Mongolia

Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...

is a landlocked sovereign country located in East

East Asia

East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...

-Central Asia

Central Asia

Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...

. It borders Russia

Russia

Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

 to the north and China

People's Republic of China

China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

 to the south. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system

Political system

A political system is a system of politics and government. It is usually compared to the legal system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems...

 is a parliamentary republic

Parliamentary republic

A parliamentary republic or parliamentary constitutional republic is a type of republic which operates under a parliamentary system of government - meaning a system with no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches. There are a number of variations of...

.

At 1,564,116 square kilometres, Mongolia is the nineteenth largest, and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world with a population of around 2.9 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...

. The country contains very little arable land

Arable land

In geography and agriculture, arable land is land that can be used for growing crops. It includes all land under temporary crops , temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow...

, as much of its area is covered by arid and unproductive steppes, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert

Gobi Desert

The Gobi is a large desert region in Asia. It covers parts of northern and northwestern China, and of southern Mongolia. The desert basins of the Gobi are bounded by the Altai Mountains and the grasslands and steppes of Mongolia on the north, by the Hexi Corridor and Tibetan Plateau to the...

 to the south. Approximately thirty percent of the country's 2.9 million

Million

One million or one thousand thousand, is the natural number following 999,999 and preceding 1,000,001. The word is derived from the early Italian millione , from mille, "thousand", plus the augmentative suffix -one.In scientific notation, it is written as or just 106...

 people are nomad

Nomad

Nomadic people , commonly known as itinerants in modern-day contexts, are communities of people who move from one place to another, rather than settling permanently in one location. There are an estimated 30-40 million nomads in the world. Many cultures have traditionally been nomadic, but...

ic or semi-nomadic. The predominant religion in Mongolia is Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and India . It is the state religion of Bhutan...

, and the majority of the state's citizens are of the Mongol ethnicity, though Kazakhs

Kazakhs

The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....

, Tuvans

Tuvans

Tuvans or Tuvinians are Turkic peoples living in southern Siberia. They are historically known as one of the Uriankhai, from the Mongolian designation...

, and other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mongolia:

General reference

• Pronunciation
  International Phonetic Alphabet
  The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
  
  :
• Common English country name: Mongolia
  Mongolia
  Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
  
  , archaic Outer Mongolia
  Outer Mongolia
  Outer Mongolia was a territory of the Qing Dynasty = the Manchu Empire. Its area was roughly equivalent to that of the modern state of Mongolia, which is sometimes informally called "Outer Mongolia" today...
  
  
• Official English country name: Mongolia
  Mongolia
  Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
  
  
• Common endonym(s):
• Official endonym(s):
• Demonym(s):
• Etymology
  Etymology
  Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
  
  : Name of Mongolia
• International rankings of Mongolia
  International rankings of Mongolia
  -General:* United Nations: Human Development Index 2006, ranked 116 out of 177 countries* A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine: Globalization Index 2006, not ranked out of 62 countries-Economic:...
  
  
• ISO country codes: MN, MNG, 496
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:MN
  ISO 3166-2:MN
  ISO 3166-2:MN is the entry for Mongolia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.Currently for Mongolia, ISO 3166-2 codes are...
  
  
• Internet
  Internet
  The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
  
   country code top-level domain
  Country code top-level domain
  A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
  
  : .mn
  .mn
  .mn is the Internet country code top-level domain for Mongolia. It is administered by .MN, Registry, Datacom.The domain name is composed of the consonants in the first syllable of the country name. The .MN registry is operated under the Thick Registry model. Administrative, Billing, Technical and...
  
  

Geography of Mongolia

• Mongolia is: a landlocked country
• Location:
  • Northern Hemisphere
    Northern Hemisphere
    The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
    
     and Eastern Hemisphere
    Eastern Hemisphere
    The Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180° longitude. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, vis-à-vis the Western Hemisphere, which includes...
    
    
  • Eurasia
    Eurasia
    Eurasia is a continent or supercontinent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia ; covering about 52,990,000 km2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
    
    
    • Asia
      Asia
      Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
      
      
      • Central Asia
        Central Asia
        Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
        
        
      • East Asia
        East Asia
        East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...
        
        
  • Time zone
    Time zone
    A time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
    
    s:
    • Eastern and Central – UTC+08
    • Western – UTC+07
  • Extreme points of Mongolia
    • High: Khüiten Peak
      Khüiten Peak
      Hüiten Peak is the highest point in Mongolia, located in the far west of the country on the border with PRC. The Peak towers at the elevation of 4,374 m under the permanent snow-cap...
      
