The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the continent Africa:

Africa

Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...

– world's second largest and second most populous continent

Continent

A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, with seven regions commonly regarded as continents—they are : Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.Plate tectonics is...

, after Asia.

Geography of Africa

• Atlas of Africa
• List of cities in Africa
  • List of most populous cities in Africa

Regions of Africa

Main article: Regions of Africa

Regions of Africa

The continent of Africa can be conceptually subdivided into a number of regions or subregions.-Directional approach:One common approach categorises Africa directionally, e.g., by cardinal direction :...

• List of freshwater ecoregions in Africa and Madagascar

Directional regions

• Central Africa
  Central Africa
  Central Africa is a core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda....
  
  
• East Africa
  East Africa
  East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the UN scheme of geographic regions, 19 territories constitute Eastern Africa:...
  
  
• North Africa
  North Africa
  North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
  
  
• Southern Africa
  Southern Africa
  Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. Within the region are numerous territories, including the Republic of South Africa ; nowadays, the simpler term South Africa is generally reserved for the country in English.-UN...
  
  
• West Africa
  West Africa
  West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Western Africa includes the following 16 countries and an area of approximately 5 million square km:-Flags of West Africa:...
  
  
• United Nations geoscheme for Africa

Physiographic regions

• The Sahara Desert
  Sahara
  The Sahara is the world's second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over , it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as Europe or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean...
  
  
• The Maghreb
  Maghreb
  The Maghreb is the region of Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. It includes five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara...
  
  
• The Sahel
  Sahel
  The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition between the Sahara desert in the North and the Sudanian Savannas in the south.It stretches across the North African continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea....
  
   region
• The Sudan
  Sudan (region)
  The Sudan is the name given to a geographic region to the south of the Sahara, stretching from Western to Eastern Africa. The name derives from the Arabic bilâd as-sûdân or "land of the Blacks"...
  
   region
• The Guinea
  Guinea (region)
  Guinea is a traditional name for the region of Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea. It stretches north through the forested tropical regions and ends at the Sahel.-History:...
  
   region
• The Congo
  Congo Basin
  The Congo Basin is the sedimentary basin that is the drainage of the Congo River of west equatorial Africa. The basin begins in the highlands of the East African Rift system with input from the Chambeshi River, the Uele and Ubangi Rivers in the upper reaches and the Lualaba River draining wetlands...
  
  
• The Great Lakes region

Countries of Africa

Main article: List of African countries

• Coats of arms of Africa
  Coats of arms of Africa
  African countries have the following coats of arms or national emblems:-Dependencies, Autonomous Regions, Autonomous Cities and other territories:...
  
  
• Flags of Africa
  Flags of Africa
  -Bantustans :-See also:*Coats of arms of Africa*Flag of the African Union*Pan-African colours*Pan-African flag...
  
  

West Africa

• Benin
  Outline of Benin
  thumb|The location of [[Benin]]thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Benin]]The Republic of Benin is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Benin borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north; its short coastline to the south leads to the Bight...
  
  
• Burkina Faso
  Outline of Burkina Faso
  Burkina Faso, also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a landlocked sovereign country located in West Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the south west...
  
  
• Cape Verde
  Outline of Cape Verde
  thumb|A relief map of the [[Republic of Cape Verde]]The Republic of Cape Verde is a sovereign country located on an archipelago in the Macaronesia ecoregion of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the western coast of Africa...
  
  
• Côte d'Ivoire
  Outline of Côte d'Ivoire
  The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, commonly called Ivory Coast, is a sovereign country located in West Africa. The government officially discourages the use of the name Ivory Coast in English, preferring the French name Côte d'Ivoire to be used in all languages...
  
  
• The Gambia
  Outline of the Gambia
  The Republic of the Gambia, commonly known as the Gambia, is a sovereign country located in West Africa. It is the smallest country on the African continental mainland and is bordered to the north, east, and south by Senegal, and has a small coast on the Atlantic Ocean in the west...
  
  
• Ghana
  Outline of Ghana
  The Republic of Ghana is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Ghana borders Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
  
  
• Guinea
  Outline of Guinea
  The Republic of Guinea is a sovereign country located in West Africa, that was formerly known as French Guinea. Guinea's territory has a curved shape, with its base at the Atlantic Ocean, inland to the east, and turning south...
  
  
• Guinea-Bissau
  Outline of Guinea-Bissau
  The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Guinea-Bissau is the 8th least extensive country in continental Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west...
  
  
• Liberia
  Outline of Liberia
  The Republic of Liberia is a sovereign country located in West Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean. Liberia has a hot equatorial climate with most rainfall arriving in summer with harsh harmattan winds in the dry season...
  
  
• Mali
  Outline of Mali
  The Republic of Mali is a landlocked sovereign country located in West Africa. Mali is the seventh most extensive country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the...
  
  
• Mauritania
  Outline of Mauritania
  The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Mauritania is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Senegal on the southwest, by Mali on the east and southeast, by Algeria on the northeast, and by the Morocco-controlled Western Sahara on the northwest. It...
  
  
• Niger
  Outline of Niger
  The Republic of Niger is a landlocked sovereign country located in West Africa. Niger was named for the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east...
  
  
• Nigeria
  Outline of Nigeria
  The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Nigeria is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory. Nigeria borders the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its...
  
  
• Senegal
  Outline of Senegal
  The Republic of Senegal is a sovereign country located south of the Sénégal River in West Africa. Senegal is bound by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south...
  
  
• Sierra Leone
  Outline of Sierra Leone
  The Republic of Sierra Leone is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea in the northeast, Liberia in the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of 71,740 km² and has a population of 5,900,000...
  
  
• Togo
  Outline of Togo
  The Togolese Republic, commonly known as Togo, is a narrow, sovereign country located in West Africa bordering Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The country extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located...
  
  

North Africa

• Algeria
  Outline of Algeria
  thumb|The location of [[Algeria]]thumb|An enlargeable relief map of the [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria]]The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Algeria:...
  
  
• Egypt
• Libya
  Outline of Libya
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Libya:- General reference :* Pronunciation:* Common English country name: Libya* Official English country name: Libya, or Libyan Republic* Common endonym: * Official endonym:...
  
  
• Mauritania
  Outline of Mauritania
  The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is a sovereign country located in West Africa. Mauritania is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Senegal on the southwest, by Mali on the east and southeast, by Algeria on the northeast, and by the Morocco-controlled Western Sahara on the northwest. It...
  
  
• Morocco
  Outline of Morocco
  The Kingdom of Morocco is a sovereign country located in western North Africa. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea...
  
  
• Sudan
  Outline of Sudan
  The Republic of Sudan is a sovereign country located in eastern North Africa. Sudan is the second most extensive country in Africa and the sixteenth most extensive country in the world...
  
  
• Tunisia
  Outline of Tunisia
  Tunisia , officially the Tunisian Republic , is the northernmost country in Africa situated on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Tunisia is the smallest of the nations situated along the Atlas mountain range. The south of the country is composed of the Sahara desert, with much of the...
  
