Outline of Northern Cyprus
Encyclopedia
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Northern Cyprus or North Cyprus , officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , is a self-declared state that comprises the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus...
(TRNC) is a de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
independent republic on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
. Officially it is the northern territory of the Republic of Cyprus. The TRNC declared independence in 1983, nine years after a Greek Cypriot coup
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
attempting to annex the island to Greece triggered an invasion
Turkish invasion of Cyprus
The Turkish invasion of Cyprus, launched on 20 July 1974, was a Turkish military invasion in response to a Greek military junta backed coup in Cyprus...
by Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. It has received diplomatic recognition
Embassy of Turkey in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
The Embassy of Turkey to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is located in the Turkish Sector of Nicosia, just outside the walls of the Old City...
only from Turkey, on which it is dependent for economic, political and military support. The rest of the international community, including the United Nations and European Union, recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
over the whole island.
The TRNC extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula
Karpass Peninsula
The Karpass Peninsula , also known as Karpasia or Kırpaşa is a long, finger-like peninsula that is one of the most prominent geographical features of the island of Cyprus. Its farthest extent is Cape Apostolos Andreas, and its major population centre is the town of Rizokarpaso...
(Cape Apostolos Andreas
Cape Apostolos Andreas
Cape Apostolos Andreas is the north-easternmost point of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus . It lies at the tip of the finger-like Karpass Peninsula.The famous Apostolos Andreas Monastery is located just south of the promontory itself....
) in the northeast, westward to Morphou Bay
Morphou Bay
Morphou Bay , is a part of the Mediterranean Sea, located on the North Western side of the island of Cyprus. It is named after the nearby inland town of Morphou . The bay forms the westernmost seaboard of the break-away Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which claims the bay as its own...
and Cape Kormakitis
Cape Kormakitis
Cape Kormakitis is a promontory on the north-western coast of the Mediterranean island country of Cyprus. Named after the nearby Maronite village of the same name, the cape marks the northernmost extent of Morphou Bay. The nearest coastal town to Cape Kormakitis is Kyrenia....
(the Kokkina/Erenköy exclave marks the westernmost extent of the TRNC), and southward to the village of Louroujina/Akıncılar
Louroujina Salient
The Louroujina Salient marks the southernmost extent of North Cyprus. It is named after the Turkish Cypriot village of Louroujina. Akıncılar was one of the biggest Turkish Cypriot villages in Cyprus before the division of the island....
. The no man's land
No man's land
No man's land is a term for land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties that leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms...
or buffer zone
United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus
The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus runs for more than along what is known as the Green Line and has an area of . The zone partitions the island of Cyprus into a southern area effectively controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus , and the northern area...
stretching between the two areas is under the control of the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
.
In 1974, Turkey led a land invasion of Northern Cyprus with the aim of protecting the Turkish minority population after a Greek-inspired coup brought a threat of union of the island with Greece. However, the Greek Cypriots regard the Turkish army as an illegal occupation force; its presence has also been denounced by the United Nations in several United Nations Security Council resolutions. Attempts to reach a solution to the dispute have so far been unsuccessful. Efforts to find a solution are ongoing. In 2004 the 5th revision of UN
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Annan Plan
Annan Plan for Cyprus
The Annan Plan was a United Nations proposal to resolve the Cyprus dispute, reuniting the breakaway Northern Cyprus with the Republic of Cyprus. The proposal was to restructure Cyprus as the "United Cyprus Republic", which would be a federation of two states. It was revised a number of times before...
to settle the Cyprus dispute
Cyprus dispute
The Cyprus dispute is the result of the ongoing conflict between the Republic of Cyprus and Turkey, over the Turkish occupied northern part of Cyprus....
was accepted by a majority of Turkish Cypriots
Turkish Cypriots
Turkish Cypriots are the ethnic Turks and members of the Turkish-speaking ethnolinguistic community of the Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The term is used to refer explicitly to the indigenous Turkish Cypriots, whose Ottoman Turkish forbears colonised the island in 1571...
in a referendum, but did not gain the support of the majority of Greek Cypriots
Greek Cypriots
Greek Cypriots are the ethnic Greek population of Cyprus, forming the island's largest ethnolinguistic community at 77% of the population. Greek Cypriots are mostly members of the Church of Cyprus, an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Orthodox Christianity...
