptor
- Jean-Dominique Bauby
Jean-Dominique Bauby was a well-known French journalist and author and editor of the French fashion magazine ELLE....
— French journalist
- Jean-Louis Baudelocque
Jean-Louis Baudelocque was a French obstetrician who studied and practiced medicine in Paris. He was born in Heilly, in the region of Picardie.Baudelocque is known for making obstetrics a scientific discipline in France...
— French obstetrician
- Gilbert Becaud
Gilbert Bécaud was a French singer, composer and actor, known as Monsieur 100,000 Volts for his energetic performances. His best-known hits are "Nathalie" and "Et Maintenant", a 1961 release that became an English language hit as "What Now My Love"...
— French singer
- Pierre Augustin Beclard
Pierre Augustin Béclard was a French anatomist who was a native of Angers. He was the father of physiologist Jules-Auguste Béclard....
— French anatomist
- Vincenzo Bellini
Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini was an Italian opera composer. His most famous works are La Sonnambula and Norma...
— Italian composer; remains later transferred to Italy
- Judah P. Benjamin
Judah Philip Benjamin was an American politician and lawyer. He was born a British subject in the West Indies, became a citizen of the United States and then the Confederate States of America...
— American lawyer
- Pierre-Jean de Beranger
Pierre-Jean de Béranger was a French songwriter.He was born in Paris, and was not aristocratic, despite the use of "de" in the family name by his father, who had assumed the name of Béranger de Mersix. He was in fact descended from a country innkeeper on the one side and a tailor on the other. He...
— French lyricist
- Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard was a French physiologist. Historian of science I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science"...
— French physiologist, known for several advances in medicine, as the introduction of the scientific method to the study of medicine, and the study of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Bernardin de Saint Pierre — French writer
- Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt was a legendary French stage actress, and has been referred to as "the most famous actress in the history of the world". Bernhardt made her fame on the stages of Europe in the 1870s, and was soon in demand in Europe and the Americas...
— French stage and film actress
- Alphonse Bertillon
Alphonse Bertillon was a French police officer and biometrics researcher who created anthropometry, an identification system based on physical measurements. Anthropometry was the first scientific system used by police to identify criminals. Before that time, criminals could only be identified...
— French anthropologist and father of anthropometryAnthropometry , in physical anthropology, refers to the measurement of the human individual for the purposes of understanding human physical variation....
- Ramon Emeterio Betances
Ramón Emeterio Betances y Alacán was a Puerto Rican nationalist. He was the primary instigator of the Grito de Lares revolution, and as such, is considered to be the father of the Puerto Rican independence movement...
— Puerto Rican nationalist
- Marie François Xavier Bichat
Marie François Xavier Bichat , French anatomist and physiologist, was born at Thoirette .Bichat is best remembered as the father of modern histology and pathology. Despite the fact that he worked without a microscope he was able to advance greatly the understanding of the human body...
— French anatomist and physiologist
- Fulgence Bienvenue
Fulgence Bienvenüe was a French civil engineer, best known for his role in the construction of the Paris Métro....
— French civil engineer remembered as the Father of the Paris MetroThe Paris Métro or Métropolitain is the rapid transit system in Paris. It is a symbol of the city, notable for its station architecture, influenced by Art Nouveau. It has 16 lines, mostly underground, and a total length of 214 km . There are 300 stations...
- Samuel Bing
Siegfried "Samuel" Bing was a German art dealer in Paris, who was prominent in the introduction of Japanese art and artworks to the West and the development of the Art Nouveau style in the late nineteenth century....
— German art dealer
- Georges Bizet
Georges Bizet was a French composer and pianist of the Romantic era. He is best known for the opera Carmen.-Biography:Bizet was born at 26 rue de la Tour d'Auvergne in the 9th arrondissement of Paris in 1838...
— French composer and conductor
- Louis Blanc
Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc was a French politician and historian. A socialist that favored reforms, he called for the creation of procedure cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the city poor.-Early years:...
— French historian and statesman
- Sophie Blanchard
Sophie Blanchard was a French aeronaut and the wife of ballooning pioneer Jean-Pierre Blanchard. Blanchard was the first woman to work as a professional balloonist, and after her husband's death she continued ballooning, making more than 60 ascents...
— first professional female balloonA balloon is an inflatable flexible bag filled with a type of gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide or air. Modern balloons can be made from materials such as rubber, latex, polychloroprene, or a nylon fabric, while some early balloons were sometimes made of dried animal bladders...
ist and the first woman to die in an aviation accident
- Auguste Blanqui — French statesman
- Rosa Bonheur
Rosa Bonheur, née Marie-Rosalie Bonheur, was a French animalière and realist artist, one of few female sculptors...
— French painter
- Ludwig Borne
Karl Ludwig Börne was a German political writer and satirist.He was born Loeb Baruch at Frankfurt am Main, where his father, Jakob Baruch, carried on the business of a banker...
— German political writer and satirist
- Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu was an acclaimed French sociologist.Bourdieu pioneered investigative frameworks and terminologies such as cultural, social, and symbolic capital, and the concepts of habitus, field or location, and symbolic violence to reveal the dynamics of power relations in social life...
— French sociologist
- Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu
Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu was a French opera soprano. She was born in Cap-Haïtien, Haïti at a time when Haiti was a French colony...
— French opera singer
- Edouard Branly
Édouard Eugène Désiré Branly was a French inventor, physicist and professor at the Institut Catholique de Paris. He is primarily known for his early involvement in wireless telegraphy and his invention of the Branly coherer around 1890.The coherer was the first widely used detector for radio...
— French scientist
- Pierre Brasseur
Pierre Brasseur, born Pierre-Albert Espinasse was a French actor.He was the son of actor Georges Espinasse and actress Germaine Brasseur while the latter was married to Albert Brasseur. His grandfather, Jules Brasseur, was actor as well...
— French comedian
- Alexandre-Theodore Brongniart
Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart was a prominent French architect.Born in Paris, France. A prominent member of Parisian society, in 1767 he married Anne-Louise d'Egremont...
— French architect, best known for designing the layout of the Pere Lachaise Cemetery itself
- Pierre Brossolette
Pierre Brossolette was a French socialist, journalist and a top leader of French Resistance.-Education, politics and journalism:...
— French journalist, politician and Résistance leader
- Jean de Brunhoff
Jean de Brunhoff was a French writer and illustrator known for co-creating Babar, which first appeared in 1931. The stories were originally told to their second son, Mathieu, when he was sick, by his wife Cecile de Brunhoff...
— French author of Babar the ElephantBabar the Elephant is a very popular French children's fictional character who first appeared in Histoire de Babar by Jean de Brunhoff in 1931 and enjoyed immediate success. An English language version, entitled The Story of Babar, appeared in 1933 in Britain and also in the United States...
C
- Joseph Caillaux
Joseph-Marie-Auguste Caillaux was a major French politician of the Third Republic. The leader of the Radicals, he favored a policy of conciliation with Germany during his premiership from 1911 to 1912, which led to the maintenance of the peace during the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911.In 1914 he...
— French statesman
- Gustave Caillebotte
Gustave Caillebotte was a French painter, member and patron of the group of artists known as Impressionists, though he painted in a much more realistic manner than many other artists in the group...
— French ImpressionistImpressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence in the 1870s and 1880s...
painter
- Maria Callas
Maria Callas was an American-born Greek soprano and one of the most renowned opera singers of the twentieth century. She combined an impressive bel canto technique with great dramatic gifts...
— The operaOpera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
singer's ashes were originally buried in the cemetery. After being stolen and later recovered, they were scattered into the Aegean SeaThe Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus...
, off the coast of Greece. The empty urn remains in Père Lachaise.
- Jean-Jacques-Regis de Cambaceres — French lawyer and politician
- Giulia Grisi
Giulia Grisi was an Italian opera singer.Born in Milan, she was the daughter of one of Napoleon Bonaparte's Italian officers...
de Candia — Italian opera singer, well known as "Giulia Grisi", her grave is marked Giullia de Candia.