  
• Western Sahara
  Outline of Western Sahara
  Western Sahara is a disputed territory located in western North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the North Atlantic Ocean on the west. It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of...
  
  

Central Africa

• Angola
  Outline of Angola
  The Republic of Angola is a sovereign country located in Middle Africa. Angola borders Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, and Zambia to the east, and with a west coast along the Atlantic Ocean. The exclave province Cabinda has a border with the Republic of...
  
  
• Burundi
  Outline of Burundi
  thumb|The location of [[Burundi]]thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Burundi]]The Republic of Burundi is a small sovereign country located in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Burundi is bordered by Rwanda on the north, Tanzania on the south and east, and the Democratic Republic of the...
  
  
• Cameroon
  Outline of Cameroon
  thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Cameroon]]The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic located in Middle Africa. Cameroon borders Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the...
  
  
• Central African Republic
  Outline of the Central African Republic
  thumb|The location of the [[Central African Republic]]thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Central African Republic]]The Central African Republic is a landlocked sovereign country located in Central Africa...
  
  
• Chad
  Outline of Chad
  thumb|The location of [[Chad]]thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Chad]]The Republic of Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to...
  
  
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Outline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  The Democratic Republic of the Congo, often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to as the Congo Free State, the Belgian Congo, the Congo-Léopoldville, Congo-Kinshasa, and Zaire , is the second most extensive country on the African continent...
  
  
• Equatorial Guinea
  Outline of Equatorial Guinea
  The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is a sovereign country located on the Gulf of Guinea in Middle Africa. It is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa, and comprises two regions: Río Muni, continental region including several offshore islands; andInsular Region containing Annobón...
  
  
• Gabon
  Outline of Gabon
  Gabon is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with the Gulf of Guinea to the west, Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, and Cameroon to the north, with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south...
  
  
• Republic of the Congo
  Outline of the Republic of the Congo
  The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville or the Congo, is a sovereign country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.The...
  
  
• Rwanda
  Outline of Rwanda
  The Republic of Rwanda is a small landlocked sovereign country located in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. Home to approximately 10.1 million people, Rwanda supports the densest population in continental...
  
  
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  Outline of São Tomé and Príncipe
  The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe is a sovereign island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. The republic comprises two main islands: São Tomé Island and Príncipe Island, located about apart and about and , respectively, off the...
  
  

East Africa

• Burundi
  Outline of Burundi
  thumb|The location of [[Burundi]]thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Republic of Burundi]]The Republic of Burundi is a small sovereign country located in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Burundi is bordered by Rwanda on the north, Tanzania on the south and east, and the Democratic Republic of the...
  
  
• Comoros
  Outline of Comoros
  thumb|The location of the [[Comoros]]thumb|An enlargeable map of the [[Union of the Comoros]]The Union of the Comoros is a sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel between northern Madagascar and northeastern...
  
  
• Djibouti
  Outline of Djibouti
  The Republic of Djibouti is a sovereign country located on the Horn of Africa. Djibouti is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. On the other side of the Red Sea, on...
  
  
• Eritrea
  Outline of Eritrea
  The State of Eritrea is a sovereign country located in Northeast Africa. Eritrea is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen...
  
  
• Ethiopia
  Outline of Ethiopia
  The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a landlocked sovereign country located in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, South Sudan to the south-west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the north-east.Ethiopia is one of the...
  
  
• Kenya
  Outline of Kenya
  The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa.Lying along the Indian Ocean, at the equator, Kenya is bordered by Ethiopia , Somalia , Tanzania , Uganda plus Lake Victoria , and South Sudan . The capital city is Nairobi, 2nd largest in Africa . Kenya spans an area about 85% the size of France or...
  
  
• Madagascar
  Outline of Madagascar
  The Republic of Madagascar, formerly the Malagasy Republic, is a sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The Island of Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more...
  
  
• Malawi
  Outline of Malawi
  The Republic of Malawi, formerly Nyasaland, is a sovereign country located in southeastern Africa. Malawi is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the north and Mozambique, which surrounds it on the east, south and west and is separated from Malawi by Lake Malawi...
  
  
• Mauritius
  Outline of Mauritius
  The Republic of Mauritius is a sovereign island nation located in the southwest Indian Ocean about east of Madagascar. In addition to the Island of Mauritius, the republic includes the islands of St. Brandon, Rodrigues and the Agalega Islands...
  
  
• Mozambique
  Outline of Mozambique
  The Republic of Mozambique is a sovereign country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. Mozambique was explored by Vasco da Gama in...
  
  
• Rwanda
  Outline of Rwanda
  The Republic of Rwanda is a small landlocked sovereign country located in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. Home to approximately 10.1 million people, Rwanda supports the densest population in continental...
  
  
• Seychelles
  Outline of Seychelles
  The Republic of Seychelles is a sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean and comprising 115 islands of the Seychelles Archipelago, some east of mainland Africa and northeast of the Island of Madagascar...
  
  
• Somalia
  Outline of Somalia
  Somalia , officially the Republic of Somalia and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the...
  
  
• Tanzania
  Outline of Tanzania
  The United Republic of Tanzania is a sovereign country located in East Africa. Tanzania borders Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south...
  
  
• Uganda
  Outline of Uganda
  The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked sovereign country located in East Africa, bordered on the east by Kenya, the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a...
  
  
• Zambia
  Outline of Zambia
  The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa. Zambia borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital of...
  
  
• Zimbabwe
  Outline of Zimbabwe
  The Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly known as Southern Rhodesia, the Republic of Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia, is a landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi River and Limpopo River....
  
  

Southern Africa

• Botswana
  Outline of Botswana
  thumb|The location of [[Botswana]]thumb|An enlargeable relief map of the [[Republic of Botswana]]The Republic of Botswana is a landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa. Citizens of Botswana are Batswana , regardless of ethnicity...
  
  
• Lesotho
  Outline of Lesotho
  The Kingdom of Lesotho is a sovereign country located in Southern Africa. Lesotho is an enclave completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. Formerly Basutoland, it is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations...
  
  
• Namibia
  Outline of Namibia
  The Republic of Namibia is a sovereign country located along the Atlantic Coast of Southern Africa. Namibia shares borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. It gained independence from South Africa in 1990 and its capital city is Windhoek...
  
  
• South Africa
  Outline of South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a sovereign country located at the southern tip of Africa. South Africa's coast stretches 2,798 kilometres and borders both the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
  
  
• Swaziland
  Outline of Swaziland
  The Kingdom of Swaziland is a small, landlocked, sovereign country located in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa on three sides except to the east, where it borders Mozambique...
  
  

Dependencies

• British Indian Ocean Territory
  British Indian Ocean Territory
  The British Indian Ocean Territory or Chagos Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Africa and Indonesia...
  
   (UK)
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
  
• Mayotte
  Outline of Mayotte
  The Mayotte is an overseas department of France located in the Comoros Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. The department comprises the main island of Grande-Terre , a smaller island, Petite-Terre , and several islets at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northern Madagascar and...
  
