The State of Eritrea

Eritrea

Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...

is a sovereign country located in Northeast Africa. Eritrea is bordered by Sudan

Sudan

Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...

 in the west, Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...

 in the south, and Djibouti

Djibouti

Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...

 in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea

Red Sea

The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...

, directly across from Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

 and Yemen

Yemen

The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....

. The Dahlak Archipelago

Dahlak Archipelago

The Dahlak Archipelago is an island group located in the Red Sea near Massawa, Eritrea. It consists of two large and 124 small islands. The pearl fisheries of the archipelago have been famous since Roman times and still produce a substantial number of pearls. Only four of the islands are...

 and several of the Hanish Islands

Hanish Islands

The Hanish Islands are an island group in the Red Sea. Most of them are a part of Yemen, but before 1998–1999 they were claimed by Eritrea as well. After a long trial with an international court under the guidance of Dr...

 are part of Eritrea.

Eritrea was conquered by Italy and formally consolidated into a colony

Colony

In politics and history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state. For colonies in antiquity, city-states would often found their own colonies. Some colonies were historically countries, while others were territories without definite statehood from their inception....

 by the Italian

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

 government on January 1, 1890. In 1936 it became a province of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana), along with Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland. The British expelled the Italians in 1941.

Increasing unrest and resistance in Eritrea against the federation with Ethiopia eventually led to a decision by the Ethiopian government to annex Eritrea as its 14th province in 1962. An Eritrean independence movement formed in the early 1960s which later erupted into a 31 year long civil war

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....

 against successive Ethiopian governments that ended in 1991. Following a UN supervised referendum in Eritrea dubbed UNOVER in which the Eritrean people overwhelmingly voted for independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea declared its independence and gained international recognition in 1993. Eritrea's constitution, adopted in 1997, stipulates that the state is a presidential republic with a unicameral parliamentary democracy

Parliamentary system

A parliamentary system is a system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch get their democratic legitimacy from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined....

. The constitution, however, has not yet been implemented fully due to, according to the government, the prevailing border conflict with Ethiopia which began in May 1998.

Eritrea is a multilingual and multicultural country with two dominant religions (Coptic Orthodox Christianity

Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church

The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church is an Oriental Orthodox church. Its autocephaly was recognised by Pope Shenouda III after Eritrea gained its independence in 1993.-Origins:...

 and Islam

Islam

Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

) and nine ethnic groups. The country's dominant language is Tigrinya

Tigrinya language

Tigrinya , also spelled Tigrigna, Tigrnia, Tigrina, Tigriña, less commonly Tigrinian, Tigrinyan, is a Semitic language spoken by the Tigrinya people in central Eritrea , where it is one of the two main languages of Eritrea, and in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia , where it...

, natively spoken by around 50% of the population. Along with Tigrinya, Arabic

Arabic language

Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...

 and English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 are used for official communication. English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 is also used in all of the government's international communication and is the language of instruction in all education beyond 5th grade.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Eritrea:

General reference

• Pronunciation: ɛrɨˈtriːə or ɛrɨˈtreɪ.ə
• Common English country name: Eritrea
  Eritrea
  Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
  
  
• Official English country name: The State of Eritrea
• Common endonym(s):
• Official endonym(s):
• Adjectival(s): Eritrean
  Eritrean
  Eritrean may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to the country of Eritrea* A person from Eritrea, or of Eritrean descent. For information about the Eritrean people, see Demographics of Eritrea and Culture of Eritrea. For specific persons, see List of Eritreans.* Note that there is no...
  
  
• Demonym(s):
• Etymology
  Etymology
  Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
  
  : Name of Eritrea
• ISO country codes: ER, ERI, 232
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:ER
  ISO 3166-2:ER
  ISO 3166-2:ER is the entry for Eritrea in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.Currently for Eritrea, ISO 3166-2 codes are...
  