- Jean-Joseph Carriès
Jean-Joseph Marie Carriès was a French sculptor, ceramist, and miniaturist. Born in Lyon, Carriès was orphaned at age six and was raised in a Roman Catholic orphanage. He apprenticed with a local sculptor then in 1874 moved to Paris to study at the École des Beaux-Arts under Augustin-Alexandre...
— French sculptor, ceramist, and miniaturist
- Pierre Cartellier
Pierre Cartellier was a French sculptor.Born in Paris, he studied at the École Gratuite de Dessin in Paris and then in the studio of Charles-Antoine Bridan before attending the Académie Royale. During the French Revolution Cartellier was part of a team of sculptors who worked on the church of Ste...
— French sculptor
- Virginia Oldoini, Countess di Castiglione — Italian courtesan and secret agent
- Jean-François Champollion
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— French decipherer of the hieroglyphsEgyptian hieroglyphs was a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that contained a combination of logographic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood...
and father of EgyptologyEgyptology Egyptology Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek , -logia. , is a major field of archaeology, the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the AD 4th century...
- Claude Chappe
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— French pioneer of the telegraph
- Ernest Chausson
Amédée-Ernest Chausson was a French romantic composer who died just as his career was beginning to flourish.-Life:Ernest Chausson was born in Paris into a prosperous bourgeois family...
— French composer
- Richard Chenevix
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— Irish chemist
- Luigi Cherubini
Luigi Cherubini was an Italian-born composer who spent most of his working life in France. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the greatest of his contemporaries.-Biography:Cherubini was born Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini...
— Italian composer
- Frédéric Chopin
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— PolishPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
composer. His heart is entombed within a pillar at the Holy Cross ChurchChurch of the Holy Cross is a Roman Catholic place of worship in downtown Warsaw. Located on Krakowskie Przedmieście, directly opposite the main Warsaw University campus, it is one of the most notable baroque churches in Poland's capital...
in WarsawWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of 2009 was estimated at 1,709,781, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000...
, PolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
.
- Jean-Baptiste Clément — French painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay or concrete...
and activist
- Auguste Clésinger
Auguste Clésinger was a French sculptor and painter of the 19th century. He is buried in the cimetière du Père-Lachaise and his heir was his model and mistress Berthe Courrière....
- French painter and sculptor
- Emile Cohl
Émile Cohl , born Émile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet, was a French caricaturist of the largely-forgotten Incoherent Movement, cartoonist, and animator, called "The Father of the Animated Cartoon" and "The Oldest Parisian"....
— French cartoonist
- Colette
Colette was the pen name of the French novelist Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette . She is best known, at least in the English-speaking world, for her novel Gigi, which provided the plot for a Lerner & Loewe musical film and stage musical.- Early life, marriage :Colette was born in...
— French litterateur
- Count Alexandre Joseph Colonna-Walewski — French statesman, son of Napoleon I
- Auguste Comte
Auguste Comte was a French philosopher, the founder of sociology and sociological positivism.Comte developed sociologie in an attempt to remedy the social malaise left by the French revolution. The discipline was later formally and academically established by Émile Durkheim...
— French thinker; father of PositivismPositivism is a philosophy that holds that the only authentic knowledge is that which is based on actual sense experience. Metaphysical speculation is avoided...
- Benjamin Constant
Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque was a Swiss-born, nobleman, thinker, writer and French politician.-Biography:...
— Swiss-born liberal philosopher
- Bruno Coquatrix
Bruno Coquatrix, was born in Ronchin, Nord on August 5, 1910 and died in Paris on April 1, 1979, buried in the famous Père Lachaise Cemetery . He is mainly known as the owner and manager of the music hall Paris Olympia...
— French lyricist and music impresario
- Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot — French painter
- Jean-Pierre Cortot
Jean-Pierre Cortot was a French sculptor. He was born and died in Paris), but resided in the Villa Medici in Rome from 1810 to 1813.-Paris:*Arc de triomphe de l’Étoile : relief of Triumph...
— French sculptor
- Benoît Costaz
Benoît, baron Costaz was a French bishop.Entering holy orders before 1789, he refused to swear to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and took refuge in Savoy, Switzerland then Turin...
— French bishop
- Georges Courteline
Georges Courteline was a French dramatist and novelist.Born Georges Victor Marcel Moinaux, in Tours in the Indre-et-Loire département, his family moved to Paris shortly after his birth...
— French playwright
- Thomas Couture
Thomas Couture was an influential French history painter and teacher.He was born at Senlis Oise, France and at age 11, Thomas Couture's family moved to Paris where he would study at the industrial arts school and later at the École des Beaux-Arts...
— French painter
- Nancy Cunard
Nancy Clara Cunard was a writer, heiress and political activist. She was born into the British upper class but strongly rejected her family's values, devoting much of her life to fighting racism and fascism...
— English poet and activist
- Henri Curiel
Henri Curiel was a political activist, founder of a communist organization in Egypt. He was involved in the support of several national liberation causes until his assassination in Paris on May 4, 1978...
— Egyptian politician
D
- Jarosław Dąbrowski — exiled Polish
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
revolutionary Nationalist and last Commander-in-Chief of the Paris Commune of 1871The Paris Commune was a government that briefly ruled Paris, from March 28 to May 28, 1871. It existed before the split between anarchists and socialists had taken place, and it is hailed by both groups as the first assumption of power by the working class...
- Pierre Dac
André Isaac , better known as Pierre Dac was a French humorist and Résistance activist.He was born in Châlons-sur-Marne....
— French humorist
- Édouard Daladier
Édouard Daladier was a French Radical politician, and Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:...
— French Radical-SocialistThe Radical Party is a liberal and centrist political party in France. Founded in 1901 as Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party , it is the oldest active political party in France.Coming from the Radical Republican left-wing tradition, the Radical...
politician of the 1930s, signatory of the Munich AgreementThe Munich Agreement was an agreement permitting German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. The Sudetenland were areas along borders of Czechoslovakia, mainly inhabited by Czech Germans. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe...
in 1938 and Prime Minister of France at the outbreak of the Second World War
- Alexandre Darracq
Alexandre Darracq, November 10, 1855–1931, was a French automobile manufacturer.Born Pierre Alexandre Darracq in Bordeaux, France, of Basque parents, he trained as a draftsman at the Arsenal in Tarbes, in the Hautes-Pyrénées département before establishing the Gladiator Cycle Company in 1891...
— French automobile manufacturer
- Alphonse Daudet
Alphonse Daudet was a French novelist. He was the father of Léon Daudet and Lucien Daudet.-Early life:...
— Famous French author who is known for his literary works, such as, "Lettres de mon Moulin".
- Honore Daumier
Honoré Daumier was a French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century....
— French caricaturist
- Jacques-Louis David
Jacques-Louis David was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era...
— Napoleon's court painter was exiled as a revolutionary after the BourbonsThe House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples & Sicily, and Parma...
returned to the throne of France. His body was not allowed into the country even in death, so the tomb contains only his heart.
- David d'Angers — French sculptor
- Louis Nicolas Davout
Louis-Nicolas d'Avout , better known as Davout, 1st Duc d'Auerstaedt, 1st Prince d'Eckmühl, was a Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Era. His prodigious talent for war along with his reputation as a stern disciplinarian, earned him the title "The Iron Marshal"...
— Napoleon's "Iron Marshal"
- Gerard Debreu
Gérard Debreu was a French-born economist and mathematician. In July 1975, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States...
— French economist, won the Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize is a Sweden-based international monetary prize. The award was established by the 1895 will and estate of Swedish chemist and inventor Alfred Nobel. It was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901...
for Economics in 1983
- Jean-Gaspard Deburau
Jean-Gaspard Deburau, or Debureau — born Jan Kašpar Dvořák — was a celebrated Bohemian-French actor and mime. He performed in Paris at the Théâtre des Funambules, which was immortalized in Marcel Carné's poetic realist film Les Enfants du Paradis and he appears in that film as a major character...