.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Northern Cyprus:
General reference
- PronunciationInternational Phonetic AlphabetThe International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
: - Common English country name: Northern Cyprus
- Official English country name: The Turkish Republic of Northern CyprusTurkish Republic of Northern CyprusNorthern Cyprus or North Cyprus , officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , is a self-declared state that comprises the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus...
- Common endonym(s): Kuzey Kıbrıs
- Official endonym(s): Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti
- Adjectival(s):
- Demonym(s):
- EtymologyEtymologyEtymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
: Name of Northern Cyprus - ISO country codes: See the Outline of Cyprus
- ISO region codes: See the Outline of Cyprus
- InternetInternetThe Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
country code top-level domainCountry code top-level domainA country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
: See the Outline of Cyprus
Geography of Northern Cyprus
- Location:
- Northern HemisphereNorthern HemisphereThe Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
and Eastern HemisphereEastern HemisphereThe Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180° longitude. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, vis-à-vis the Western Hemisphere, which includes... - Atlantic OceanAtlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
- Mediterranean SeaMediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...
- Cyprus IslandCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
(which it shares with the Republic of CyprusCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
)
- Cyprus Island
- Mediterranean Sea
- EurasiaEurasiaEurasia is a continent or supercontinent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia ; covering about 52,990,000 km2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
(though not on the mainlandMainlandMainland is a name given to a large landmass in a region , or to the largest of a group of islands in an archipelago. Sometimes its residents are called "Mainlanders"...
)- EuropeEuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
- Southern EuropeSouthern EuropeThe term Southern Europe, at its most general definition, is used to mean "all countries in the south of Europe". However, the concept, at different times, has had different meanings, providing additional political, linguistic and cultural context to the definition in addition to the typical...
- Cyprus IslandCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
(which it shares with the Republic of CyprusCyprusCyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
)
- Southern Europe
- Europe
- Mediterranean BasinMediterranean BasinIn biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation...
- Time zoneTime zoneA time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
: Eastern European TimeEastern European TimeEastern European Time is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in some European countries that also use Eastern European Summer Time as a summer daylight saving time.- Usage :...
(UTC+02), Eastern European Summer TimeEastern European Summer TimeEastern European Summer Time is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in some European, North African, and Middle Eastern countries...
(UTC+03) - Extreme points of Northern CyprusExtreme points of Northern CyprusThe Extreme points of Northern Cyprus is a term used to describe the most notable places which are closest to the most northerly, southerly, easterly and westerly areas of North Cyprus, the northern third of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus...
- Northern Hemisphere
- Population of Northern Cyprus:
- Area of Northern Cyprus: 3,355 km2
- Atlas of Northern Cyprus
Environment of Northern Cyprus
- Climate of Northern Cyprus
Natural geographic features of Northern Cyprus
- World Heritage Sites in Northern Cyprus: None
Ecoregions of Northern Cyprus
- Karpaz Peninsula, the area around Cape Apostolos AndreasCape Apostolos AndreasCape Apostolos Andreas is the north-easternmost point of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus . It lies at the tip of the finger-like Karpass Peninsula.The famous Apostolos Andreas Monastery is located just south of the promontory itself....
has been declared as a national park.
Administrative divisions of Northern Cyprus
- Districts of Northern CyprusDistricts of Northern CyprusThe Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is divided into five districts. The districts are also divided into sub-districts. Each district is governed by a kaymakam....
- Lefkoşa DistrictLefkoşa DistrictLefkoşa District is a district of Northern Cyprus. It is divided into two sub-districts: Lefkoşa Sub-district and Değirmenlik Sub-district. Its population was 84,776 in 2006. Its kaymakam is Müslüm Aykılıç....