  
• Internet
  Internet
  The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
  
   country code top-level domain
  Country code top-level domain
  A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
  
  : .er
  .er
  -2nd level domains:A number of second level domains exist, although there is no information available about their exact purposes or restrictions.* com.er presumably for commercial organisations* edu.er presumably for academic/educational organisations...
  
  

Geography of Eritrea

• Eritrea is: a country
• Location:
  • Eastern Hemisphere
    Eastern Hemisphere
    The Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180° longitude. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, vis-à-vis the Western Hemisphere, which includes...
    
     and Southern Hemisphere
    Southern Hemisphere
    The Southern Hemisphere is the part of Earth that lies south of the equator. The word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' or "half sphere"...
    
    
  • Africa
    Africa
    Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
    
    
    • North Africa
      North Africa
      North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
      
      
    • East Africa
      East Africa
      East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the UN scheme of geographic regions, 19 territories constitute Eastern Africa:...
      
      
      • Horn of Africa
        Horn of Africa
        The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent...
        
        
  • Time zone
    Time zone
    A time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
    
    : East Africa Time
    East Africa Time
    East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. The zone is three hours ahead of UTC , which is the same as Arabia Standard Time, and also the same as Eastern European Summer Time....
    
     (UTC+03)
  • Extreme points of Eritrea
    • High: Emba Soira 3018 m (9,902 ft)
    • Low: Lake Kulul
      Lake Kulul
      Lake Kulul is the lowest point in Eritrea. Located in the Northern Red Sea Region, Lake Kulul lies in the Eritrean portion of the Afar Depression....
      
       -75 m
  • Land boundaries: 1,626 km

 Ethiopia 912 km

 Sudan 605 km

 Djibouti 109 km

• Coastline: Red Sea
  Red Sea
  The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...
  
   2,234 km
• Population of Eritrea: 4,851,000 - 113rd most populous country
• Area of Eritrea: 117,600 km²
• Atlas of Eritrea

Environment of Eritrea

• Climate of Eritrea
• Environmental issues in Eritrea
  Environmental issues in Eritrea
  Eritrea faces environmental issues such as continued deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, overgrazing, and significant land loss as a result of the presence of hundreds of thousands of land mines....
  
  
• Ecoregions in Eritrea
• Renewable energy in Eritrea
• Geology of Eritrea
  • Earthquakes in Eritrea
• Protected areas of Eritrea
  • Biosphere reserves in Eritrea
  • National parks of Eritrea
• Wildlife of Eritrea
  Wildlife of Eritrea
  The wildlife of Eritrea is composed of its flora and fauna.Eritrea has 96 species of mammals and a rich avifauna of 566 species of birds.-Overview:...
  
  
  • Flora of Eritrea
  • Fauna of Eritrea
    • Birds of Eritrea
    • Mammals of Eritrea

Natural geographic features of Eritrea

• Glaciers in Eritrea: none
• Islands of Eritrea
• Lakes of Eritrea
• Mountains of Eritrea
  • Volcanoes in Eritrea
• Rivers of Eritrea
  • Waterfalls of Eritrea
• Valleys of Eritrea
• World Heritage Sites in Eritrea: None

Ecoregions of Eritrea

Main article: Ecoregions in Eritrea

Administrative divisions of Eritrea

Main article: Administrative divisions of Eritrea

• Regions of Eritrea
  Regions of Eritrea
  ||At the time of Independence in 1993 Eritrea was arranged into ten provinces. These provinces were similar to the nine provinces operating during the colonial period. In 1996, these were consolidated into six regions...
  
  
  • • Districts of Eritrea
      Districts of Eritrea
      The regions of Eritrea are divided into districts, as follows:-Anseba Region:* Adi Tekelezan* Asmat* Elabered* Geleb* Hagaz* Halhal* Habero* Keren City* Kerkebet* Sela-Central Region:* Berikh* Ghala Nefhi* North Eastern* Serejaka...
      