— Czech-born French actor and mime
- Cino Del Duca
Cino Del Duca was an Italian-born businessman film producer and philanthropist who moved to France in 1923 where he made a fortune in the French publishing business.-Biography:...
— Italian-born French publishing magnate, film producer and philanthropist
- Simone Del Duca
Simone Del Duca was a French businesswoman, a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts, and major philanthropist. Married to French publishing magnate Cino Del Duca, on his death in 1967 she was left with a considerable fortune...
— French businesswoman and philanthropist, wife of Cino Del Duca
- Eugène Delacroix
Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school...
— French RomanticRomanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution...
artist
- Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Jean Baptiste Joseph, chevalier Delambre was a French mathematician and astronomer. He was also director of the Paris Observatory, and author of well-known books on the history of astronomy from ancient times to the 18th century.After a childhood fever, he suffered from very sensitive eyes, and...
— French mathematician
- Vivant Denon — French archaeologist
- Pierre Desproges
Pierre Desproges was a French humorist. He was famous for his elaborate, eloquent and above all, virulent diatribes criticizing anything and everything....
— French humorist
- Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Doré was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Doré worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving.-Life:...
— French artist and engraver
- Michel Drach
Michel Drach was a French film director, writer, producer and actor. His fims include Le Passé simple , which he directed and scripted.-Selected filmography:* Elise, or Real Life...
— French film director
- Marie Dubas
Marie Dubas was a music-hall singer and comedienne.Born in Paris, France, Marie Dubas began her career as a stage actress but became famous as a singer. Using the great Yvette Guilbert as her model, Dubas started singing in the small cabarets of Montmartre mixing comedy into her routine...
— French singer
- Jacques Duclos
Jacques Duclos was a French Communist politician who played a key role in French politics from 1926, when he entered the French National Assembly after defeating Paul Reynaud, until 1969, when he achieved a substantial proportion of the vote in the Presidential Elections.During World War I, Duclos...
— French politician
- Paul Dukas
Paul Abraham Dukas was a French composer and teacher of classical music.-Biography:Paul Dukas was born in Paris to a Jewish father and Catholic mother. He studied under Théodore Dubois and Ernest Guiraud at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he became friends with the composer Claude Debussy...
— French composer
- Isadora Duncan
Isadora Duncan was an American dancer. She was born Angela Isadora Duncan in San Francisco, California. Isadora Duncan is considered by many to be the mother of modern dance...
— American dancer
- Henri Duparc — French composer
- Eleonore Duplay
Éléonore Duplay , called Cornélie, after Cornelia Africana of Ancient Rome, was the daughter of Maurice Duplay, a master carpenter, and Françoise-Éléonore Vaugeois. She was the eldest of five children and was born in 1768, two years after her parents' marriage, in Paris, where she would live all...
— Friend of French revolutionary Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre is one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution...
- Guillaume Dupuytren
Guillaume Dupuytren, Baron was a French anatomist and military surgeon. Although he gained much esteem for treating Napoleon Bonaparte's hemorrhoids, he is best known today for Dupuytren's contracture which is named after him and which he described in 1831.- Birth and education :Guillaume...
— French surgeon
E
- Paul Éluard
Paul Éluard was the pen name of Eugène Émile Paul Grindel , a French poet who was one of the founders of the surrealist movement.-Biography:...
— French surrealist poet
- George Enescu
George Enescu was a Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor and teacher.- Biography :...
— RomaniaRomania is a country located in Southeastern and Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory...
n composer, pianist, violinist and conductor
- Camille Erlanger
Camille Erlanger was a Parisian-born French opera composer. He studied at the Paris Conservatory under Léo Delibes and in 1888 won the Prix de Rome for his opera Velléda...
— French composer
- Max Ernst
Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism.-Early life:...
— German artist
F
- Alexandre Falguiere
Jean Alexandre Joseph Falguière was a French sculptor and painter.He was born in Toulouse...
— French sculptor
- Felix Faure
Félix François Faure was President of France from 1895 until his death.-Biography:Félix François Faure was born in Paris, the son of a small furniture maker...
— former PresidentPresident is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a "president" is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
- Robert de Flers
Robert de Flers was a French playwright, opera librettist, and journalist....
— French playwright and journalist
- Suzanne Flon
Suzanne Flon was a French film actress and comedienne. Her father was a railway worker and her mother crafted jewelry....
— actress
- Jean de la Fontaine
Jean de La Fontaine was the most famous French fabulist and one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century....
— French litterateur best known for fairy tales
- Joseph Fourier
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and physicist best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their application to problems of heat transfer. The Fourier transform and Fourier's Law are also named in his honour...
— French mathematician and physicist
- Jean Francaix
Jean René Désiré Françaix was a French neoclassical composer, pianist, and orchestrator, known for his prolific output and vibrant style.-Life:...
— French composer
- Pierre Frank
Pierre Frank was a French Trotskyist leader. He served on the secretariat of the Fourth International from 1948 to 1979....
— French Trotskyist politician
- William Temple Franklin
William Temple Franklin was the illegitimate, only son of William Franklin and grandson of and secretary to Benjamin Franklin...
— grandson of Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat...
- Loie Fuller
Loie Fuller Loie Fuller Loie Fuller (also Loïe Fuller; (January 15 1862 – January 1 1928) was a pioneer of both modern dance and theatrical lighting techniques.-Career:...
— French dancer
G
- Antonio de la Gandara
Antonio de la Gándara was a painter, pastellist and draughtsman.He was born in Paris, France, but his father was of Spanish ancestry, born in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and his mother was from England. La Gandara's talent was strongly influenced by both cultures...
— French painter
- Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pages
Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès , French politician, fought on the barricades during the revolution of July.He was a keen promoter of reform, and was a leading spirit in the affair of the reform banquet fixed for 22 February 1848. He was a member of the provisional government of 1848, and was named...
— French statesman
- Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac was a French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for two laws related to gases, and for his work on alcohol-water mixtures, which led to the degrees Gay-Lussac used to measure alcoholic beverages in many countries.- Biography :Gay-Lussac was born at...
— French chemist and physicist
- Pierre Georges
Pierre Georges , better known as Colonel Fabien, was one of the two members of the French Communist Party who perpetrated the first assassinations of German personnel during the Occupation of France during the Second World War....
— French Resistance leader better known as Colonel Fabien
- Théodore Gericault
Théodore Géricault was a profoundly influential French artist, painter and lithographer, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings...
— French Romantic painter, whose major work The Raft of the Medusa is reproduced on his tomb by sculptor Antoine ÉtexAntoine Étex , French sculptor, painter and architect, was born in Paris.He first exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1833, his work including a reproduction in marble of his "Death of Hyacinthus", and the plaster cast of his "Cain and his race cursed by God"...
.
- Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou was a Kurdish political leader.He was born on December 22, 1930 in Orumieh, Iran. He was the leader of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan from 1973 to 1989...
— leader of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
- Andre Gill
André Gill was a French caricaturist. Born Louis-Alexandre Gosset de Guînes at Paris, the son of the Comte de Guînes and Sylvie-Adeline Gosset, he studied at this city's Academy of Fine Arts. He adopted the pseudonym André Gill in homage to his hero, James Gillray. Gill began illustrating for...
— French caricaturist
- Manuel de Godoy
Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria was Prime Minister of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808. He received many titles, including Prince of the Peace by which he is widely known....
— Spanish prime minister and court favorite
- Yvan Goll
Yvan Goll, born Isaac Lange , was a French-German poet who was perfectly bilingual and wrote in both French and German...
— French-German poet
- Enrique Gomez Carrillo
Enrique Gómez Carrillo was a Guatemalan literary critic, writer, journalist and diplomat.-External links:* by Gómez Carrillo full text and full page images openly and freely available in the...
