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Outremer, French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 (outre-mer) for "overseas", was the general name given to the Crusader states
Crusader states

The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century Feudalism states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land ....
 established after the First Crusade
First Crusade

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. The Emperor requested that western volunteers come to their aid and repel the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, Modern day Turkey....
: the County of Edessa
County of Edessa

The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity: Edessa, Mesopotamia....
, the Principality of Antioch
Principality of Antioch

The Principality of Antioch, including parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria, was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade....
, the County of Tripoli
County of Tripoli

The County of Tripoli, Lebanon was the last Crusader state founded in the Levant, located in what today is known as northern Lebanon, where exists the modern city of Tripoli, Lebanon....
 and especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christianity kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, Israel, was destroyed by the Mamluks....
. The name was often used as an equivalent to Levant
Levant

The Levant describes, traditionally, the Eastern Mediterranean at large, but can be used as a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia formed by the lands bordering the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean, roughly bounded on the north by the Taurus Mountains, on the south by the Arabian Desert, and on the west by the M...
, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 or Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
, and incorporated areas that are today part of Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and Lebanon
Lebanon

Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
.

The term could also be used for any other land "overseas"; Louis IV of France
Louis IV of France

File:Louis IV denier Chinon 936 954.jpgLouis IV , called d'Outremer or Transmarinus , reigned as List of French monarchs from 936 to 954....
 was called "Louis d'Outremer" as he was raised in England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
.

The modern term outre-mer means overseas, and is notably used for the French Overseas Departments and Territories
French overseas departments and territories

The French Overseas Departments and Territories consist broadly of France-administered territories outside of the European continent. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France , and the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament....
 (départements d'outre-mer et territoires d'outre-mer).








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Reconstruction of the Temple of Jerusalem
Outremer, French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 (outre-mer) for "overseas", was the general name given to the Crusader states
Crusader states

The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century Feudalism states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land ....
 established after the First Crusade
First Crusade

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. The Emperor requested that western volunteers come to their aid and repel the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, Modern day Turkey....
: the County of Edessa
County of Edessa

The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity: Edessa, Mesopotamia....
, the Principality of Antioch
Principality of Antioch

The Principality of Antioch, including parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria, was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade....
, the County of Tripoli
County of Tripoli

The County of Tripoli, Lebanon was the last Crusader state founded in the Levant, located in what today is known as northern Lebanon, where exists the modern city of Tripoli, Lebanon....
 and especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christianity kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, Israel, was destroyed by the Mamluks....
. The name was often used as an equivalent to Levant
Levant

The Levant describes, traditionally, the Eastern Mediterranean at large, but can be used as a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia formed by the lands bordering the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean, roughly bounded on the north by the Taurus Mountains, on the south by the Arabian Desert, and on the west by the M...
, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 or Palestine
Palestine

Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....
, and incorporated areas that are today part of Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and Lebanon
Lebanon

Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
.

The term could also be used for any other land "overseas"; Louis IV of France
Louis IV of France

File:Louis IV denier Chinon 936 954.jpgLouis IV , called d'Outremer or Transmarinus , reigned as List of French monarchs from 936 to 954....
 was called "Louis d'Outremer" as he was raised in England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
.

The modern term outre-mer means overseas, and is notably used for the French Overseas Departments and Territories
French overseas departments and territories

The French Overseas Departments and Territories consist broadly of France-administered territories outside of the European continent. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France , and the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament....
 (départements d'outre-mer et territoires d'outre-mer).

Cultural impact

The author Chaz Brenchley
Chaz Brenchley

Chaz Brenchley is a United Kingdom writer of novels and short stories, associated with the genres of Horror fiction, crime and fantasy.Winner of the British Fantasy Society's August Derleth Award in 1998 for Light Errant , he has also published three books for children and more than 500 short stories in various genres....
 set his series The Books of Outremer in an alternate universe
Parallel universe (fiction)

Parallel universe or alternative reality is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own. A specific group of parallel universes is called a multiverse , although this term can also be used to describe the possible parallel universes that comprise physical reality....
 version of this region.

See also

  • French overseas departments and territories
    French overseas departments and territories

    The French Overseas Departments and Territories consist broadly of France-administered territories outside of the European continent. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France , and the right to vote in elections to the European Parliament....
  • The Holy Places