      

Municipalities of Eritrea

• Capital of Eritrea: Asmara
• Cities of Eritrea

Government and politics of Eritrea

Main article: Government of Eritrea and Politics of Eritrea

Politics of Eritrea

Politics of Eritrea takes place in a framework of a single-party presidential republic, whereby the Eritrean President of State is both head of state and head of government and a single-party state, led by the People's Front for Democracy and Justice...

• Form of government
  Form of government
  A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
  
  : presidential
  Presidential system
  A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides separately from the legislature, to which it is not responsible and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it....
  
   republic
  Republic
  A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of...
  
  
• Capital of Eritrea: Asmara

• Elections in Eritrea
  Elections in Eritrea
  The elections in Eritrea select representatives from the country's six regions for the National Assembly. Elections also occur to elect representatives for the country's regional assemblies and other posts within the country's districts.-National government:...
  
  
  • (specific elections)
• Political parties in Eritrea
• Political scandals of Eritrea
• Taxation in Eritrea

Executive branch of the government of Eritrea

• Head of state
  Head of State
  A head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
  
  : President of Eritrea,
• Head of government
  Head of government
  Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
  
  : Prime Minister of Eritrea,
• Cabinet of Eritrea

Legislative branch of the government of Eritrea

• Parliament of Eritrea (bicameral)
  • Upper house
    Upper house
    An upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
    
    : Senate of Eritrea
  • Lower house
    Lower house
    A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
    
    : House of Commons of Eritrea

Judicial branch of the government of Eritrea

• Supreme Court of Eritrea

Foreign relations of Eritrea

• Diplomatic missions in Eritrea
• Diplomatic missions of Eritrea
  Diplomatic missions of Eritrea
  This is a list of diplomatic missions of Eritrea. Eritrea is a comparatively young country that has tense relations with some of its neighbours, especially Ethiopia. Eritrea has relatively good relations with Djibouti and improving relations with Sudan and Yemen...
  
  

International organization membership

The State of Eritrea is a member of:

• African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP)
• African Development Bank Group (AfDB)
• African Union
  African Union
  The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
  
   (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
  Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
  The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a free trade area with nineteen member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe. COMESA formed in December 1994, replacing a Preferential Trade Area which had existed since 1981...
  
   (COMESA)
• Food and Agriculture Organization
  Food and Agriculture Organization
  The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...
  
   (FAO)
• Group of 77
  Group of 77
  The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has...
  
   (G77)
• International Atomic Energy Agency
  International Atomic Energy Agency
  The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
  
   (IAEA)
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of five institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight...
  
   (IBRD)
• International Civil Aviation Organization
  International Civil Aviation Organization
  The International Civil Aviation Organization , pronounced , , is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth...
  
   (ICAO)
• International Criminal Court
  International Criminal Court
  The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
  
   (ICCt) (signatory)
• International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
• International Development Association
  International Development Association
  The International Development Association , is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. It complements the World Bank's other lending arm — the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — which serves middle-income countries with capital investment and...
  
   (IDA)
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a humanitarian institution that is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement along with the ICRC and 186 distinct National Societies...
  
   (IFRCS) (observer)
• International Finance Corporation
  International Finance Corporation
  The International Finance Corporation promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries.IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States....
  
   (IFC)
• International Fund for Agricultural Development
  International Fund for Agricultural Development
  The International Fund for Agricultural Development , a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. IFAD is dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries...
  
   (IFAD)
• International Labour Organization
  International Labour Organization
  The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the...
  
   (ILO)
• International Maritime Organization
  International Maritime Organization
  The International Maritime Organization , formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization , was established in Geneva in 1948, and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959...
  
   (IMO)
• International Monetary Fund
  International Monetary Fund
  The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
  
   (IMF)
• International Olympic Committee
  International Olympic Committee
  The International Olympic Committee is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president...
  
   (IOC)

• International Organization for Standardization
  International Organization for Standardization
  The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
  
   (ISO) (correspondent)
• International Telecommunication Union
  International Telecommunication Union
  The International Telecommunication Union is the specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible for information and communication technologies...
  