       4374 m (14,350 ft)
    • Low: Hoh Nuur 518 m (1,699 ft)
  • Land boundaries: 8,220 km

 Mainland China 4,677 km

 Russia 3,543 km

• Coastline: none
• Population of Mongolia: 2,629,000 - 138th most populous country
• Area of Mongolia: 1,564,116 km²
• Atlas of Mongolia

Environment of Mongolia

• Climate of Mongolia
• Environmental issues in Mongolia
• Ecoregions in Mongolia
• Renewable energy in Mongolia
• Geology of Mongolia
• Protected areas of Mongolia
  • Biosphere reserves in Mongolia
  • National parks of Mongolia
• Wildlife of Mongolia
  • Flora of Mongolia
  • Fauna of Mongolia
    • Birds of Mongolia
    • Mammals of Mongolia

Natural geographic features of Mongolia

• Glaciers of Mongolia
• Islands of Mongolia
• Lakes of Mongolia
• Mountains of Mongolia
  • Volcanoes in Mongolia
• Rivers of Mongolia
  • Waterfalls of Mongolia
• Valleys of Mongolia
• List of World Heritage Sites in Mongolia

Administrative divisions of Mongolia

• Aimags of Mongolia
  Aimags of Mongolia
  Mongolia is divided into 21 aimags . Each aimag is subdivided into several sums. The name aimag is derived from the Mongolian and Turkic languages word for "tribe". The modern aimags were established since 1921...
  
  
  • Sums of Mongolia (districts)

Municipalities of Mongolia

• Capital of Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar
• Cities of Mongolia

Government and politics of Mongolia

Main article: Government of Mongolia and Politics of Mongolia

Politics of Mongolia

Politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government...

• Form of government
  Form of government
  A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
  
  :
• Capital of Mongolia: Ulan Bator

• Elections in Mongolia
  Elections in Mongolia
  Elections in Mongolia gives information on election and election results in Mongolia.Mongolia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four year term by the people. The State Great Khural has had 76 members, elected for a four...
  
  
  • (specific elections)
• Political parties in Mongolia
• Political scandals of Mongolia
• Taxation in Mongolia

Executive branch of the government of Mongolia

• Head of state
  Head of State
  A head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
  
  : President of Mongolia
  President of Mongolia
  The President of Mongolia is the head of state of Mongolia. The Constitution of Mongolia implements a parliamentary system, so while much of the President's role is ceremonial, he or she does wield significant political power.-Election:...
  
  ,
• Head of government
  Head of government
  Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
  
  : Prime Minister of Mongolia
  Prime Minister of Mongolia
  The Prime Minister of Mongolia is the highest member of the Mongolian government's executive arm, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.-Powers:...
  
  ,
• Cabinet of Mongolia

Legislative branch of the government of Mongolia

• State Great Khural (parliament
  Parliament
  A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French , the action of parler : a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which...
  
  )

Judicial branch of the government of Mongolia

• Supreme Court of Mongolia
  Supreme Court of Mongolia
  The Supreme Court of Mongolia is the highest court in the judiciary system of Mongolia. The 1992 Constitution states that "the Supreme Court shall be the highest judicial organ"....
  
  

Foreign relations of Mongolia

• Diplomatic missions in Mongolia
• Diplomatic missions of Mongolia
  Diplomatic missions of Mongolia
  This is a list of diplomatic missions of Mongolia. Mongolia's foreign policy was traditionally aligned with the Soviet bloc, giving due deference to its other significant neighbour, the People's Republic of China...
  
  
• Sino-Mongolian relations
  Sino-Mongolian relations
  The bilateral relations between the Mongolia and the People's Republic of China have long been determined by the relations between China and the Soviet Union, Mongolia's other neighbour and main ally until 1990. With the rapprochement between the USSR and China in the late 1980s, Sino-Mongolian...
  
  

International organization membership

Mongolia is a member of:

• Asian Development Bank
  Asian Development Bank
  The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia...
  
   (ADB)
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF)
• Colombo Plan
  Colombo Plan
  The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that embodies the concept of collective inter-governmental effort to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the Asia-Pacific Region...
  
   (CP)
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  Founded in 1991, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development uses the tools of investment to help build market economies and democracies in 30 countries from central Europe to central Asia. Its mission was to support the formerly communist countries in the process of establishing their...
  
   (EBRD)
• Food and Agriculture Organization
  Food and Agriculture Organization
  The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...
  