   (France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
  )
• Réunion
  Réunion
  Réunion is a French island with a population of about 800,000 located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about south west of Mauritius, the nearest island.Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France...
  
   (France
  France
  The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
  
  )
• St. Helena
  Outline of Saint Helena
  Saint Helena, named after St Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha which also includes Ascension Island and the islands of Tristan da Cunha...
  
   (UK)
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
  
• Canary Islands
  Canary Islands
  The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...
  
   (Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  )
• Ceuta
  Ceuta
  Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
  
   (Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  )
• Madeira
  Madeira
  Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union...
  
   (Portugal
  Portugal
  Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
  
  )
• Melilla
  Melilla
  Melilla is a autonomous city of Spain and an exclave on the north coast of Morocco. Melilla, along with the Spanish exclave Ceuta, is one of the two Spanish territories located in mainland Africa...
  
   (Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  )
• Socotra
  Socotra
  Socotra , also spelt Soqotra, is a small archipelago of four islands in the Indian Ocean. The largest island, also called Socotra, is about 95% of the landmass of the archipelago. It lies some east of the Horn of Africa and south of the Arabian Peninsula. The island is very isolated and through...
  
   (Yemen
  Yemen
  The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
  
  )
• Puntland
  Puntland
  Puntland , officially the Puntland State of Somalia , is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe in the Nugaal province. Its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 1998....
  
  
• Somaliland
  Outline of Somaliland
  Somaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards the territory as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the...
  
  
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  Outline of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognised state which claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976. The SADR government currently controls about 20% of the territory it...
  
  

Geographic features of Africa

• List of World Heritage Sites in Africa
• Glaciers in Africa
• Horn of Africa
  Horn of Africa
  The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent...
  
  
• Impact craters in Africa
• Islands of Africa
• Rivers of Africa

Demography of Africa

Main article: Demographics of Africa

Demographics of Africa

The population of Africa has grown exponentially over the past century, and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in most African countries. The population doubled in the period 1982–2009 and quadrupled from 1955–2009, according to...

History of Africa

Main article: History of Africa

History of Africa

The history of Africa begins with the prehistory of Africa and the emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa, continuing into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. Agriculture began about 10,000 BCE and metallurgy in about 4000 BCE. The history of early...

 and Current events in Africa

• Afrikaner nationalism
  Afrikaner nationalism
  Afrikaner nationalism is a political ideology that was born in the late 19th century around the idea that Afrikaners in South Africa were a "chosen people"; it was also strongly influenced by anti-British sentiments that grew strong among the Afrikaners, especially because of the Boer Wars...
  
  
• Bantu expansion
  Bantu expansion
  The Bantu expansion or the Bantu Migration was a millennia-long series of migrations of speakers of the original proto-Bantu language group...
  
  
• Berlin Conference
  Berlin Conference
  The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power...
  
  
• Boer Republics
  Boer Republics
  The Boer Republics were independent self-governed republics created by the northeastern frontier branch of the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the north eastern Cape Province and their descendants in mainly the northern and eastern parts of what is now the country of...
  
  
• Congo Free State
  Congo Free State
  The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa which was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. Its origins lay in Leopold's attracting scientific, and humanitarian backing for a non-governmental organization, the Association internationale africaine...
  
  
• Early Congolese history
  Early Congolese history
  Early Congo History covers most of the Congo River basin occupied today by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Angola's Cabinda province and northern Angola...
  
  
• Expulsion of Asians in Uganda in 1972
  Expulsion of Asians in Uganda in 1972
  On 4 August 1972, the then President of Uganda, Idi Amin, ordered the expulsion of his country's Indian minority, giving them 90 days to leave Uganda...
  
  
• Indophobia
  Indophobia
  Indophobia refers to hostility towards Indians and Indian culture. Indophobia is formally defined in the context of anti-Indian prejudice in East Africa and Australia as follows: "Indophobia is a tendency to react negatively towards people of Indian...
  
  
• Pioneer Column
  Pioneer Column
  The Pioneer Column was a force raised by Cecil Rhodes and his British South Africa Company in 1890 and used in his efforts to annex the territory of Mashonaland, later part of Southern Rhodesia ....
  
  
• Shaka the Zulu
  Shaka
  Shaka kaSenzangakhona , also known as Shaka Zulu , was the most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom....
  
  
• South Africa under apartheid
• Volkstaat
  Volkstaat
  Volkstaat is a proposal for the establishment of self determination for the Boer and Afrikaners minority in South Africa according to federal principles, alluding to full independence in the form of a homeland for Boer and Afrikaners....
  
  

History of Africa by period

• Prehistory
  • Pleistocene human population bottleneck in Africa
  • Prehistoric Central North Africa
    Prehistoric Central North Africa
    - Early and middle Paleolithic :Earlier inhabitants of central North Africa have left behind equally significant remains. Early remnants of hominid occupation in North Africa, for example, were found in Ain el Hanech, near Saïda ; in fact, more recent investigations have found signs of Oldowan...
    
    
• Ancient African history
  • Ancient History of South Africa
  • Copper Age in Africa
    Copper metallurgy in Africa
    Copper metallurgy in Africa encompasses the study of copper production across the continent and an understanding of how it influenced aspects of African archaeology.- Origins :...
    
    
  • Iron Age in Africa
    Iron Metallurgy in Africa
    African iron metallurgy encompasses a study of iron production across the continent and an understanding of how it influenced aspects of African archaeology. Extraordinary diversity has originated from iron production creating advanced farming techniques through tools, deadly warfare and valuable...
    
    
  • Olmec alternative origin speculations
    Olmec alternative origin speculations
    Olmec alternative origin speculations are explanations that have been suggested for the formation of Olmec civilization which contradict generally accepted scholarly consensus. These origin theories typically involve contact with Old World societies...
    
    
• Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
  Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
  Theories of Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact are those theories that propose interaction between indigenous peoples of the Americas who settled the Americas before 10,000 BC, and peoples of other continents , which occurred before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean in 1492.Many...
  
  
  • Pre-Columbian Africa-Americas contact theories
• European exploration of Africa
  European exploration of Africa
  European exploration of Africa began with Ancient Greeks and Romans, who explored and established settlements in North Africa. Fifteenth Century Portugal, especially under Henry the Navigator probed along the West African coast. Scientific curiosity and Christian missionary spirit soon were...
  
  
• Colonisation of Africa
  Colonisation of Africa
  The colonisation of Africa has a long history, the most famous phase being the European Scramble for Africa during the late 19th and early 20th century.- Ancient colonialism :...
  
  
  • Blockade of Africa
    Blockade of Africa
    The Blockade of Africa began in 1807 when Britain outlawed the Atlantic slave trade, making it illegal for British ships to transport slaves. The Royal Navy immediately established a presence off Africa in order to enforce the ban, called the West Africa Squadron...
    
    
  • Scramble for Africa
    Scramble for Africa
    The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Race for Africa or Partition of Africa was a process of invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the New Imperialism period, between 1881 and World War I in 1914...
    