   (ITU)
• International Trade Union Confederation
  International Trade Union Confederation
  The International Trade Union Confederation is the world's largest trade union federation. It was formed on November 1, 2006 out of the merger of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the World Confederation of Labour...
  
   (ITUC)
• League of Arab States (LAS) (observer)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a member organization of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance. It was established to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries. MIGA was founded in 1988 with a capital base of $1 billion and is headquartered in...
  
   (MIGA)
• Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
• Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
• Permanent Court of Arbitration
  Permanent Court of Arbitration
  The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
  
   (PCA)
• United Nations
  United Nations
  The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
  
   (UN)
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues....
  
   (UNCTAD)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  The United Nations Industrial Development Organization , French/Spanish acronym ONUDI, is a specialized agency in the United Nations system, headquartered in Vienna, Austria...
  
   (UNIDO)
• Universal Postal Union
  Universal Postal Union
  The Universal Postal Union is an international organization that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration , the Postal Operations Council and the...
  
   (UPU)
• World Customs Organization
  World Customs Organization
  The World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...
  
   (WCO)
• World Federation of Trade Unions
  World Federation of Trade Unions
  The World Federation of Trade Unions was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations...
  
   (WFTU)
• World Health Organization
  World Health Organization
  The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
  
   (WHO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization
  World Intellectual Property Organization
  The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world"....
  
   (WIPO)
• World Meteorological Organization
  World Meteorological Organization
  The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...
  
   (WMO)
• World Tourism Organization
  World Tourism Organization
  The World Tourism Organization , based in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. It compiles the World Tourism rankings. The World Tourism Organization is a significant global body, concerned with the collection and collation of statistical information...
  
   (UNWTO)

Law and order in Eritrea

Main article: Law of Eritrea

• Capital punishment in Eritrea
• Constitution of Eritrea
  Constitution of Eritrea
  In March 1994, the Provisional Government of Eritrea established a Constitutional Commission. The resulting constitution was introduced in 1997, one year later than planned...
  
  
• Crime in Eritrea
• Human rights in Eritrea
  Human rights in Eritrea
  Human rights in Eritrea are viewed as poor. Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed, the judiciary is weak, and constitutional provisions protecting individual freedom have yet to be fully implemented. Security forces are responsible for...
  
  
  • LGBT rights in Eritrea
    LGBT rights in Eritrea
    Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons in Eritrea face legal risks not experienced by non-LGBT citizens. Homosexual acts are illegal in Eritrea, punishable by up to 3 years in prison.-Law regarding same-sex sexual activity:...
    
    
  • Freedom of religion in Eritrea
• Law enforcement in Eritrea

Military of Eritrea

Main article: Military of Eritrea

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief
    Commander-in-Chief
    A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
    
    :
    • Ministry of Defence of Eritrea
• Forces
  • Army of Eritrea
  • Navy of Eritrea
  • Air Force of Eritrea
  • Special forces of Eritrea
• Military history of Eritrea
• Military ranks of Eritrea

History of Eritrea

Main article: History of Eritrea

History of Eritrea

Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraía , and its derived Latin form Erythræa. This name relates to that of the Red Sea, then called the Erythræan Sea, from the Greek for "red", ἐρυθρος). The Italians created the colony of Eritrea in the 19th century around...

, Timeline of the history of Eritrea, and Current events of Eritrea

• Economic history of Eritrea
• Military history of Eritrea

Culture of Eritrea

Main article: Culture of Eritrea

Culture of Eritrea

The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by its location on the Red Sea coast, as well as the area's historic links with Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Sudan, the Near East and Italy...

• Architecture of Eritrea
• Cuisine of Eritrea
• Ethnic minorities in Eritrea
• Festivals in Eritrea
• Humor in Eritrea
• Languages of Eritrea
  Languages of Eritrea
  Eritrea is generally considered to have nine ethno-linguistic groups. Each of these has their own language: Afar, Arabic , Beja , Blin, Kunama, Nara, Saho, Tigre and Tigrinya....
  
