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Oxoacid
 
 
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An oxoacid is an acid
Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
 which contains oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
. More specifically, it is an acid which:
  1. contains oxygen;
  2. contains at least one other element
    Chemical element

    A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
    ;
  3. has at least one hydrogen
    Hydrogen

    Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
     atom bound to oxygen; and
  4. forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.
The name oxyacid is sometimes used, although this is not recommended.

Generally, oxoacids are simply polyatomic ions with a hydrogen cation.

Under Lavoisier's original theory
Acid-base reaction theories

An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base . Several concepts exist which provide alternative definitions for the reaction mechanisms involved and their application in solving related problems....
, all acids contained oxygen, which was named from the Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 ???? (oxys) (acid, sharp) and ?e???ľa? (geinomai) (engender).






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An oxoacid is an acid
Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
 which contains oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
. More specifically, it is an acid which:
  1. contains oxygen;
  2. contains at least one other element
    Chemical element

    A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
    ;
  3. has at least one hydrogen
    Hydrogen

    Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
     atom bound to oxygen; and
  4. forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.
The name oxyacid is sometimes used, although this is not recommended.

Generally, oxoacids are simply polyatomic ions with a hydrogen cation.

Under Lavoisier's original theory
Acid-base reaction theories

An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base . Several concepts exist which provide alternative definitions for the reaction mechanisms involved and their application in solving related problems....
, all acids contained oxygen, which was named from the Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 ???? (oxys) (acid, sharp) and ?e???ľa? (geinomai) (engender). It was later discovered that some acids, notably hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
, did not contain oxygen and so acids were divided into oxoacids and these new hydracids.

Examples of oxoacids:
  • Carboxylic acid
    Carboxylic acid

    Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
    s
  • Sulfuric acid
    Sulfuric acid

    Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
  • Nitric acid
    Nitric acid

    Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
  • Phosphoric acid
    Phosphoric acid

    Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula Hydrogen3PhosphorusOxygen4....
  • Halogen oxoacids: Hypochlorous acid
    Hypochlorous acid

    Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid with the chemical formula HClO. It bonds when chlorine dissolves in water. It cannot be isolated in pure form due to rapid equilibration with its precursor ....
    ; Chlorous acid
    Chlorous acid

    Chlorous acid is a chemical compound with the formula HClO2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine possesses oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid and chloric acid ....
    ; Chloric acid
    Chloric acid

    Chloric acid, HydrogenChlorineOxygen3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid and oxidizing agent....
    ; Perchloric acid
    Perchloric acid

    Perchloric acid, HClO4, is an oxoacid of chlorine and is a colorless liquid soluble in water . It is a strong acid comparable in strength to sulfuric acid and nitric acids....
    ; Perbromic acid
    Perbromic acid

    The compound perbromic acid, HBrO4, is an oxygen acid of bromine. Other names include hydroxy-?7-bromanetrione and hydroxidotrioxidobromine....
    ; Metaperiodic acid


Examples of non-oxoacids (hydracids):
  • Hydrochloric acid
    Hydrochloric acid

    Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
  • Hydrofluoric acid
    Hydrofluoric acid

    Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. While it is extremely corrosive and dangerous to handle, it is technically a weak acid....
  • Hydrobromic acid
    Hydrobromic acid

    Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid acid formed by dissolving the diatomic molecule hydrogen bromide in water. It has a Acid dissociation constant of −9, making it a stronger acid than hydrochloric acid, but not as strong as hydrogen iodide....
  • Hydroiodic acid


All oxoacids have the acidic hydrogen bound to an oxygen atom, so bond strength (length) is not a factor as it is with binary nonmetal hydrides. Rather, the electronegativity of the central atom (E) and the number of O atoms determine oxoacid acidity. With the same central atom E, acid strength increases as the number of oxygen attached to E increases. With the same number of oxygens around E, acid strength increases with the electronegativity of E.

Note

  1. This final criterion has the effect of excluding boric acid
    Boric acid

    Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a weak acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds....
     from the strict definition, as it forms its anion by addition of hydroxide rather than loss of a proton: B(OH)3 + H2O  [B(OH)4]− + H+. However, boric acid is usually considered to be an oxoacid nonetheless.


See also

  • Strong Acid
    Strong acid

    A strong acid is an acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution , or in other terms, with a acid dissociation constant < -1.74. This generally means that in aqueous solution at standard temperature and pressure, the concentration of hydronium ions is equal to the concentration of strong acid introduced to the solution....
  • Weak Acid
    Weak acid

    A weak acid is an acid that dissociates incompletely and does not release all of its hydrogens in a solution i.e it does not completely donate all of its protons....
  • Electronegativity
    Electronegativity

    Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond....


External links

  • (from the "Gold Book")