    
• African theatre of World War I
  African theatre of World War I
  The African Theatre of World War I comprises geographically distinct campaigns around the German colonies of Kamerun, the Volta Region of Ghana, Togo, South-West Africa, and German East Africa.-Overview:...
  
  
• Decolonisation of Africa
  • Year of Africa
    Year of Africa
    -Granted independence in 1960 from France:* Mauritania* Mali Federation * Gabon* Republic of the Congo * Central African Republic* Chad* Ivory Coast...
    
    

History of Africa by year and month

2007 in Africa

2007 in Africa

-Other organizations:* ACP — European Union: The 14th ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly was held in Kigali, Rwanda in November. Resolutions on electoral processes in ACP and EU countries, healthcare and medicine, natural disasters and the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo were adopted...

: January

January 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in January 2007.*Mohamed Lamine Sanha, the former suspected leader of several coup attempts in Guinea-Bissau, dies after being attacked by armed men in civilian clothing 2 days earlier. News of Sanha's death sparks a riot in a...

 February

February 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in February 2007.*Unions in Guinea resume a general strike to protest the President of Guinea Lansana Conté appointing a close ally Eugène Camara as Prime Minister of Guinea. At least 17 people have died in protests over the weekend...

 March April

April 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in April 2007.*Zimbabwe's Roman Catholic bishops call on the President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe to stand down or face "open revolt" in a message posted on church bulletin boards across the country...

 May

May 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in May 2007.* The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Sudanese humanitarian affairs minister Ahmed Haroun and Janjaweed leader Ali Kushayb on charges of war crimes committed during the Darfur conflict...

 June

June 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in June 2007.*The President of Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika accepts the resignation of his Cabinet after recent elections. The Prime Minister of Algeria Abdelaziz Belkhadem is expected to retain his position when a new Cabinet is...

 July August

August 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in August 2007.*Following the release of six medics convicted of infecting Libyan children with HIV, Bulgaria is to waive Libyan debts worth $57 million....

 September

September 2007 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in September 2007.*Sudan postpones a census that is a crucial for the success of two national elections....

 October

2006 in Africa

2006 in Africa

-African Union :*The AU met in Khartoum on January 23 and January 24, 2006. It decided against the extradition of former Chadian president Hissène Habré to Belgium and announced the formation of a commission to find an African judiciary to try him. Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of...

: January February March April May June July

July 2006 in Africa

This page deals with events in or related to the continent of Africa in July 2006.*UFDC rebels attack the Chadian city of Ade and battle the Military of Chad. Both the UFDC and the Déby administration claim to have control over the city, stating that opposing forces have fled...

 August September October November December

2005 in Africa

2005 in Africa

-African Union:* The first summit of heads of state of the African Union's Peace and Security Council was held in Libreville on January 10 and January 11, 2005. The summit focused on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Darfur.* The African Union summit was held on...

: October

October 2005 in Africa

This page deals with events that took place from October 2005 in or of interest to the Continent of Africa, -31 October 2005 :* Liberian elections, 2005: Campaigning in the run-off election has begun....

 November December

1960 in Africa

1960 in Africa

Known as the Year of Africa, 1960 saw 17 African countries declare independence among other events.-January:* Mau Mau Uprising is officially over in Kenya.* 9–11 January – Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt....

(known as the "Year of Africa

Year of Africa

-Granted independence in 1960 from France:* Mauritania* Mali Federation * Gabon* Republic of the Congo * Central African Republic* Chad* Ivory Coast...

")

History of Africa by region

• History of Central Africa
• History of East Africa
• History of North Africa
  History of North Africa
  North Africa is a relatively thin strip of land between the Sahara desert and the Mediterranean, stretching from Moroccan Atlantic coast to Egypt. The region comprises the modern countries, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania, Libya and Egypt. The history of the region is a mix of influences...
  
  
• History of Southern Africa
  • Ancient History of South Africa
• History of West Africa
  History of West Africa
  The partial history of West Africa can be divided into five major periods:#Its prehistory, in which the first human settlers arrived, agriculture developed, and contact made with the Mediterranean civilizations to the north....
  
  

History of Africa by subject

• African archaeology
  African archaeology
  The continent of Africa has the longest record of human activity of any part of the world and along with its geographical extent, it contains an enormous archaeological resource...
  
  
• Assassinations in Africa
• Economic history of Africa
  Economic history of Africa
  Humanity originated in Africa, and as soon as human societies existed so did economic activity. Earliest humans were hunter gatherers living in small, family groupings. Even then there was considerable trade that could cover long distances...
  
  
• Extinct animals of Africa
• Extinct languages of Africa
• Fascism in Africa
  Fascism in Africa
  Fascism in Africa refers to the phenomenon of fascist parties and movements that were active in Africa. Due to the status of Africa as an area of colonialism during the inter-war period fascist movements rarely developed...
  
  
• Legends of Africa
  Legends of Africa
  Africa has a wealth of history which is largely unrecorded. Myths, fables and legends abound.-Imhotep of Egypt:The father of medicine, the first architect, the builder of first pyramid....
  
  
• Military history of Africa
  Military history of Africa
  The military history of Africa is one of the oldest and most eclectic military histories. Africa is a continent of many regions with diverse populations speaking hundreds of different languages and practicing an array of cultures and religions...
  
  
  • African military systems to 1800
    African military systems to 1800
    African military systems to 1800 refers to the evolution of military systems on the African continent prior to 1800, with emphasis on the role of indigenous states and peoples. Development of the military art generally moved from the simple to the more sophisticated as economies and cultures became...
    
    
  • African military systems (1800–1900)
  • African military systems after 1900
    African military systems after 1900
    As the 20th century started, most of Africa, with the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia was under colonial rule. By the 1980s, most nations were independent...
    
    
• Natural history of Africa
• Political history of Eastern Africa
  Political history of Eastern Africa
  -Ancient and Medieval history:*25th century BC: Earliest recorded Egyptian expedition to the Land of Punt in the Horn of Africa organized by Pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty....
  
  
• Science and technology in Africa
  Science and technology in Africa
  Science and technology in Africa has a history stretching to the beginning of the human species, stretching back to the first evidence of tool use by hominid ancestors in the areas of Africa where humans are believed to have evolved....
  
  
• Slavery
  • African slave trade
    African slave trade
    Systems of servitude and slavery were common in many parts of Africa, as they were in much of the ancient world. In some African societies, the enslaved people were also indentured servants and fully integrated; in others, they were treated much worse...
    
    
  • Slavery in Africa
    Slavery in Africa
    -Chattel slavery:Chattel slavery was the type of slavery practiced in the Americas during the time of the Atlantic slave trade.Slaves were used as workers for Americans.-Pawnship:...
    
    

Empires in Africa

• Adal Sultanate
  Adal Sultanate
  The Adal Sultanate or the Kingdom of Adal was a medieval multi-ethnic Muslim state located in the Horn of Africa.-Overview:...
  
  
• Ajuuraan State
  Ajuuraan State
  The Ajuuraan state or Ajuuraan sultanate was a Somali Muslim empire that ruled over large parts of East Africa in the Middle Ages. Through a strong centralized administration and an aggressive military stance towards invaders, the Ajuuraan Empire successfully resisted an Oromo invasion from the...
  