  
• Media in Eritrea
• National symbols of Eritrea
  • Coat of arms of Eritrea
    Coat of arms of Eritrea
    The Coat of arms of Eritrea was adopted 24 May 1993 on the occasion of the declaration of independence from Ethiopia. The emblem mainly depicts a camel surrounded by a wreath of laurel...
    
    
  • Flag of Eritrea
    Flag of Eritrea
    The current flag of Eritrea was adopted on December 5, 1995, and uses the basic layout of the flag of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, with the wreath with upright olive branch symbol derived from the 1952 flag....
    
    
  • National anthem of Eritrea
• People of Eritrea
• Prostitution in Eritrea
  Prostitution in Eritrea
  Prostitution in Eritrea is illegal, but, according to the 2009 Human Rights Reports it is a serious problem, and security forces occasionally follow women engaged in prostitution and arrest those who had spent the night with a foreigner....
  
  
• Public holidays in Eritrea
• Records of Eritrea
• Religion in Eritrea
  Religion in Eritrea
  Eritrea has two major religions, Christianity and Islam, with approximately 50% of the population being Christian and 48% Muslim according to the United States Department of State...
  
  
  • Buddhism in Eritrea
  • Christianity in Eritrea
    Christianity in Eritrea
    Eritrea is a multi-religious country; Eritrea has two dominant religions, Christianity and Islam, with approximately 50% of the population being Christian and 50% Muslim according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees...
    
    
  • Hinduism in Eritrea
  • Islam in Eritrea
  • Judaism in Eritrea
  • Sikhism in Eritrea
• World Heritage Sites in Eritrea: None

Art in Eritrea

• Art in Eritrea
• Cinema of Eritrea
• Literature of Eritrea
  Literature of Eritrea
  Eritrean literature in the Tigrinya language dates, as far as is currently known, from the late 19th century. It was initially encouraged by European missionaries, but suffered from the general repression of Eritrean culture under Fascist rule in the 1920s and 30s...
  
  
• Music of Eritrea
  Music of Eritrea
  Eritrea is a country in the Horn of Africa. Perhaps the most famous Eritrean musicians in history are Eng. Asghedom W.Micheal, Bereket Mengisteab, Yemane Baria, Osman Abderrehim, Alamin Abdeletif & Atowe Birhan Segid, some of whose music were banned by the Ethiopian government in the 1970s...
  
  
• Television in Eritrea
• Theatre in Eritrea

Sports in Eritrea

Main article: Sports in Eritrea

• Football in Eritrea
  Football in Eritrea
  After being under Ethiopian control, Eritrea gained its independence in 1991. In 1998 the country became a member of FIFA....
  
  
• Eritrea at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Eritrea

Main article: Economy of Eritrea

Economy of Eritrea

The Economy of Eritrea has experienced modest growth in recent years, indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product in 2004 of 2.5% over 2003...

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 161st (one hundred and sixty first)

• Agriculture in Eritrea
  Agriculture in Eritrea
  Agriculture is the main economic activity in Eritrea.Eritrea has 565,000 hectares of arable land and permanent crops. Three-quarters of Eritrea’s people are subsistence farmers dependent on unreliable rainfall to feed families that average seven children...
  
  
• Banking in Eritrea
  Banking in Eritrea
  Modern banking in Eritrea started with the coming of Italians. In 1914, Banca d' Italia established its branches in Asmara and Massawa. And by the end of the Italian colonial period in 1941, there were four banks and one credit union operating in Eritrea...
  
  
  • National Bank of Eritrea
• Communications in Eritrea
  Communications in Eritrea
  Telecommunications infrastructure in Eritrea is poorly developed and controlled by the government. Statistics are not widely available on all sectors, but it was estimated that in 2003–4 there were 38,100 main telephones lines, around 1,050 Internet hosts, and 9,500 Internet users. A 2000 estimate...
  
