Ottomanism

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Ottomanism

Ottomanism (Osmanlilik or Osmanlicilik) was a concept which developed prior to the First Constitutional Era

First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)

The First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the Kan?n-i Es?s? , written by members of the Young Ottomans, on 23 November 1876 until 13 February 1878....
of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
. Its proponents believed that it could solve the social issues that the empire was facing.

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London News C1877 Scanned Constantinopole(1996) Opening of the First Parlement

Ottomanism (Osmanlilik or Osmanlicilik) was a concept which developed prior to the First Constitutional Era

First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)

Ottoman Empire

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
. It promoted the equality among the millet

Millet (Ottoman Empire)

Millet is an Ottoman Turkish language term for a confessional community in the Ottoman Empire. In the 19th century, with the Tanzimat reforms, the term started to refer to legally protected religious minority groups, other than the ruling Sunni....
s. The idea originated amongst the Young Ottomans

Young Ottomans

The Young Ottomans were a group of Ottoman Turks nationalism intellectuals formed in 1865, influenced by such Western thinkers as Montesquieu and Rousseau and the French Revolution....
. Put simply, Ottomanism stated that all subjects were equal before the law. The essence of the millet system was not dismantled, but secular organizations and policies were applied. Primary education, conscription, head tax and military service

Military service

Military service in its simplest sense, is service by an individual or group in an army or other military organization, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft ....
were to be applied to non-Muslims and Muslims alike.

The Hatt-i Hümayun of 1856 which promised full equality regardless of religion, and the Nationality Law

Nationality law

Nationality law is the branch of law concerned with the questions of nationality and citizenship, and how these statuses are transmitted, acquired, or lost....
of 1869, which created a common Ottoman citizenship irrespective of religious or ethnic affiliation were precursors to Ottomanism. Ottomanism was rejected by many in the non-Muslim millets and by many Muslims. To the former, it was perceived as a step towards dismantling their traditional privileges. Meanwhile, the Muslims saw it as the elimination of their own superior position. There were claims that Ottomanism was a reaction to the Tanzimat
Tanzimat

The Tanzimat , meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876....
, the era of intensive restructuring of the Ottoman Empire by the bureaucratic elite.

Ottomanism enjoyed a revival during the Young Turk Revolution

Young Turk Revolution

The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 reversed the suspension of the Ottoman Empire parliament by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, marking the onset of the Second Constitutional Era ....
of 1908, and during the Second Constitutional Era

Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)

The Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Sultan Abd?lhamid II restored the constitutional monarchy after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution....
. It lost most of its adherents during the First Balkan War

First Balkan War

The First Balkan War, which lasted from October 1912 to May 1913, pitted the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The combined armies of the Balkan states overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, and achieved rapid success....
of 1912-1913.