  
• Almohad Caliphate
• Almoravid Caliphate
• Aro Confederacy
  Aro Confederacy
  The Aro Confederacy was a political union orchestrated by the Igbo subgroup, the Aro people, centered in Arochukwu in present day Southeastern Nigeria. Their influence and presence was across Eastern Nigeria into parts of the Niger Delta and Southern Igala during the 18th and 19th centuries...
  
  
• Asante Union
• Ayyubid Sultanate
• Bamana Empire
• Benin Empire
  Benin Empire
  The Benin Empire was a pre-colonial African state in what is now modern Nigeria. It is not to be confused with the modern-day country called Benin, formerly called Dahomey.-Origin:...
  
  
• Bornu Empire
  Bornu Empire
  The Bornu Empire was an African state of Nigeria from 1396 to 1893. It was a continuation of the great Kanem Empire founded centuries earlier by the Sayfawa Dynasty...
  
  
• Ethiopian Empire
  Ethiopian Empire
  The Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia, covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers, and included in its peripheries Zeila, Djibouti, Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia...
  
  
• Fatimid Caliphate
• Ghana Empire
  Ghana Empire
  The Ghana Empire or Wagadou Empire was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania, and Western Mali. Complex societies had existed in the region since about 1500 BCE, and around Ghana's core region since about 300 CE...
  
  
• Kaabu Empire
• Kanem Empire
  Kanem Empire
  The Kanem Empire was located in the present countries of Chad, Nigeria and Libya. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of southern Libya , eastern Niger and north-eastern Nigeria...
  
  
• Kong Empire
  Kong Empire
  The Kong Empire , also known as the Wattara Empire or Ouattara Empire for its founder, was a pre-colonial African Muslim state centered in north eastern Cote d'Ivoire that also encompassed much of present-day Burkina Faso.-Early Period:...
  
  
• Liberian Republic
• Luba Empire
• Lunda Empire
• Mali Empire
  Mali Empire
  The Mali Empire or Mandingo Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I...
  
  
• Mamluk Sultanate
  Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
  The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt was the final independent Egyptian state prior to the establishment of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1805. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid Dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. The sultanate's ruling caste was composed of Mamluks, Arabised...
  
  
• Marinid dynasty
• Oyo Empire
  Oyo Empire
  The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire of what is today southwestern Nigeria. The empire was established before the 14th century and grew to become one of the largest West African states encountered by European explorers. It rose to preeminence through its possession of a powerful cavalry and wealth...
  
  
• Sennar Sultanate
• Sokoto Caliphate
• Songhai Empire
  Songhai Empire
  The Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire, was a state located in western Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. This empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai. Its capital was the city...
  
  
• Wassoulou Empire
  Wassoulou Empire
  The Wassoulou Empire, sometimes referred to as the Mandinka Empire, was a short-lived empire of West Africa built from the conquests of Dyula ruler Samori Ture and destroyed by the French colonial army....
  
  
• Wolof Empire

Culture of Africa

Main article: Culture of Africa

Culture of Africa

The culture of Africa encompasses and includes all cultures within the continent of Africa. There is a political or racial split between North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa, which is in turn divided into a great number of ethnic cultures...

• Architecture of Africa
  Architecture of Africa
  The architecture of Africa, like other aspects of the culture of Africa, is exceptionally diverse. Many ethno-linguistic groups throughout the history of Africa have had their own architectural traditions...
  
  
  • Castles in Africa
  • Mosques in Africa
  • Tallest buildings in Africa
  • Architecture of Egypt
    • Ancient Egyptian architecture
      Ancient Egyptian architecture
      The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations which developed a vast array of diverse structures encompassing ancient Egyptian architecture...
      
      
      • Egyptian pyramids
        Egyptian pyramids
        The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.There are 138 pyramids discovered in Egypt as of 2008. Most were built as tombs for the country's Pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found...
        
        
      • Urban planning in ancient Egypt
        Urban planning in ancient Egypt
        The use of urban planning in ancient Egypt is a matter of continuous debate. Because ancient sites usually survive only in fragments, and many ancient Egyptian cities have been continuously inhabited since their original forms, relatively little is actually understood about the general designs of...
        
        
    • Egyptian Revival architecture
      Egyptian Revival architecture
      Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile during 1798....
      
      
    • Egyptian revival decorative arts
      Egyptian revival decorative arts
      Egyptian revival decorative arts is an early nineteenth century movement in which Egyptian motifs were applied to a wide variety of Decorative arts objects....
      
      
  • Architect Africa Film Festival
    Architect Africa Film Festival
    The Architect Africa Film Festival is a bi-annual architectural event held in South Africa by the Architects Collective of South Africa. For the duration of three weeks, the Architect Africa Film Festival travels to Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town, Bloemfontein and Port Elizabeth where up to 25...
    
    
  • Architecture of Ethiopia
  • Architecture of Somalia
    Architecture of Somalia
    Somalian architecture is the engineering and designing of multiple different construction types such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, temples, aqueducts, lighthouses, towers and tombs during the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Somalia, as well as the fusion of...
    
    
  • Art Deco in Durban
    Art Deco in Durban
    Art Deco is a truly international style. Born in the 1920s the movement's origins are French. In the 1930s American designers adopted it as their own distinctive style with impressive effect. Yet throughout the world many other countries also identified with the style and added their own local...
    
    
  • Cape Dutch architecture
    Cape Dutch architecture
    -Introduction:Cape Dutch architecture is an architectural style found in the Western Cape of South Africa. The style was prominent in the early days of the Cape Colony, and the name derives from the fact that the initial settlers of the Cape were primarily Dutch...
    
    
  • Rondavel
    Rondavel
    A rondavel is a westernised version of the African-style hut.The rondavel is usually round or oval in shape and is traditionally made with materials that can be locally found in raw form. Its walls are often constructed from stones. The mortar may consist of sand, soil, or combinations of these,...
    
    
• Caste system in Africa
  Caste system in Africa
  Countries in Africa who have societies with caste systems within their borders include Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Niger, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Algeria, Nigeria, Chad, Ethiopia, and Somalia....
  
  
• Etiquette in Africa
  Etiquette in Africa
  As expectations regarding good manners differ from person to person and vary according to each situation, no treatise on the rules of etiquette nor any list of faux pas can ever be complete. As the perception of behaviors and actions vary, intercultural competence is essential...
  
  
• Languages of Africa
  Languages of Africa
  There are over 2100 and by some counts over 3000 languages spoken natively in Africa in several major language families:*Afro-Asiatic spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel...
  
  
  • List of African languages
  • Languages of the African Union
    Languages of the African Union
    The languages of the African Union are languages used by citizens within the member states of the AU. The Union has defined all languages of Africa as official, and currently uses Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Swahili...
    
    
  • Endangered languages in Africa
  • Portuguese in Africa
  • Writing systems of Africa
    Writing systems of Africa
    The writing systems of Africa refer to the current and historical practice of writing systems on the African continent, both indigenous and those introduced....
    