- Guatemalan novelist, journalist, war correspondent, chronicler and diplomat 1873 in Guatemala/1927 in France, lived most of his life in Europe; he was the correspondent to important newspapers in Spain and Argentina; published 86 books between novels and chronicles of his journeys to faraway places.
- Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr — French military commander and Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
- Zenobe Gramme
Zénobe Théophile Gramme was a Belgian electrical engineer.In spite of the fact that he was semi-literate and had no advanced knowledge of mathematics, in 1869, he invented the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of generating smoother and much higher voltages than the dynamos...
— Inventor of the Direct CurrentDirect current is the undirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also be through...
(DC) Dynamo. There is a statue on the grave of Zenobe sitting and looking at a dynamo rotor.
- Stéphane Grappelli
Stéphane Grappelli was a French jazz violinist who founded the Quintette du Hot Club de France with guitarist Django Reinhardt in 1934. It was one of the first of all-string jazz bands....
— French jazz violinist and member of the Quintette du Hot Club de France
- Andre Gretry — Belgian-born French composer
- Maurice Grimaud
Maurice Grimaud was the French Prefect of Police, or police chief, of the city of Paris during the May 1968 general strikes and student uprisings. He is credited with avoiding an escalation of violence and bloodshed during May 1968 unrest.Grimaud was born in Annonay, southern France, on November...
— French Prefecture of PoliceThe Prefecture of Police , headed by the Prefect of Police , is an agency of the Government of France which provides the police force for the city of Paris and the surrounding three suburban départements of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne...
during May 1968
- Giulia Grisi
Giulia Grisi was an Italian opera singer.Born in Milan, she was the daughter of one of Napoleon Bonaparte's Italian officers...
— Italian opera singer (May 22, 1811–November 29, 1869), her grave is marked under her married name Giullia de Candia.
- Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari was a French militant, institutional psychotherapist and philosopher, a founder of both schizoanalysis and ecosophy...
— French militant, institutional psychotherapist and philosopher
- Jules Guesde
Jules Basile Guesde was a French socialist journalist and politician.Guesde was the inspiration for a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Shortly before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Guesde and Paul Lafargue, both of whom already claimed to represent "Marxist" principles...
— French statesman
- Yvette Guilbert
Yvette Guilbert was a French cabaret singer and actress of the Belle Époque.-Biography:...
— French singer
- Yılmaz Güney
Yılmaz Güney, was a famous film director, scenarist, novelist and actor of Kurdish descent. Many of his works are devoted to the plight of ordinary, working class people in Turkey...
— Kurdish Turkish actor and film director
- Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin was a French physician who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a mechanical device to carry out death penalties in France. While he did not invent the guillotine, his name became an eponym for it.-Biography:Guillotin composed an essay to obtain the degree of master...
- proposed the guillotine as the official method of execution in France.
H
- Samuel Hahnemann
Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann was a German physician who created homoeopathy now almost universally spelled homeopathy.-Life:...
— German physician, formal founder of homeopathyHomeopathy is a form of alternative medicine, first proposed by German physician Samuel Hahnemann in 1796, that treats patients with heavily diluted preparations which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented...
.
- Georges Haussmann — French civil engineer and town planner
- Jeanne Hébuterne
Jeanne Hébuterne was a French artist, best known as the frequent subject and common-law wife of the artist Amedeo Modigliani.-Early life:...
— French artist and common-law wife of the artist Amedeo ModiglianiAmedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist who worked mainly in France. Primarily a figurative artist, he became known for paintings and sculptures in a modern style characterized by mask-like faces and elongation of form...
.
- Sadegh Hedayat
Sadeq Hedayat was Iran's foremost modern writer of prose fiction and short stories.-Life:...
— IranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanid period and came into international use from 1935, before which the country was known internationally as Persia...
's foremost modern writer of prose fiction and short stories.
- Heloise
Heloise may refer to:* Heloise , student of Abelard* Heloise , advice columnist* Heloise, a main cartoon character from the show Jimmy Two-Shoes...
— French abbess and scholar, best known for her love affair with Peter AbelardPeter Abelard was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian and preeminent logician. The story of his affair with and love for Héloïse has become legendary...
- Ticky Holgado
Ticky Holgado, pseudonym of Joseph Holgado, was a French actor and a frequent collaborator with Jean-Pierre Jeunet....
— French actor
- Jean-Nicolas Huyot
Jean-Nicholas Huyot was a French architect, best known for his 1823 continuation of work on the Arc de Triomphe from the plans of Jean Chalgrin....
— French architect best known for his work on the Arc de TriompheThe Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris, France that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, also known as the "Place de l'Étoile". It is at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. The triumphal arch honors those who fought for France, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. On the...
I
- Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was a French Neoclassical painter. Although he considered himself to be a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, by the end of his life it was Ingres's portraits, both painted and drawn, that were recognized as his greatest...
— French painter
- Jean-Baptiste Isabey
Jean-Baptiste Isabey was a French painter born at Nancy.At nineteen, after some lessons from Dumont, miniature painter to Marie Antoinette, he became a pupil of Jacques-Louis David...
— French painter
J
- Claude Jade
Claude Jade, byname of Claude Marcelle Jorré was a French actress, best known by starring fictional character Christine Darbon-Doinel in François Truffaut's films Baisers volés , Domicile conjugal and L'amour en fuite .-From stage to François Truffaut:The daughter of a professor, she spent three...
— French actress
- Leon Jouhaux
Léon Jouhaux was a French trade union leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951.Jouhaux's father worked in a match factory in Aubervilliers. His secondary schooling ended when his father's earnings were stopped by a strike. He gained employment at the factory at age sixteen and...
— French trade union leader, won the Nobel Peace PrizeThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:...
in 1951
K
- Allan Kardec
Allan Kardec is the pseudonym of the French teacher and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail , who is known today as the systematizer of Spiritism.-Early life:Rivail was born in Lyon in 1804...
— Born Hippolyte Leon Denizard Rivail, he was the founder of SpiritismSpiritism is a philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid-nineteenth century.Spiritism, or French spiritualism, is based on books written by French educator Hypolite Léon Denizard Rivail under the pseudonym Allan Kardec reporting séances in which he observed a series of phenomena that...
.
- Ahmet Kaya
Ahmet Kaya was a Kurdish poet, singer, and a leading artist in Turkey. Some of his most popular songs include "Protect Yourself", "My Heart is Bleeding", "A Strange Man", "Ayrılık Vakti", Koçero, and Ağladıkça .-Career:Ahmet Kaya is the youngest of five children born to a working class Kurdish...
— Kurdish (from Turkey) singer and songwriter
- François Christophe de Kellermann — French military commander and Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
- Thomas Read Kemp
Thomas Read Kemp was an English property developer and politician.He conceived and developed the Regency-style Kemp Town estate in Brighton on the south coast of England. He was Member of Parliament for Lewes from 1811-16 and 1826-37 and for Arundel 1823-26. He fled Britain in 1837 to escape his...
— English property developer and statesman
- Henri Krasucki
Henri Krasucki was a French trade-unionist, former secretary general of the Confédération générale du travail from 1982 to 1992.-Early life :...
— French trade unionist
- Rodolphe Kreutzer
Rodolphe Kreutzer was a French violinist, teacher, conductor, and composer of forty French operas.-Biography:...
— French violinist and composer
L
- Jerome Lalande
Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande was a French astronomer and writer.-Biography:Lalande was born at Bourg-en-Bresse...
— French astronomer and writer
- René Lalique
René Jules Lalique was born in Ay, a small village in the Marne region of France on April 6, 1860, and died May 5, 1945. He was a glass designer, renowned for his stunning creations of perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks and in the latter part of his life, automobile hood ornaments...
— French glass designerStudio glass or glass sculpture is the modern use of glass as an artistic medium to produce sculptures or two-dimensional artworks. Specific approaches include stained glass, working glass in a torch flame , glass beadmaking, glass casting, glass fusing, and, most notably, glass blowing...