- Gazimağusa DistrictGazimağusa DistrictGazimağusa District is a district of Northern Cyprus. It is divided into three sub-districts: Mağusa Sub-district, Akdoğan Sub-district and Geçitkale Sub-district. Its capital is Famagusta. Its population was 63,603 in 2006. Its kaymakam is Beran Bertuğ....
- Girne DistrictKyrenia DistrictKyrenia District is one of the six districts of Cyprus. Its main town is Kyrenia . It is the smallest of Cyprus' districts, and is the only one fully controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognised only by Turkey....
- Güzelyurt DistrictGüzelyurt DistrictGüzelyurt District is a district of Northern Cyprus. It is divided into two sub-districts: Güzelyurt Sub-district and Lefke Sub-district. Its capital is Morphou. Its population was 29,264 in 2006. Its kaymakam is Menteş Gündüz....
- İskele Districtİskele Districtİskele District is a district of Northern Cyprus. It is divided into three sub-districts: İskele Sub-district, Mehmetçik Sub-district and Yeni Erenköy Sub-district. Its capital is Trikomo. Its population was 21,099 in 2006. Its kaymakam is Bünyamin Merhametsiz.The district has been separated from...
- Lefkoşa District
Municipalities of Northern Cyprus
- Capital of Northern Cyprus: Nicosia
- Cities of Northern Cyprus: FamagustaFamagustaFamagusta is a city on the east coast of Cyprus and is capital of the Famagusta District. It is located east of Nicosia, and possesses the deepest harbour of the island.-Name:...
, KyreniaKyreniaKyrenia is a town on the northern coast of Cyprus, noted for its historic harbour and castle. Internationally recognised as part of the Republic of Cyprus, Kyrenia has been under Turkish control since the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974...
, Morphou, Trikomo
Government and politics of Northern Cyprus
- Main article: Government of Northern Cyprus and Politics of Northern Cyprus
- Form of governmentForm of governmentA form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
: - Capital of Northern Cyprus: Nicosia
- Elections in Northern CyprusElections in Northern CyprusElections in Northern Cyprus, also referenced as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus or TRNC, bring into office a president and a legislature which exercise de facto leadership over the northern 36.27% of the island of Cyprus, encompassing the territory of the internationally-unrecognized...
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Northern Cyprus
- Political scandals of Northern Cyprus
- Taxation in Northern Cyprus
Executive branch of the government of Northern Cyprus
- Head of stateHead of StateA head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
: President of Northern CyprusPresident of Northern CyprusThe President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founder president of TRNC, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, followed by the current president, Derviş Eroğlu.In the Turkish Republic of...
, Derviş EroğluDervis ErogluDr. Derviş Eroğlu is the President of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He was Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from 1985 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2004, and leader of the National Unity Party. His party won the general elections in 2009 and Eroğlu... - Head of governmentHead of governmentHead of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
: Prime Minister of Northern CyprusPrime Minister of Northern CyprusThe Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative...
, İrsen Küçükİrsen Küçükİrsen Küçük is the current Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He is the nephew of Republic of Cyprus's first Vice-President Dr Fazıl Küçük.- References :...
Legislative branch of the government of Northern Cyprus
- Parliament of Northern Cyprus (unicameral)
- Assembly of the Republic
Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus
- List of diplomatic missions in Northern Cyprus
- List of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus
International organization membership
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a member of:- Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Law and order in Northern Cyprus
- Capital punishment in Northern Cyprus
- Constitution of Northern CyprusConstitution of Northern CyprusThe Constitution of the Northern Cyprus was prepared by the Constituent Assembly of Northern Cyprus after the declaration of independence on 15 November 1983, and was approved by the Turkish Cypriot electorate on 5 May 1985 with a majority of 70.16 percent...
- Crime in Northern Cyprus
- Human rights in Northern CyprusHuman rights in Northern CyprusHuman rights in Northern Cyprus are protected by the constitution of Northern Cyprus. However, there have been reports of violations of the human rights of minorities, democratic freedom, freedom from discrimination, freedom from torture, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom of speech,...