    
• Prostitution in Africa
  Prostitution in Africa
  Prostitution in Africa is illegal in most countries. Nevertheless, it is frequently common in practice, driven by the widespread poverty in many sub-Saharan African countries, and is one of the drivers for the prevalence of AIDS in Africa...
  
  
• Racism in Africa
  Racism in Africa
  -Botswana:Since the mid-1990s the central government of Botswana has been trying to move Bushmen out of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve even though the national constitution guarantees the Bushmen the right to live there in perpetuity...
  
  
• Slavery in modern Africa
  Slavery in modern Africa
  Slavery in Africa continues today. Slavery existed in Africa before the arrival of the Atlantic slave trade, as did an internal African slave trade and an Arab slave trade...
  
  
• Writing systems of Africa
  Writing systems of Africa
  The writing systems of Africa refer to the current and historical practice of writing systems on the African continent, both indigenous and those introduced....
  
  
• Urbanization in Africa
  Urbanization in Africa
  It is estimated that in 1900 about 95% of Africa's inhabitants south of Sahara lived from the primary occupations of farming, hunting & gathering, cattle nomadism, and fishing meaning that less than 5% were urban...
  
  

Art in Africa

Music of Africa

• African popular music
  African popular music
  African popular music, like African traditional music, is vast and varied. Most contemporary genres of African popular music build on cross-pollination with western popular music. Many genres of popular music like blues, jazz, salsa zouk, and rumba derive to varying degrees on musical traditions...
  
  
• Afrobeat
  Afrobeat
  Afrobeat is a combination of traditional Yoruba music, jazz, highlife, funk and chanted vocals, fused with percussion and vocal styles, popularised in Africa in the 1970s. Its main creator was the Nigerian multi-instrumentalist and bandleader Fela Kuti, who gave it its name, who used it to...
  
  
• Music of Africa
  Music of Africa
  Africa is a vast continent and its regions and nations have distinct musical traditions. The music of North Africa for the most part has a different history from sub-Saharan African music traditions....
  
  

Cuisine of Africa

Main article: African cuisine

• Beer in Africa

People of Africa

• Chinatowns in Africa
  Chinatowns in Africa
  This article discusses Chinatowns in Africa. There are least three major Chinatowns in Africa.As former colonies of Europe, the coastal African nations of Madagascar, Mauritius, and South Africa were the main receiving points of Chinese immigrants from the 1890s to the early part of the 20th century...
  
  
• African diaspora
  African diaspora
  The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world—predominantly to the Americas also to Europe, the Middle East and other places around the globe...
  
  
• Indigenous peoples of Africa
  Indigenous peoples of Africa
  The indigenous people of Africa are those people of Africa whose way of life, attachment or claims to particular lands, and social and political standing in relation to other more dominant groups have resulted in their substantial marginalisation within modern African states The indigenous people...
  
  

Ethnic groups in Africa

• Afrikaners
• Anglo-African
  Anglo-African
  Anglo-Africans are primarily White African people of largely British descent who live or come from Sub-Saharan Africa and are Anglophone. A large majority live in South Africa...
  
  
• Asians in Africa
  Asians in Africa
  People from, or with roots from, Asia live throughout Africa. Some came in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as indentured labour or coolies...
  
  
  • Asian South African
  • Chinese South Africans
  • Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique
    Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique
    Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique once numbered around five thousand individuals, but their population fell significantly during the Mozambican Civil War...
    
    
  • Koreans in Africa
    Koreans in Africa
    Koreans in Africa form a very small population, estimated at only 7,900 people as of 2005. However, they are very widespread; South Korean nationals can be found in 49 countries of Africa, including the continent and its surrounding islands; they have established schools in 19 of those countries...
    
    
• Greeks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Greeks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  The first Greek communities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were established prior to the colonization of the country by Belgium. The Greek presence in the Congos reached a peak in the 1950s when many Greeks fled Egypt as their properties were seized by the nationalist government there...
  
  
• Greeks in South Africa
  Greeks in South Africa
  The Greek community in South Africa numbers 130,000 people.-Notable people:*George Bizos - human rights advocate*Stanley Christodoulou - international boxing judge and referee*Ivan Gazidis - sports business executive...
  
  
• Greeks in Zambia
  Greeks in Zambia
  The Greek community of Zambia comprises about 800 people today, roughly half of whom hail from Cyprus. Most are concentrated in the capital Lusaka, while there are smaller enclaves in Luansia and Kitue.-Migration history:...
  
  
• Greeks in Zimbabwe
  Greeks in Zimbabwe
  The Greek community in Zimbabwe comprises about 2,500 of Greek origin, almost half of them from Cyprus. Zimbabwe currently hosts eleven Greek Orthodox churches and fifteen Greek associations and humanitarian organizations.-History:...
  
  
• Indian diaspora in East Africa
  Indian diaspora in East Africa
  The Indian diaspora in Africa refers to people of Indian origin living in Africa. Most Indians in Africa arrived in the 19th century as British indentured labourers, many of them to work on the Kenya-Uganda railway, while others had arrived earlier by sea as traders....
  
  
• Indian South Africans
  Indian South Africans
  Indian South Africans are people of Indian descent living in South Africa and mostly live in and around the city of Durban, making it 'the largest 'Indian' city outside India'. Most Indians in South Africa are descendents of migrants from colonial India during late 19th-century through early...
  
  
• Indians in Kenya
  Indians in Kenya
  There are currently over 100,000 Indians in Kenya, most living in the major urban areas of Nairobi and Mombasa with others living in rural areas. Most are Hindus and with some Muslims, often with their own businesses and places of worship...
  
  
• Indians in Mozambique
  Indians in Mozambique
  Indians in Mozambique form the sixth-largest Indian diaspora community in Africa, according to the statistics of India's Ministry of External Affairs. Roughly 40,000 people of Indian descent reside in Mozambique, as well as 870 Indian expatriates.-Origins:...
  
  
• Tamil South Africans
  Tamil South Africans
  -External links:**...
  
  
• White Africans of European ancestry
• White South African
• Whites in Zimbabwe
  Whites in Zimbabwe
  White Zimbabweans are people from the southern African country Zimbabwe who identify themselves as white...
  
  
• Whites in Kenya
  Whites in Kenya
  There is a minor but relatively prominent group of white people in Kenya, mainly descendants of British settlers from the colonial era.-History:...
  
  

Some famous individuals from Africa

• Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi
  Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi
  Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi "the Conqueror" was an Imam and General of Adal who invaded Ethiopia and defeated several Ethiopian emperors, wreaking much damage on that kingdom...
  
  , Imam
  Imam
  An imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads Islamic worship services. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have a religious question...
  
   and General
  General
  A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
  
   of the Adal Sultanate
  Adal Sultanate
  The Adal Sultanate or the Kingdom of Adal was a medieval multi-ethnic Muslim state located in the Horn of Africa.-Overview:...
  