- Theophanis Lamboukas
Theophanis Lamboukas, known as Théo Sarapo , was the last husband of the French singer Édith Piaf...
— French actor and singer, husband of Edith PiafÉdith Piaf, born Édith Giovanna Gassion , was a French singer and cultural icon who "is almost universally regarded as France's greatest popular singer." Her singing reflected her life, with her specialty being ballads...
- Dominique Jean Larrey
Dominique Jean Larrey was a French surgeon in Napoleon's army and an important innovator in battlefield medicine.-Biography:...
— French military surgeon
- Clarence John Laughlin
Clarence John Laughlin was a United States photographer best known for his surrealist photographs of the U.S. South.Laughlin was born in to a middle class family in Lake Charles, Louisiana. His rocky childhood, southern heritage, and interest in literature influenced his work greatly...
— American Surrealist photographer from New Orleans, LouisianaThe State of Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state divided into parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...
. His most famous published work was "Ghosts Along the Mississippi".
- Marie Laurencin
Marie Laurencin was a French painter and printmaker.-Biography:Laurencin was born in Paris where she was raised by her mother and lived much of her life. When she was 18 years old, she studied porcelain painting in Sèvres...
— French painter
- Charles-François Lebrun — French statesman
- Alexandre Ledru-Rollin — French politician
- Louis James Alfred Lefébure-Wély
Louis James Alfred Lefébure-Wély was a French organist and composer.Lefébure-Wély played a major role in the development of the French symphonic organ style and was a close friend of the organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, inaugurating many new Cavaillé-Coll organs.He began to study music aged 4...
— French organist and composer
- François Joseph Lefebvre
François Joseph Lefebvre, 1st Duc de Dantzig was Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Wars....
— French military commander and Marshal of FranceThe Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
- Ferdinand de Lesseps
Ferdinand Marie, Vicomte de Lesseps,
GCSI was the French developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas for the first time in 1869, and substantially reduced sailing distances and times between the West and the East.He attempted to repeat this success with...
— French architect, designed the Suez Canal
- Pierre Levegh
Pierre Eugène Alfred Bouillin was a French sportsman and racecar driver. He took the racing name Pierre Levegh in memory of his uncle, a pioneering driver who died in 1904...
— French racing driver killed in the 1955 Le Mans disasterThe 1955 Le Mans disaster occurred during the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans when a racing car involved in an accident flew into the crowd, killing the driver and 84 spectators. 100 people were injured in the accident...
.
- Jean-Francois Lyotard
Jean-François Lyotard was a French philosopher and literary theorist. He is well-known for his articulation of postmodernism after the late 1970s and the analysis of the impact of postmodernity on the human condition....
— French philosopher
M
- Jacques MacDonald — French military commander and Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
- William Madocks
William Alexander Madocks was a landowner and Member of Parliament for the town of Boston in Lincolnshire from 1802 to 1820...
— English landowner and statesman
- Milosz Magin
Milosz Magin was a Polish composer and pianist.Born in Lodz, Poland on the 6th of July 1929, Milosz Magin showed considerable musical abilities from early chilhood. He was a student of piano with Margerita Trombini-Kazuro and composition with both Kazimierz Sikorski and Jan Maklakiewicz; the...
— Polish composer
- Nestor Makhno
Nestor Ivanovych Makhno was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist guerrilla leader turned army commander who led an independent anarchist army in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War....
— Ukrainian revolutionary
- Jacques-Antoine Manuel
Jacques-Antoine Manuel was a French lawyer, politician, and noted orator.-Biography:Jacques-Antoine Manuel was born in the hamlet of La Conchette, in Enchastrayes , near Barcelonette. His family included judges and attorneys who had established careers in the Ubaye Valley...
— French lawyer and statesman
- Auguste Maquet
Auguste Maquet was a French author, best known as the chief collaborator of French novelist Alexandre Dumas, père, co-writing such works as The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers.-Biography:...
— French author
- Marcel Marceau
Marcel Marceau was a French mime artist and actor.-Early years:Marcel Marceau was born in Strasbourg, France, to Anne Werzberg and Charles Mangel. When he was four, the family moved to Lille, but later returned to Strasbourg. When France entered World War II, Marceau, 16, fled with his family to...
— French Mime Artist
- Angelo Mariani
Angelo Mariani or Ange-François Mariani was a French chemist, originally from the island of Corsica. He is most well known as the inventor of the first cocawine, Vin Mariani in 1863. His contribution was to introduce the coca leaf indirectly to the general public...
— French chemist
- Celestine Marie
Célestine Marié , known as Galli-Marié, was a French mezzo-soprano most famous for creating the title rôle in the opera Carmen....
— French opera singer
- André Masséna
Jean-André Masséna 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling was a French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars...
— French military commander and Marshal of France
- Georges Méliès
Georges Méliès , full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest cinema. He was very innovative in the use of special effects...
— French filmmaker; produced A Trip to the Moon
- Emile-Justin Menier
Émile-Justin Menier French pharmaceutical manufacturer, chocolatier, and politician, was born in Paris. In 1853, on the death of his father, Antoine, Émile-Justin Menier inherited a large and successful Parisian company that manufactured a range of medicinal powders.His father's company also...
— French chocolatier
- Henri Menier
Henri Emile Anatole Menier was a French businessman and adventurer and a member of the Menier family of chocolatiers. Born in Paris, he was the son of Emile-Justin Menier and grandson to Antoine Brutus Menier who founded the Menier Chocolate company...
— French chocolatier
- Antoine Brutus Menier
Jean-Antoine Brutus Menier was a French entrepreneur and founder of the Menier family of chocolatiers. Born in Germain-de-Bourgeuil, Indre-et-Loire, he was the third child in a family of merchants. In 1811 Antoine Brutus Menier was enrolled in the La Flèche Military Academy where he studied the...
— French chocolatier
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Maurice Merleau-Ponty was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir...
— French philosopher
- Cleo de Merode
Cléo de Mérode was a French dancer of the Belle Époque.Born Cléopatra Diane de Mérode in Paris, France, she was the daughter of the Austrian landscape painter. Karl Freiherr von Merode . The painter was an offspring of a famous Belgian noble family 'de Mérode'...
— French dancer
- Stuart Merrill
Stuart Fitzrandolph Merrill was an American poet, born in Hempstead, New York, who wrote mostly in the French language. He belonged to the Symbolist school. His principal books of poetry were Les Gammes...
— American symbolist poet
- Charles Messier
Charles Messier was a French astronomer most notable for publishing an astronomical catalogue consisting of deep sky objects such as nebulae and star clusters that came to be known as the 103 "Messier objects"...
— French astronomer, publisher of Messier's catalogue
- Jules Michelet
Jules Michelet was a French historian. He was born in Paris to a family with Huguenot traditions.-Early life:His father was a master printer, not very prosperous, and Jules assisted him in the actual work of the press...
— French historian
- Amedeo Modigliani
Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist who worked mainly in France. Primarily a figurative artist, he became known for paintings and sculptures in a modern style characterized by mask-like faces and elongation of form...
— Italian painter and sculptor. Famous for his intense rivalry with Pablo Picasso.
- Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, mostly known by his stage name Molière, was a French playwright and actor who is considered one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature...
— French playwright
- Gustave de Molinari
Gustave de Molinari was an economist born in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille. Living in Paris, in the 1840s, he took part in the "Ligue pour la Liberté des Échanges" , animated by Frédéric...
— Belgian-born economist associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists.
- Silvia Monfort
Silvia Monfort was a French actress and theatre director...
— French comedienne
- Gaspard Monge
Gaspard Monge, Comte de Péluse , was the a French mathematician and inventor of descriptive geometry.-Biography:...
— French mathematician; remains later moved to the PanthéonThe Panthéon is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France. It was originally built as a church dedicated to St. Genevieve, but after many changes now combines liturgical functions with its role as a famous burial place...