  
  • Internet in Eritrea
• Companies of Eritrea
• Currency of Eritrea
  Currency
  In economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
  
  : Nakfa
  Eritrean nakfa
  The nakfa is the currency of Eritrea. It is divided into 100 cents. The currency was introduced in 1997 to replace the Ethiopian birr at par, and it was named after the town of Nakfa.For an earlier currency of Eritrea, see tallero....
  
  
  • ISO 4217
    ISO 4217
    ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
    
    : ERN
    ERN
    Ern may refer to:* White-tailed Eagle, species* ERN:** Eritrean nakfa, currency** Error-related negativity, measurement of electrical measurement of anterior cingulate cortex of a brain** English Regions Network...
    
    
• Economic history of Eritrea
• Energy in Eritrea
  Energy in Eritrea
  Energy in Eritrea is an industry lacking in natural resources, though it has plenty of potential.-Oil and gas:Oil and gas exploration in the Red Sea off Eritrea began in the 1930s. Following independence, the country began awarding production contracts in 1995. However, as of January 2003, Eritrea...
  
  
  • Energy policy of Eritrea
  • Oil industry in Eritrea
• Mining in Eritrea
• Eritrea Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Eritrea
  Tourism in Eritrea
  Tourism in Eritrea made up 2% of the country's economy up to 1997. After 1998, revenues from tourism fell to one quarter of 1997 levels. In 2006 it made up less than 1% of the country's GDP. The World Tourism Organization calculated that the country's international tourism receipts in 2002 were...
  
  
• Transport in Eritrea
  Transport in Eritrea
  This article summarizes characteristics of a number of forms of transport in the coastal African nation of Eritrea.- Railways :As of 1999, there was a total of 317 kilometres of rail line in Eritrea...
  
  
• Health care in Eritrea
• Transportation in Eritrea
  • Airports in Eritrea
  • Rail transport in Eritrea
    Rail transport in Eritrea
    Rail Transport in Eritrea is provided by the Eritrean Railway, which is narrow gauge. The line links the capital city, Asmara, with the port of Massaua on the Red Sea coast....
    
    
  • Roads in Eritrea
• Water supply and sanitation in Eritrea

See also

• Index of Eritrea-related articles
• List of Eritrea-related topics
• List of international rankings
• Member state of the United Nations
• Outline of Africa
  Outline of Africa
  The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the continent Africa:Africa – world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia.-Geography of Africa:* Atlas of Africa* List of cities in Africa...
  
  
• Outline of geography
  Outline of geography
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...
  
  

External links

Government

• Official website of the Ministry of Information of Eritrea
• Official website of the Ministry of Education of Eritrea

Refugee Assistance

• Video footage from Shimelba refugee camp, ways to help, USCRI work

Other

• Documentary on Womens liberation in Eritrea
• Tigrinya online learning with numbers, alphabet and history [Eritrea and north Ethiopia (Tigray-Province)]
• Ferrovia eritrea Eritrean Railway
• Eritrea About Eritrea
• CIA World Factbook - Eritrea
• http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=4668Extract from Justin Hill
  Justin Hill
  Justin Hill is an English novelist whose novels have been nominated for the Man Booker Prize three times. Born in Freeport, Grand Bahama Island in 1971, he grew up in Yorkshire. He was educated at the historic St Peter's School, York....
  
  's Ciao Asmara in The Globalist
  The Globalist
  The Globalist is a daily online magazine that "focuses on the economics, politics and culture" of globalization. "The Globalist" "aims to provide current and up-to-date news analysis and perspectives on wide-ranging global issues that touch all global citizens"...
  
  ] Magazine
• History of Eritrea: First recordings - Munzinger - exploitation by colonialism and fight against colonialism (Italy, England, Ethiopia, Soviet Union, USA, Israel) - independence
• The Carter Center information on Eritrea (chronology)