  .
• Alexander the Great, conqueror; founded Alexandria
  Alexandria
  Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
  
   in Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
  .
• Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
  .
• Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, current President of Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
  , first elected black female head of state in the world.
• F. W. de Klerk, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize
  Nobel Peace Prize
  The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
  
   for helping end apartheid in South Africa.
• Haile Selassie I, last Emperor of Ethiopia
  Emperor of Ethiopia
  The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
  
  .
• Kofi Annan
  Kofi Annan
  Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
  
  , diplomat from Ghana
  Ghana
  Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
  
  .
• Miriam, sister of Moses
  Moses
  Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
  
  .
• Moses
  Moses
  Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
  
  , prophet who received the Ten Commandments
  Ten Commandments
  The Ten Commandments, also known as the Decalogue , are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Judaism and most forms of Christianity. They include instructions to worship only God and to keep the Sabbath, and prohibitions against idolatry,...
  
  .
• Muhammad Ahmad
  Muhammad Ahmad
  Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah was a religious leader of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, on June 29, 1881, proclaimed himself as the Mahdi or messianic redeemer of the Islamic faith...
  
  , ("The Mahdi"), Sudanese rebel leader and messianic Islamic reformer.
• Nefertiti
  Nefertiti
  Nefertiti was the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious revolution, in which they started to worship one god only...
  
  , queen of Egypt
  Egypt
  Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
  
  .
• Nelson Mandela
  Nelson Mandela
  Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing...
  
  , political leader in South Africa
  South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
  
  .
• Ramesses II
  Ramesses II
  Ramesses II , referred to as Ramesses the Great, was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire...
  
  , often regarded as Ancient Egypt's greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh.
• Shaka
  Shaka
  Shaka kaSenzangakhona , also known as Shaka Zulu , was the most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom....
  
  , legendary leader of the Zulu Kingdom
  Zulu Kingdom
  The Zulu Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or, rather imprecisely, Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north....
  
  .
• Tutankhamun
  Tutankhamun
  Tutankhamun , Egyptian , ; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty , during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom...
  
  , ("King Tut"), Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty.

Religion in Africa

Main article: Religion in Africa

Religion in Africa

Religion in Africa is multifaceted. Most Africans adhere to either Christianity or Islam. Many adherents of either religion also practice African traditional religions, with traditions of folk religion or syncretism practised alongside an adherent's Christianity or Islam.Judaism also has roots in...

• African traditional religion
  African Traditional Religion
  The traditional religions indigenous to Africa have, for most of their existence, been orally rather than scripturally transmitted. They are generally associated with animism. Most have ethno-based creations stories...
  
  
• Buddhism in Africa
  Buddhism in Africa
  Buddhism, as a major world religion, is practiced in Africa. Most of the Buddhists in Africa, live in South Africa. Though there have been some conversion amongst Africans, most of the Buddhists in Africa, are of Asian, mostly Chinese, Vietnamese or Japanese descent. 0.01% of South Africa's...
  
  
• Christianity in Africa
  Christianity in Africa
  Christianity is now one of the two most widely practised religions in Africa and is the largest religion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most adherents outside Egypt, Ethiopia and Eritrea are Roman Catholic or Protestant. The presence of Christianity in Africa began in the middle of the 1st century in...
  
  
  • Roman Catholicism in Africa
    Roman Catholicism in Africa
    Roman Catholicism in Africa is the part of the Catholic Church in the various countries of Africa. Christian activity in Africa began in the 1st century when the Patriarchate of Alexandria was formed as one of the four original Patriarchs of the East...
    
    
• Hinduism in Africa
  Hinduism in Africa
  The history of Hinduism in Africa is very short when comparing it to the histories of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in the same continent. Mauritius is the only African country where Hinduism is the dominant religion, with 52 percent of the population as followers.-History:Hinduism took root in...
  
  
• Judaism in Africa
• Islam in Africa
  Islam in Africa
  From its beginning, Islam has been a central feature in Africa. Africa was the first continent into which Islam expanded, and it has become an integral part of many African cultures and histories. According to World Book Encyclopedia, Islam is the largest religion in Africa, followed by Christianity...
  
  

Sports in Africa

• All-Africa Games
  All-Africa Games
  The All-Africa Games, sometimes called the African Games or the Pan African Games, are a regional multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the Supreme Council for Sport in Africa...
  
  
• Africa Cup of Nations
• Ethiopian Super Cup
  Ethiopian Super Cup
  The Ethiopian Super Cup is a match competition in Ethiopian football, played between the Ethiopian Premier League champions and the Ethiopian Cup winners.-Finals:*1985 : Brewery *1986 : Brewery...
  
  
• FIBA Africa
  FIBA Africa
  FIBA Africa is a zone within the FIBA basketball association which contains all 53 national African FIBA federations, it was founded in 1961. FIBA Africa maintains offices in Cairo and in Abidjan.-FIBA Africa national teams:Zone 1Zone 2...
  
  
• Ice hockey in Africa
  Ice hockey in Africa
  thumb|right|[[Yassine Fahas]], AlgeriaWith natural ice only found high in the mountains far from major population centers, Ice Hockey in Africa is unlikely to become a major sport. However, there is a growing number of indoor ice rinks in different African countries that can be used for ice hockey...
  
  
• List of African records in athletics

Environment of Africa

Main article: Environment of Africa

• Natural history of Africa
• Environmental issues in Africa
  Environmental issues in Africa
  Environmental issues in Africa are caused by anthropogenic effects on the African natural environment and have major impacts on humans and nearly all forms of endemic life. Issues include desertification, problems with access to safe water supply, population explosion and fauna depletion. These...
  
  
• Fauna of Africa
  Fauna of Africa
  Fauna of Africa, in its broader sense, is all the animals living on the African continent and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afrotropical ecoregion - formerly called Ethiopian...
  
  
  • List of turtles of Africa

Economy and infrastructure of Africa

Main article: Economy of Africa

Economy of Africa

The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, and resources of the people of Africa. , approximately 922 million people were living in 54 different countries. Africa is by far the world's poorest inhabited continent...

• Agriculture
  • Push–pull technology
• Banks in Africa
• Cement in Africa
  Cement in Africa
  - Angola :* Lobitoo - proposal 2006* Nova Cimangola - state-owned cement company based in Luanda, associated with Scancem and Heidelberg Cement- Cameroon :* Douala - port - cement works* Yaoundé - national capital - cement works...
  
  
• Energy in Africa
  • Power stations in Africa
  • Renewable energy in Africa
    Renewable energy in Africa
    The developing nations of Africa are popular locations for the application of renewable energy technology. Currently, many nations already have small-scale solar, wind, and geothermal devices in operation providing energy to urban and rural populations...
    
    
• Health care in Africa
  • HIV/AIDS in Africa
    HIV/AIDS in Africa
    HIV/AIDS is a major public health concern and cause of death in Africa. Although Africa is home to about 14.5% of the world's population, it is estimated to be home to 67% of all people living with HIV and to 72% of all AIDS deaths in 2009.-Overview:...
    