- Yves Montand
Yves Montand was an Italian-born French actor and singer.-Early life:Montand was born Ivo Livi in Monsummano Terme, Italy to Josephine and Giovanni, poor peasants. Montand's family left Italy for France in 1923. He grew up in Marseille, where, as a young man, he worked in his sister's barber...
— film actor
- Jim Morrison
James Douglas "Jim" Morrison was an American singer, songwriter, poet, writer and filmmaker. He was best known as the lead singer and lyricist of The Doors and is widely considered to be one of the most charismatic frontmen in rock music history. He was also the author of several books of poetry ...
— American singer and songwriter with The DoorsThe Doors were an American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, California by vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger. They are considered a controversial and influential band, due mostly to Morrison's cryptic lyrics and unpredictable...
, author, and poet. Permanent crowds and occasional vandalism surrounding this tomb have caused tensions with the families of other, less famous, interred individuals. Many other parts of the cemetery have been defaced with arrows purporting to indicate the direction toward "Jim", though even these defacements have in many cases been defaced themselves, resulting in arrows that point in two directions.
- Jean Moulin
Jean Moulin was a high-profile member of the French Resistance during World War II. He is remembered today as an emblem of the Resistance primarily due to his courage and death at the hands of the Germans.-Before the war:...
— leader of the French ResistanceThe French Resistance is the collective name used for the French resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy Regime during World War II...
during World War II who went missing after his arrest with several other Resistants at Caluire, Lyon in June 1943. Understood to have died on a train not far from Metz station in July that year, ashes 'presumed' to be his were interred at Pere Lachaise after the war and then transferred to the PanthéonThe Panthéon is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France. It was originally built as a church dedicated to St. Genevieve, but after many changes now combines liturgical functions with its role as a famous burial place...
in December 1964.
- Marcel Mouloudji — French singer
- Joachim Murat
Joachim-Napoléon Murat , 1st Prince Murat, Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves, Marshal of France and Admiral of France, was King of Naples from 1808 to 1815. He received his titles in part by being the brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte, through marriage to Napoleon's youngest sister, Caroline...
— French Napoleonic general and Marshal of FranceThe Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
.
- Alfred de Musset
Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist.Along with his poetry, he is known for writing La Confession d'un enfant du siècle from 1836.-Biography:Musset was born on 11 December 1810 in Paris...
— French poet, novelist, dramatist; love affair with George SandAmantine Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness Dudevant , best known by her pseudonym George Sand , was a French novelist. She is considered by some a feminist although she refused to join this movement...
is told from his point of view in his autobiographicalAn autobiography is a book about the life of a person, written by that person.-Origin of the term:...
novel, La Confession d'un Enfant du Siècle
- Nestor Machno — Ukrainian anarchist and revolutionary leader
N
- Felix Nadar
Félix Nadar was the pseudonym of Gaspard-Félix Tournachon , a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist. Some photographs by Nadar are marked "P. Nadar" for "Photographie Nadar" .-Life: born in April 1820 in Paris...
— a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist
- Gérard de Nerval
Gérard de Nerval was the nom-de-plume of the French poet, essayist and translator Gérard Labrunie, one of the most essentially Romantic French poets.- Biography :...
— French poet
- Michel Ney
Michel Ney , 1st Duc d'Elchingen, 1st Prince de la Moskowa , was a French soldier and military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the original 18 Marshals of France created by Napoleon I...
— Marshal of FranceThe Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
who fought in the French Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts declared against Napoleon's French Empire and changing sets of European allies by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played...
- Anna de Noailles — French poetess
- Charles Nodier
Charles Nodier , was a French author who introduced a younger generation of Romanticists to the conte fantastique, gothic literature, vampire tales, and the importance of dreams as part of literary creation, and whose career as a librarian is often underestimated by literary historians.-Early...
— French writer
- Victor Noir
Victor Noir, , was a French journalist who is famous for the manner of his death and its political consequences...
— journalist killed by Pierre Napoleon BonapartePierre-Napoléon Bonaparte was born in Rome, Italy, the son of Lucien Bonaparte and his second wife Alexandrine de Bleschamp....
in a dispute over a duel with Paschal GroussetJean François Paschal Grousset was a French politician, journalist, translator and science fiction writer. Grousset published under the pseudonyms of André Laurie, Philippe Daryl, Tiburce Moray and Léopold Virey.Grousset was born in Corte, Corsica, and studied medicine before commencing a...
. The tomb, designed by Jules DalouAimé-Jules Dalou was a French sculptor, recognized as one of the most brilliant virtuosos of nineteenth-century France, admired for his perceptiveness, execution, and unpretentious realism.- Life :...
is notable for the realistic portrayal of the dead Noir, and for the fact that he appears to be at least partially sexually aroused, his large penis pushing his part-unbuttoned fly open. In consequence, the sculpture has become a fertility symbol. His lips are kissed, the genital area is rubbed and flowers are left in his hat. In 2005 a fence was erected around his tomb to prevent people rubbing the said area, as this was damaging the sculpture, but it has subsequently been removed.
- Cyprian Norwid
Cyprian Kamil Norwid, a.k.a. Cyprian Konstanty Norwid is a nationally esteemed Polish poet, dramatist, painter, and sculptor. He was born in the Masovian village of Laskowo-Głuchy near Warsaw. Norwid is regarded as one of the second generation of romantics...
— Polish poet
O
- Pascale Ogier
Pascale Ogier was a French actress.Born Pascale Marguerite Nicolas in Paris, she was the daughter of a musician father and French actress Bulle Ogier. Pascale also chose an acting career, first with appearances on stage...
— French actress
- Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione — famous Italian courtesan
- Max Ophuls
Max Ophüls was an influential German-born film director who worked in Germany, the United States and France. He made nearly thirty films.-Film career:...
— German film director
- Andranik Toros Ozanian
Andranik Toros Ozanian / Antranig Toros Ozanian, Zoravar Andranik / Zoravar Antranig, was an Armenian general, political and public activist and freedom fighter, greatly admired as a national hero.-Early Age:Andranik Ozanian was born in the church quarter of Şebinkarahisar, Ottoman Armenia...
— Armenian military commander and statesman
P
- Antoine Parmentier — French agronomist known for enunciating the dietary value of potatoes
- Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes
Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes was a French admiral and senator.- Life :Born into an aristocratic family, Alexandre was the nephew of the mathematician Marc-Antoine Parseval and the Académicien François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison...
- French admiral
- François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison
François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison was a French poet. He was the eleventh occupant of the Académie française seat 1 in 1811. He is buried in Pere-Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.- References :*...
- French poet, uncle of the above
- Christine Pascal
Christine Pascal was a French actress, writer and director.Born in Lyon, Rhône, Pascal made her film debut at 21 in Michel Mitrani's Les Guichet des Louvres , and began an association with Bertrand Tavernier with her next film, L'Horloger de Saint Paul...
— French actress
- Adelina Patti
Adelina Patti was one of the most highly regarded opera singers of the 19th century, earning huge fees at the height of her career....
— SpanishSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
[The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...]
-born opera singer
- Robert Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke
Robert Henry Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke and 9th Earl of Montgomery was a British nobleman in line for great estates and position as head of the distinguished Herbert family and heir to the earldom of Pembroke, but lived an irregular life in exile after a dissolute youth.-Early years:Herbert...
— English aristocrat
- Casimir Perier — French statesman
- Michel Petrucciani
Michel Petrucciani , was a French jazz pianist.-Biography:Michel Petrucciani came from an Italo-French family with a musical background. His father Tony played guitar and his brother Louis played bass...
— French Jazz pianist
- Édith Piaf
Édith Piaf, born Édith Giovanna Gassion , was a French singer and cultural icon who "is almost universally regarded as France's greatest popular singer." Her singing reflected her life, with her specialty being ballads...
— French singer
- Christian Pineau
Christian Pineau was a noted French Resistance fighter.He was born in Chaumont-en-Bassigny, Haute-Marne, France and died in Paris....