   (FAO)
• Group of 77
  Group of 77
  The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has...
  
   (G77)
• International Atomic Energy Agency
  International Atomic Energy Agency
  The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
  
   (IAEA)
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of five institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight...
  
   (IBRD)
• International Civil Aviation Organization
  International Civil Aviation Organization
  The International Civil Aviation Organization , pronounced , , is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth...
  
   (ICAO)
• International Criminal Court
  International Criminal Court
  The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
  
   (ICCt)
• International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
• International Development Association
  International Development Association
  The International Development Association , is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. It complements the World Bank's other lending arm — the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — which serves middle-income countries with capital investment and...
  
   (IDA)
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a humanitarian institution that is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement along with the ICRC and 186 distinct National Societies...
  
   (IFRCS)
• International Finance Corporation
  International Finance Corporation
  The International Finance Corporation promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries.IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States....
  
   (IFC)
• International Fund for Agricultural Development
  International Fund for Agricultural Development
  The International Fund for Agricultural Development , a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. IFAD is dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries...
  
   (IFAD)
• International Labour Organization
  International Labour Organization
  The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the...
  
   (ILO)
• International Maritime Organization
  International Maritime Organization
  The International Maritime Organization , formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization , was established in Geneva in 1948, and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959...
  
   (IMO)
• International Monetary Fund
  International Monetary Fund
  The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
  
   (IMF)
• International Olympic Committee
  International Olympic Committee
  The International Olympic Committee is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president...
  
   (IOC)
• International Organization for Migration
  International Organization for Migration
  The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. It was initially established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration to help resettle people displaced by World War II....
  
   (IOM)
• International Organization for Standardization
  International Organization for Standardization
  The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
  
   (ISO)
• International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human...
  
   (ICRM)
• International Telecommunication Union
  International Telecommunication Union
  The International Telecommunication Union is the specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible for information and communication technologies...
  
   (ITU)
• International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization is an intergovernmental organisation charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat.-External links:*...
  
   (ITSO)

• International Trade Union Confederation
  International Trade Union Confederation
  The International Trade Union Confederation is the world's largest trade union federation. It was formed on November 1, 2006 out of the merger of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the World Confederation of Labour...
  
   (ITUC)
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a member organization of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance. It was established to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries. MIGA was founded in 1988 with a capital base of $1 billion and is headquartered in...
  
   (MIGA)
• Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
• Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (partner)
• Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
• Shanghai Cooperation Organization
  Shanghai Cooperation Organization
  The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation or SCO , is an intergovernmental mutual-security organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan...
  
   (SCO) (observer)
• United Nations
  United Nations
  The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
  
   (UN)
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues....
  
   (UNCTAD)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  The United Nations Industrial Development Organization , French/Spanish acronym ONUDI, is a specialized agency in the United Nations system, headquartered in Vienna, Austria...
  
   (UNIDO)
• United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
  United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
  MINURSO is the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara. The name is a French acronym for "Mission des Nations Unies pour l'Organisation d'un Référendum au Sahara Occidental" — United Nations Mission for the organization of a Referendum in Western Sahara.-Purpose of the mission:MINURSO...
  
   (MINURSO)
• United Nations Mission in Liberia
  United Nations Mission in Liberia
  The United Nations Mission in Liberia is a peace-keeping force established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberian Civil War....
  
   (UNMIL)
• United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
• United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
  United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
  The United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 in August 1993 to verify compliance with a 27 July 1993 ceasefire agreement between the Republic of Georgia and forces in Abkhazia with special attention given to the situation in the...
  
   (UNOMIG)
• United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
• Universal Postal Union
  Universal Postal Union
  The Universal Postal Union is an international organization that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration , the Postal Operations Council and the...
  
   (UPU)
• World Customs Organization
  World Customs Organization
  The World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...
  
   (WCO)
• World Federation of Trade Unions
  World Federation of Trade Unions
  The World Federation of Trade Unions was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations...
  
   (WFTU)
• World Health Organization
  World Health Organization
  The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
  
   (WHO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization
  World Intellectual Property Organization
  The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world"....
  
   (WIPO)
• World Meteorological Organization
  World Meteorological Organization
  The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...
  
   (WMO)
• World Tourism Organization
  World Tourism Organization
  The World Tourism Organization , based in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. It compiles the World Tourism rankings. The World Tourism Organization is a significant global body, concerned with the collection and collation of statistical information...
  