    
  • Hospitals in Africa
• Mineral industry of Africa
  Mineral industry of Africa
  The mineral industry of Africa is one of the largest mineral industries in the world. Africa is the second biggest continent, with 30 million km² of land, which implies large quantities of resources. For many African countries, mineral exploration and production constitute significant parts of...
  
  
  • Mining in Africa
    • Coal in Africa
    • Metals
      • Aluminum in Africa
      • Copper in Africa
        Copper in Africa
        Copper is one of the world's most important industrial minerals, and Africa is an important world producer. While output is traditionally dominated by Zambia, South Africa and Katanga Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, many African nations contribute to copper...
        
        
      • Iron ore in Africa
        Iron ore in Africa
        Iron ore production in Africa is dominated by South Africa, Mauritania and Algeria; Zimbabwe and Morocco produce ore for use within the country. Many countries possess iron ore deposits that are as yet unmined...
        
        
      • Platinum in Africa
        Platinum in Africa
        Platinum, and platinum group metals, in Africa, are produced in Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa. Of the multitudes of companies involved in producing platinum group metals in these two countries, these are the principal operators:...
        
        
      • Titanium in Africa
        Titanium in Africa
        Titanium mining in Africa has been beset by environmental problems due to the polluting nature of processing rutile, a principal titanium ore. Titanium production in Africa includes the following principal countries and companies.- Kenya:...
        
        
      • Uranium in Africa
        Uranium in Africa
        Uranium production is an important part of the African economy, with Niger, Namibia and South Africa creating up to 18% of the world's annual production...
        
        
  • Steel in Africa
    Steel in Africa
    Steel in Africa dates to prehistory, and continues to be manufactured presently in many countries. In 2009 Africa accounted for 1.3% of global steel production or 15.2 million metric tons...
    
    
• Natural resources of Africa
  Natural resources of Africa
  Africa has a large quantity of natural resources including oil, diamonds, gold, iron, cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver, petroleum, but also woods and tropical fruits. Much of its natural resources are undiscovered or barely harnessed. Having a low human density, for a long period of time...
  
  
• Poverty in Africa
  Poverty in Africa
  Poverty in Africa refers to the lack of basic human needs faced by certain segments of African society. African nations typically fall toward the bottom of any list measuring small size economic activity, such as income per capita or GDP per capita, despite a wealth of natural resources...
  
  
• Late-2000s recession in Africa
• List of African stock exchanges

Communications in Africa

Main article: Communications in Africa

• Internet in Africa
  Internet in Africa
  Internet penetration in Africa is limited compared to the rest of the world. Measurable parameters such as the number of ISP subscriptions, overall number of hosts, IXP-traffic, and overall available bandwidth all indicate that Africa is way behind the "digital divide"...
  
  
• Media of Africa
  • Newspapers in Africa
  • Radio in Africa
  • Television in Africa
• Telephone numbers in Africa
  Telephone numbers in Africa
  -States and territories with country calling codes:-States and territories without a country calling code:-See also:*Telephone numbering plan*List of country calling codes*List of international call prefixes*:Category:Telephone numbers by country...
  
  

Transport in Africa

• Air transport in Africa
  • Airlines of Africa
    • List of largest airlines in Africa
  • List of the busiest airports in Africa
• Trans-African Highway network
  Trans-African Highway network
  The Trans-African Highway network comprises transcontinental road projects in Africa being developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , the African Development Bank , and the African Union in conjunction with regional international communities...
  
  

Education in Africa

Main article: Education in Africa

Education in Africa

Education in Africa began as a tool to prepare the local youth to take their place in their respective societies and not necessarily for life outside of Africa. In some areas, the pre-European colonialism schooling system consisted of groups of older people teaching aspects and rituals that would...

• Adult education in Africa
  Adult education in Africa
  Adult education in Africa, having experienced a comeback following the independence and increasing prosperity of many African nations, poses specific requirements on policymakers and planners to take into consideration indigenous cultural traits and characteristics...
  
  
• Association of International Schools in Africa
  Association of International Schools in Africa
  - About AISA :Founded in 1969, AISA represents the interests of international schools on the continent of Africa. AISA has a membership of schools which range in size from 20 to 3600 students. Strongly influenced by their location and cosmopolitan student enrolment all our member schools and...
  
  
• Universities in Africa
  • Business schools in Africa
  • Medical schools in Africa

Governments of Africa

• African Union
  African Union
  The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
  
  
  • African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
    African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
    The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights is a quasi-judicial body tasked with promoting and protecting human rights and collective rights throughout the African continent as well as interpreting the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and considering individual complaints of...
    
    

Politics of Africa

Main article: Politics of Africa

• Anarchism in Africa
  Anarchism in Africa
  Anarchism in Africa refers both to purported anarchic political organization of some traditional African societies and to modern anarchist movements in Africa.- Anarchism and traditional cultures :Sam Mbah and I. E...
  
  
• Conflicts in Africa
• Monarchies in Africa
  Monarchies in Africa
  There are presently as many as 165 monarchies in Africa; that is: self-governing states, territories, or nations on the continent of Africa where supreme power resides with an individual, who is recognised as the head of state. All are similar in that the sovereign inherits his or her office and...
  
  
• Political parties in Africa
• Pan-Africanism
  Pan-Africanism
  Pan-Africanism is a movement that seeks to unify African people or people living in Africa, into a "one African community". Differing types of Pan-Africanism seek different levels of economic, racial, social, or political unity...
  
  

Foreign relations of Africa

• Sino-African relations
  Sino-African relations
  Sino-African relations refers to the historical, political, economic, military, social and cultural connections between China and the African continent.Little is known about ancient relations though there is some evidence for early trade operations...
  
  

Law of Africa

Main article: Law of Africa

• Ages of consent in Africa
  Ages of consent in Africa
  The ages of consent for sexual activity vary by jurisdiction across Africa. The specific activity engaged in or the gender of its participants can also be affected by the law. Below is a discussion of the various laws dealing with this subject...
  
  

See also

• African Leaders State of Africa Report
• African studies
  African studies
  African studies is the study of Africa, especially the cultures and societies of Africa .The field includes the study of:Culture of Africa, History of Africa , Anthropology of Africa , Politics of Africa, Economy of Africa African studies is the study of Africa, especially the cultures and...
  
  
• Continent
  Continent
  A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, with seven regions commonly regarded as continents—they are : Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.Plate tectonics is...
  
  
• Index of Africa-related articles

External links

News

• allAfrica.com current news, events and statistics
• BBC News In Depth - Africa 2005: Time for Change?
• Yale Economic Review Africa: Failed Economic History

History

• Africa South of the Sahara
• African Kingdoms
• BBC Story of Africa Kingdoms

Directories

• Library of Congress - African & Middle Eastern Reading Room
• Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara
• The Index on Africa directory from The Norwegian Council for Africa
• Aluka - Digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa

Politics

• Africa Action Africa Action is the oldest organization in the United States working on African affairs. It is a national organization that works for political, economic and social justice in Africa.
• Working class history in Africa -- people's and grassroots histories

Sports

• Confederation of African Football; in English and French

Tourism