— French statesman
- Roland Piquepaille
Roland Piquepaille was a technology writer, both for ZDNet and for his own blog, Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends, a former software engineer at Silicon Graphics and Cray Research...
— French technology writer
- Camille Pissarro
Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist painter. His importance resides not only in his visual contributions to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, but also in his patriarchal standing among his colleagues, particularly Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin.-Early life and work:Jacob-Abraham-Camille...
— French Impressionist painter
- Ignace Pleyel — pianist
- Elvira Popescu
Elvira Popescu or, in French, Elvire Popesco was a Romanian-born French stage and movie actress and theatre director.- Life and career :...
— RomaniaRomania is a country located in Southeastern and Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory...
n-born actress
- Francis Poulenc
Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc was a French composer and a member of the French group Les Six. He composed music in all major genres, including art song, chamber music, oratorio, opera, ballet music, and orchestral music...
— French composer
- Antoine-Augustin Préault
- Biography :Antoine-Augustin Préault was a French sculptor of the Romanticism movement. Born in the Marais district of Paris, his name is often recorded as Auguste Préault by which he was known during his lifetime.A student of David d'Angers, Préault first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1833...
— French sculptor
- Marcel Proust
Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust was a French novelist, essayist, and critic, best known as the author of À la recherche du temps perdu , a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction published in seven parts from 1913 to...
— French novelist, essayist and critic
- Pierre-Paul Prud'hon — French painter
R
- Mademoiselle Rachel
Elisabeth "Eliza, or Élisa" Rachel Félix , better known only as Mademoiselle Rachel , was a French actress....
— French actress
- François-Vincent Raspail
François-Vincent Raspail was a French chemist, naturalist, physiologist, and socialist politician.-Biography:...
— French scientist and statesman; remains later moved to the PanthéonThe Panthéon is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France. It was originally built as a church dedicated to St. Genevieve, but after many changes now combines liturgical functions with its role as a famous burial place...
- Henri de Regnier
Henri François Joseph de Régnier was a French symbolist poet considered one of the foremost of France during the early 20th century....
— French poet
- Norbert Rillieux
Norbert Rillieux , an American inventor and engineer, is most noted for his invention of the multiple-effect evaporator, an energy-efficient means of evaporating water. This invention was an important development in the growth of the sugar industry...
— American engineer, invented the multiple-effect evaporatorA multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water. In a multiple-effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last...
- Étienne-Gaspard Robert
Étienne-Gaspard Robert , often known by the stage name of "Robertson", was a prominent Belgian stage magician and influential developer of phantasmagoria. He was described by Charles Dickens as "an honourable and well-educated showman"...
— Belgian magician who performed under the stage name of Robertson
- Jacob Roblès — Famous grave for the medallion Silence by Auguste Préault
- Georges Rodenbach
Georges Raymond Constantin Rodenbach was a Belgian Symbolist poet and novelist.- Biography :...
— Belgian poet
- Jules Romains
Jules Romains, born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule , was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play Dr...
— French writer
- Gioachino Rossini — Italian composer. In 1887, Rossini's remains were moved back to Florence, but the crypt that once housed them (now dedicated to his memory) still stands in Perè Lachaise.
- Edmond James de Rothschild
Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his genorous donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years which helped lead to the establishment of the State of Israel.- Early years :A...
— Baron of the Rothschild family
- Salomon James de Rothschild
Salomon James de Rothschild was the fourth child of James Mayer de Rothschild, head of the Paris branch of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers.- Misspent Youth :...
— son of James de Rothschild
- Raymond Roussel
Raymond Roussel was a French poet, novelist, playwright, musician, and chess enthusiast. Through his novels, poems, and plays he exerted a profound influence on certain groups within 20th century French literature, including the Surrealists, Oulipo, and the authors of the nouveau...
— writer
S
- Gholam Hossein Saedi; Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanid period and came into international use from 1935, before which the country was known internationally as Persia...
ian socialist novelist and playwright
- Countess Consuelo de Saint-Exupéry
Consuelo de Saint Exupéry was a Salvadoran-French writer and artist, and wife of the famous writer and aviator Antoine de Saint Exupéry....
— SalvadoranEl Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as does Nicaragua further south. It has a population of approximately 5.7 million people as of 2009 on...
writer, wife of Antoine de Saint-ExupéryAntoine de Saint Exupéry was a French writer and aviator. He is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince, and for his books about aviation adventures, including Night Flight and Wind, Sand and Stars....
- Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire may refer to:* Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , French naturalist* Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , French zoologist who coined the term ethology, son of Étienne Saint-Hilaire...
— French naturalist
- Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon
Note: This article is almost entirely based on, and includes large transcripts from, Thomas Kirkup, 'History of Socialism', London, 1892.Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon, often referred to as Henri de Saint-Simon was a French utopian socialist thinker.-Early years:Saint-Simon was born...
— French sociologist who founded the "Saint-Simonian" movement
- Henri Salvador
Henri Salvador was a French singer.-Biography:Salvador was born in Cayenne, French Guiana. His father, Clovis, and his mother, Antonine Paterne, daughter of a native Indian from the Caribbean, were both from Guadeloupe, France. He had a brother, André, and a sister, Alice.He began his musical...
— French singer
- Yuliya Samoylova
Countess Yuliya Pavlovna Samoylova was a granddaughter of Count Martyn Skavronskiy and the last scion of Skavronskiy family. She was born to Pavel Pahlen and Mariya Skavronskaya, but grew up in the house of Count Yuliy Litta due to early death of her mother...
— Russian aristocrat
- Jean-Baptiste Say
Jean-Baptiste Say was a French economist and businessman. He had classically liberal views and argued in favour of competition, free trade, and lifting restraints on business. He originated Say's law, which is often quoted as "supply creates its own demand".-Biography:J. B. Say was born in Lyon...
; French economist
- Victor Schoelcher
Victor Schoelcher was a French abolitionist writer in the 1800s and the main spokesman for a group from Paris who worked for the abolition of slavery, and formed an abolition society in 1834...
— French statesman known for the abolition of slavery
- Georges-Pierre Seurat
Georges-Pierre Seurat[p] was a French painter and draftsman. His large work A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte , his most famous painting, altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-impressionism, and is one of the icons of 19th century painting.-Life:Seurat...
— French painter of Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande JatteA Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte - 1884 is one of Georges Seurat's most famous works, and is an example of pointillism....
, and father of neoimpressionism
- Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès or Abbe Sieyes was a French Roman Catholic abbé and clergyman, one of the chief theorists of the French Revolution, French Consulate, and First French Empire...
— French clergyman, philosopher and statesman
- Simone Signoret
Simone Signoret was a French cinema actress often hailed as one of France's greatest movie stars. She became the first French person to win an Academy Award, for her role in Room at the Top...
— Academy-award winning French actress.
- William Sidney Smith — British admiral of whom Napoleon Bonaparte said, "That man made me miss my destiny".
- Paul Signac
Paul Signac was a French neo-impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the pointillist style.-Biography:...
— French painter
- Serge Alexandre Stavisky — French financier
- Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein was an American writer who spent most of her life in France, and who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. Her life was marked by two primary relationships, the first with her brother Leo Stein, from 1874-1914 , and the second with Alice B...
— American author
- Elisabeta Alexandrovna Stroganova
Baronness Elisabeta Alexandrovna Stroganova was a Russian aristocrat of the Stroganov family....
— Francophile Russian aristocrat
- Louis Gabriel Suchet
Louis Gabriel Suchet, 1st Duc d'Albufera was a Marshal of France and one of Napoleon's most brilliant generals.-Early career:...
— French military commander and Marshal of FranceThe Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
T
- Eugenia Tadolini
Eugenia Tadolini was an Italian operatic soprano. Admired for the beauty of her voice and stage presence, she was one of Donizetti's favourite singers. During her career she created over 20 leading roles, including the title roles in Donizetti's Linda di Chamounix and Maria di Rohan and Verdi's...