   (UNWTO)
• World Trade Organization
  World Trade Organization
  The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
  
   (WTO)

Law and order in Mongolia

• Capital punishment in Mongolia
  Capital punishment in Mongolia
  Capital punishment remains in force in Mongolia, one of 58 countries listed by Amnesty International as maintaining the death penalty in practice...
  
  
• Constitution of Mongolia
  Constitution of Mongolia
  Constitution of Mongolia is the constitution of Mongolia.It was adopted on January 13. 1992, put into force on February 12, and amended in 1999 and 2001. The new constitution established a parliamentary democracy in Mongolia, guaranteeing freedom of religion, rights, travel, expression,...
  
  
• Crime in Mongolia
• Human rights in Mongolia
  Human rights in Mongolia
  Since the turn towards democracy in 1990, Mongolia has in principle acknowledged the concept of human and civic rights. However, certain problems remain, especially within the police and security sector...
  
  
  • LGBT rights in Mongolia
    LGBT rights in Mongolia
    Homosexuality was decriminalized in Mongolia in 2002.There are a couple of known LGBT-rights organizations active in Mongolia, most notably one called "Tavilan" .- Recognition of same-sex relationships :...
    
    
  • Freedom of religion in Mongolia
    Freedom of religion in Mongolia
    The Constitution of Mongolia provides for freedom of religion, and the Mongolian Government generally respects this right in practice; however, the law somewhat limits proselytism, and some religious groups have faced bureaucratic harassment or been denied registration...
    
    
• Law enforcement in Mongolia

Military of Mongolia

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief
    Commander-in-Chief
    A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
    
    :
    • Ministry of Defence of Mongolia
• Forces
  • Army of Mongolia
  • Navy
    Navy
    A navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
    
     of Mongolia: None
  • Air Force of Mongolia
  • Special forces of Mongolia
• Military history of Mongolia
• Military ranks of Mongolia

History of Mongolia

Main article: History of Mongolia

History of Mongolia

The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Nirun, the Gökturks, and others. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty in 1368, the Mongols returned to their earlier patterns...

, Timeline of Mongolian history

Timeline of Mongolian history

-Qing Era:*1619-32: Ligden Khan, the last Mongol Great Khan, aims tocentralize imperial control over the various Mongol tribes, but alienates a number of Eastern Mongol tribes who go over to the Manchus....

, and Current events of Mongolia

• Genghis Khan
  Genghis Khan
  Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
  
   and the Mongol Empire
  Mongol Empire
  The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...
  
  
• Economic history of Mongolia
• Military history of Mongolia

Culture of Mongolia

• Architecture of Mongolia
  Architecture of Mongolia
  The traditional Mongolian dwelling is known as yurt . According to Mongolian artist and art critic N. Chultem, yurts and tents were the basis for the development of traditional Mongolian architecture. In the 16th and 17th centuries, lamaseries were built throughout the country. Many of them started...
  
  
• Cuisine of Mongolia
• Ethnic minorities in Mongolia
• Festivals in Mongolia
• Humor in Mongolia
• Languages of Mongolia
• Media in Mongolia
• National symbols of Mongolia
  • Coat of arms of Mongolia
    Coat of arms of Mongolia
    The state emblem of Mongolia is used by the government of Mongolia as its symbol of state. It is officially used for example on documents such as Mongolian passports, and government and embassy placards.- Description :...
    
    
  • Flag of Mongolia
    Flag of Mongolia
    The current flag of Mongolia was adopted on February 12, 1992. It is similar to the flag of 1949, except for the removal of the socialist star....
    
    
  • National Anthem of Mongolia
• People of Mongolia
• Prostitution in Mongolia
  Prostitution in Mongolia
  Prostitution in Mongolia is illegal but many women who enter prostitution are young women who are trafficked abroad. One of the major destinations is China where the victims are forced enforced endenture to repayment the people smugglers to the "fee" to get them abroad....
  
  
• Public holidays in Mongolia
  Public holidays in Mongolia
  This is a list of Public holidays in Mongolia-Notes:...
  
  
• Records of Mongolia
• Religion in Mongolia
  • Buddhism in Mongolia
    Buddhism in Mongolia
    Buddhism in Mongolia derives much of its recent characteristics from Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa school. Traditionally, Mongols worshiped heaven and their ancestors, and they followed ancient northern Asian practices of shamanism, in which human intermediaries went into trance and spoke to...
    