- LGBT rights in Northern CyprusLGBT rights in Northern CyprusNorthern Cyprus criminalises male homosexuality with up to three years in prison, according to articles 171 and 173 of its criminal code. Female homosexuality is exempt...
- Freedom of religion in Northern CyprusFreedom of religion in Northern CyprusThe constitution of Northern Cyprus protects the freedom of religion, and it states that Northern Cyprus is a secular state. The US Department of State report in 2002 stated that religious freedom was protected by law in Northern Cyprus and the government generally respected the freedom of religion...
- LGBT rights in Northern Cyprus
- Law enforcement in Northern CyprusLaw enforcement in Northern CyprusLaw enforcement in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is administered by the Republic’s Security Council and the Ministry of the Interior, to whom the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus's police force reports...
Military of Northern Cyprus
- Turkish Armed Forces in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
- Forces
- Army of Northern Cyprus
- Navy of Northern Cyprus
- Air Force of Northern Cyprus
- Special forces of Northern Cyprus
- Military history of Northern Cyprus
- Military ranks of Northern Cyprus
History of Northern Cyprus
- Military history of Northern Cyprus
Culture of Northern Cyprus
- Cuisine of Northern Cyprus
- National symbols of Northern Cyprus
- Coat of arms of Northern Cyprus
- Flag of Northern Cyprus
- Public holidays in Northern CyprusPublic holidays in Northern CyprusPublic holidays in Northern Cyprus are often shared with Turkey. The public holidays include:In addition, the following Muslim holidays are observed as public holidays:-External links:*...
- Turkish Cypriot diasporaTurkish Cypriot diasporaThe Turkish Cypriot diaspora is a term used to refer to the Turkish Cypriot community living outside the island of Cyprus.-History:In 1914, Britain annexed the island of Cyprus when the Ottomans joined World War I against the Allied Forces...
- World Heritage Sites in Northern Cyprus: None
Economy and infrastructure of Northern Cyprus
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 89th (eighty-ninth)
- Currency of Northern CyprusCurrencyIn economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
: LiraTurkish liraThe Turkish lira is the currency of Turkey and the de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The lira is subdivided into 100 kuruş...
- ISO 4217ISO 4217ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
: TRYTryA try is the major way of scoring points in rugby league and rugby union football. A try is scored by grounding the ball in the opposition's in-goal area...
- ISO 4217
- Transportation in Northern Cyprus
- Rail transport in Northern Cyprus
See also
- Outline of CyprusOutline of CyprusThe Republic of Cyprus is a sovereign island nation located on the Island of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean Sea — south of Anatolia , west of mainland Levant , north of North Africa , south-east of Europe — and part of the Middle East.Cyprus is the third-largest Mediterranean island and one...
External links
Official links- Office Of The President, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
- Northern Cypriot Tourism Office
- TRNC Public Information Office
- TRNC Central Bank in Turkish language
Other links
- ATCA News, Association of Turkish Cypriots Abroad
- "Islamic Conference's Parliaments to Call TRNC 'Cyprus Turkish State'" JTW
- Multi-lingial Tourism Portal for Northern Cyprus
- Useful Information on TRNC
- International Expert Panel for a European Solution in Cyprus
- North Cyprus Tourism Centre
- Assembly of Turkish American Associations
- Chronology - Cyprus Issue
- Turkish Cypriots of Australia - Historical Book
- Münüse, Folk Music
- TIKA
- Wikitravel.org Northern Cyprus
- EU task-force on Turkish Cypriot community
- Northern Cyprus a refuge for British fugitives
- Attorney-General v. Ibrahim ("Principle of necessity")
- Orams v. Apostiledes (Enforceability in England of Republic of Cyprus Judgment against purchaser of real property in Northern Cyprus; case has been referred to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling)
- Caglar v. Billingham (status and taxability of official representative in London of the Northern Cyprus government)