— Italian opera singer
- François Joseph Talma - French actor
- Pierre Alexandre Tardieu
Pierre Alexandre Tardieu was a French engraver. He was a member of the Institut de France, the Saint Petersburg Academy and the Academy of Milan. His students included Auguste Gaspard Louis Desnoyers...
— French engraver
- Gerda Taro
Gerda Taro was a Jewish German war photographer, and the companion and professional partner of photographer Robert Capa...
— German war photographer and the great love of Robert CapaRobert Capa , born Endre Ernő Friedmann , was a 20th century combat photographer and photojournalist who covered five different wars: the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II across Europe, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and the First Indochina War...
, also one of the iconographers of the Spanish Civil War. The monument is by Alberto GiacomettiAlberto Giacometti was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, and printmaker. Alberto Giacometti was born in October 1901 in Italian-speaking Switzerland and came from an artistic background - his father, Giovanni, was a well known Post-Impressionist painter...
.
- Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata — Indian aviation
Aviation is the activity involving man-made air-borne flying devices , including the people, organizations, and regulatory bodies involved with them.- History :...
pioneer and industrialist
- Tapa Tchermoeff
Abdul "Tapa" Midgit Bey Ortsa Tchermoeff was the first and last Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. He was in office from May 11, 1918 until the entire government was forced into exile by the advancing Bolsheviks in 1921...
- First Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern CaucasusThe Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was a short-lived state situated in the Northern Caucasus...
- Thomas Tellefsen
Thomas Dyke Acland Tellefsen was a Norwegian pianist and composer.Thomas Tellefsen was born in Trondheim, Norway, where he studied with his father, the organist Johan Christian Tellefsen, and with Ole Andreas Lindeman. Thomas gave his first public concert in his home town at age 18...
— Norwegian pianist and composer
- Ruben Ter Minasian
Ruben Ter Minassian was born in 1882 in Akhalkalak, Georgiato parents who had migrated from Erzerum. Higher education at Gevorgian seminary, Echmiadzin and Lazarian Institute, Moscow. Returned to the Caucasus in 1903. He was an Armenian Revolutionary and later, a politician...
— ArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n politician and a revolutionary, member of Armenian Revolutionary FederationThe Armenian Revolutionary Federation is an Armenian political party founded in Tiflis in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian...
ARF-Science and medicine:* Acute renal failure* Acute respiratory failure* Acute rheumatic fever* ADP ribosylation factor, ADP-ribosylation factor, a small GTP-binding protein...
Tashnag
- Adolphe Thiers
Louis-Adolphe was a French politician and historian. was a prime minister under King Louis-Philippe of France. Following the overthrow of the Second Empire he again came to prominence as the French leader who suppressed the revolutionary Paris Commune of 1871...
— French historian and statesman
- Maurice Thorez
thumb|A Soviet stamp depicting Maurice ThorezMaurice Thorez was a French politician and longtime leader of the French Communist Party from 1930 until his death. He also served as vice premier of France from 1946 to 1947....
— French Communist politician
- Isaac Titsingh
Isaac Titsingh FRS was a Dutch surgeon, scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador. During a long career in East Asia, Titsingh was a senior official of the Dutch East India Company...
— Dutch surgeon, scholar, VOCThe Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia. It was the first multinational corporation in the world and the first company to issue stock...
trader, ambassador to Qing ChinaThe Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912...
and Tokugawa JapanThe , or , is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 and is the premodern era. The period marks the governance of the Edo or Tokugawa shogunate, which was officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period ended with the Meiji Restoration, the...
- Alice B. Toklas
Alice B. Toklas was the life partner of writer Gertrude Stein.-Early life, relationship with Gertrude Stein:...
— American author, partner of Gertrude SteinGertrude Stein was an American writer who spent most of her life in France, and who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. Her life was marked by two primary relationships, the first with her brother Leo Stein, from 1874-1914 , and the second with Alice B...
, Toklas's name and information is etched on the other side of Stein's gravestone in the same sparse style and font. As they were inseparable in life, so too are they in death.
- Marie Trintignant
Marie Trintignant was a French actress.-Early life:She was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, the daughter of actor Jean-Louis Trintignant and his second wife Nadine Marquand. She first appeared on screen aged 4 in My Love, My Love, her mother's film...
— French actress
- Maurice Tourneur
Maurice Tourneur, born February 2, 1873 – died August 4, 1961, was an important international film director and screenwriter.Born Maurice Thomas in the Belleville district of Paris, France, his father was a jeweler. As a young man, Maurice Thomas first trained as a graphic designer and a...
— French film director
- Rafael Leónidas Trujillo
Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina or "El Jefe" ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until his assassination in 1961. He officially served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of his tenure in office as an unelected military strongman...
— former dictator of the Dominican Republic
- Ramfis Trujillo
Lieutenant General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Martínez in Madrid, Spain), better known as Ramfis Trujillo, was the son of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina and María Martínez...
— Lt. Gen. in the Dominican Republic, son of dictator Gen. Trujillo
V
- Paul Vaillant-Couturier
Paul Vaillant-Couturier was a French author, journalist and politician. He studied history and law but very early, in 1912, he began writing...
— French political journalist
- Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes
Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes was a French painter.Valenciennes worked in Rome from 1778 to 1782, where he made a number of landscape studies directly from nature, sometimes painting the same set of trees or house at different times of day...
— French painter
- Jules Valles
Jules Vallès was a French journalist and author.-Early life:Vallès was born in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire. His father was a supervisor of studies , later a teacher, and unfaithful to Jules' mother. Jules was a brilliant student...
— French writer
- Louis Verneuil
Louis Jacques Marie Collin du Bocage , better known by the pen name Louis Verneuil, was a French playwright, screenwriter, and actor.Born in Paris, Verneuil wrote approximately sixty plays and was best known for comedy...
— French playwright
- Claude Victor-Perrin — French military commander and Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
- Louis Visconti — French architect best known for designing the modern Louvre
The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre, or simply the Louvre — is the largest national museum of France, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a central landmark of Paris, located on the Right Bank of the...
and Napoleon's tomb at Les InvalidesLes Invalides in Paris, France, is a complex of buildings in the city's 7th arrondissement containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans, the building's original purpose...
- Dominique Vivant, Baron de Denon — French artist, writer, diplomat and archaeologist. Located close to Frederick Chopin's grave.
W
- Marie, Countess Walewski
Countess Marie Walewska, née Łączyńska was a Polish countess. In 1806, aged twenty and married to Count Athenasius Walewski, she met French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and became his mistress. The relationship continued through Napoleon's divorce and remarriage to Marie Louise of Austria...
— Napoleon's mistress, credited for persing Napoleon to take important pro-Polish decisions during the Napoleonic Wars. Only her heart is entombed here; her other remains were returned to her native Poland.
- Sir Richard Wallace — English art collector and philanthropist
- Eduard Wiiralt
Eduard Wiiralt was an Estonian artist.Eduard Wiiralt was born near St. Petersburg as the son of Estonian parents who worked on a Russian country estate...
— EstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russian Federation...
n artist
- Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish playwright, poet and author of numerous short stories and one novel. Known for his biting wit, he became one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London, and one of the greatest "celebrities" of his day...
— IrishIreland is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland, separated by the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain...
novelist, poet and playwright. By tradition, Wilde's admirers kiss the art-deco monument while wearing lipstick.
- Jeanette Wohl
Jeanette Wohl was a longtime friend and correspondent of Ludwig Börne. She inherited the rights to his literary works after his death and edited his works...
— French literary editor, longtime friend and correspondent of Ludwig Börne
- Richard Wright
Richard Nathaniel Wright was an African-American author.-Early life:Wright, the grandson of former slaves, was born on the Rucker plantation in Roxie, Mississippi, in Franklin County, just outside of Natchez....
— African-American author, wrote Native SonNative Son is a novel by American author Richard Wright. The novel tells the story of 20-year old Bigger Thomas, an African American living in utter poverty. Bigger lived in Chicago's South Side ghetto in the 1930s...
and other American classics
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