    
  • Christianity in Mongolia
    Christianity in Mongolia
    Christians in Mongolia is a minority religion. Accounts of the exact number of Christians vary as no nationwide statistics have even been released. As of 2005, the United States Department of State reports that approximately 24,000 Christians live in Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar, which is around...
    
    
  • Hinduism in Mongolia
    Hinduism in Mongolia
    Hinduism in Mongolia is a fairly recent phenomenon. Hindu missionaries have been spreading Hindu dharma to Mongolia in recent years. Hinduism has played a role in the legends in Mongolia as well....
    
    
  • Islam in Mongolia
    Islam in Mongolia
    Islam in Mongolia is practiced by approximately 5% of the population. It is practised by the ethnic Kazakhs of Bayan-Ölgii Province and Khovd Province aimag in western Mongolia...
    
    
  • Judaism in Mongolia
  • Sikhism in Mongolia
• List of World Heritage Sites in Mongolia

Art in Mongolia

• Art in Mongolia
• Cinema of Mongolia
  Cinema of Mongolia
  The cinema of Mongolia has been strongly influenced by the cinema of Russia, which differentiates it from cinematic developments in the rest of Asia.- History :...
  
  
• Literature of Mongolia
  Literature of Mongolia
  Mongol literature has been greatly influenced by its nomadic oral traditions. The “three peaks” of Mongol literature, the Secret History of the Mongols, Geser and Jangar, all reflect the age-long tradition of heroic epics on the Eurasian Steppes...
  
  
• Music of Mongolia
  Music of Mongolia
  Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, one of the greatest features of the Mongolian music, overtone singing and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle...
  
  
• Television in Mongolia
• Theatre in Mongolia

Sports in Mongolia

• Football in Mongolia
  Football in Mongolia
  The sport of football in the country of Mongolia is run by the Mongolian Football Federation. The association administers the national football team as well as the Mongolia Premier League....
  
  
• Basketball in Mongolia
• Mongolian wrestling
  Mongolian wrestling
  Mongolian wrestling, known as Bökh , is the folk wrestling style of Mongols in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and other regions...
  
  
• Mongolia at the Olympics
  Mongolia at the Olympics
  Mongolia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics....
  
  
• Naadam
  Naadam
  Naadam is a traditional type of festival in Mongolia. The festival is also locally termed "eriin gurvan naadam" "the three games of men". The games are Mongolian wrestling, horse racing and archery and are held throughout the country during the midsummer holidays...
  
  

Economy and infrastructure of Mongolia

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 142nd (one hundred and forty second)

• Agriculture in Mongolia
  Agriculture in Mongolia
  Agriculture in Mongolia constitutes 20.6% of Mongolia's annual Gross domestic product and employs 42% of the labor force. However, the high altitude, extreme fluctuation in temperature, long winters, and low precipitation provides limited potential for agricultural development. The growing season...
  
  
• Banking in Mongolia
  • National Bank of Mongolia
• Communications in Mongolia
  Communications in Mongolia
  Information communication technologies in Mongolia face unique challenges. Because Mongolia is sparsely populated and a significant portion of the population still lives a nomadic lifestyle, it has been difficult for many traditional ICTs to make headway into Mongolian society...
  
  
  • Internet in Mongolia
• Companies of Mongolia
• Currency of Mongolia
  Currency
  In economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
  
  : Tögrög
  • ISO 4217
    ISO 4217
    ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
    
    : MNT
• Economic history of Mongolia
• Energy in Mongolia
  • Energy policy of Mongolia
  • Oil industry in Mongolia
• Health care in Mongolia
• Mining in Mongolia
• Mongolia Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Mongolia
  Tourism in Mongolia
  Tourism in Mongolia was extremely limited by the Communist Government, but has been expanding following the 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia in the wake of the collapse of the USSR and the Revolutions of 1989...
  
  
• Transport in Mongolia
  • Airports in Mongolia
  • Rail transport in Mongolia
    Rail transport in Mongolia
    Rail transport in Mongolia is an important means of travel in the landlocked nation with few paved roads. According to official statistics, rail transport carried 93% of Mongolian freight and 43% of passenger turnover in 2007. The Mongolian rail system employs 12,500 people. The national operator...
    
    
  • Roads in Mongolia
• Water supply and sanitation in Mongolia

See also

• Index of Mongolia-related articles
• List of international rankings
• List of Mongolia-related topics
• Member state of the United Nations
• Outline of Asia
  Outline of Asia
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Asia:Asia – world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
  
  
• Outline of geography
  Outline of geography
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...
  
  

External links

• Mongolia Government Overview
• Official Tourism Website of Mongolia