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Otto von Kotzebue
 
 
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Otto von Kotzebue (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 ???? ??????????? ??????, Otto Evstaf'evic Kocebu, December 30, 1787 - February 15, 1846), was a Baltic German
Baltic German

The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia....
 navigator in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n service.

The second son of August von Kotzebue, he was born at Reval
Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
 (now Tallinn
Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
, Estonia
Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
), then part of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. After attending the St Petersburg school of cadets, he accompanied Krusenstern
Adam Johann von Krusenstern

Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern was a Baltic German admiral and List of explorers in Russian Empire service, who led the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth....
 on his voyage of 1803-1806. On promotion to lieutenant, Kotzebue was placed in command of an expedition, fitted out at the expense of the imperial chancellor, Count Nikolay Rumyantsev
Nikolay Rumyantsev

Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev was Russia's Foreign Minister and Imperial Chancellor in the run-up to Napoleon's invasion of Russia . He was the son of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev from the Rumyantsev comital family....
, in the brig
Brig

In Glossary of nautical terms, a brig is a vessel with two square rig masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable and were used as both naval war ships and merchant ships....
 Rurik. In this vessel, with only twenty-seven men, including the naturalists Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz

Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz was a Baltic German physician, botanist, zoologist and entomologist.Eschscholtz was born in Tartu in the Russian Empire....
 and Adelbert von Chamisso
Adelbert von Chamisso

Adelbert von Chamisso , was a Germany poet and botanist.He was born Louis Charles Ad?la?de de Chamissot at the ch?teau of Boncourt in Champagne, France, the ancestral seat of his family....
, and the artist Louis Choris
Louis Choris

Louis Choris was a famous Germany-Ukraine painter and explorer. He was one of the first sketch artists for expedition research. Louis Choris, who was a Russian of German stock, was born in Yekaterinoslav on March 22, 1795....
, Kotzebue set out on July 30 1815 to find a passage across the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic North Pole region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions....
 and explore the less-known parts of Oceania
Oceania

Oceania is a geography, often geopolitics, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term "Oceania" was coined in 1831 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville....
.

Proceeding via Cape Horn
Cape Horn

Cape Horn island is the southernmost Headlands and bays of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile.Cape Horn is widely considered to be the most southerly point of South America, and marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage; for many years it was a major milestone on the clipper route, by which sailing ships carried tr...
, he discovered the Romanzov Islands, Rurik Islands and Krusenstern Islands
Tuamotus

The Tuamotus or the Tuamotu Archipelago are a chain of atolls in French Polynesia and the largest chain of atolls in the world, spanning an area of the Pacific Ocean roughly the size of Western Europe....
 (today Tikehau
Tikehau

Tikehau is a coral atoll in the Tuamotus. It is located in the Palliser Islands group, the westernmost of the Tuamotus. The nearest atoll, Rangiroa lies only 12 km to the east....
), then made for Kamchatka
Kamchatka Peninsula

The Kamchatka Peninsula is a 1,250-kilometer long peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of 472,300 km?. It lies between the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Sea of Okhotsk to the west....
, and in the middle of July proceeded northward, coasting along the north-west coast of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
, and discovering and naming Kotzebue Sound
Kotzebue Sound

Kotzebue Sound is an arm of the Chukchi Sea in the western region of the U.S. state of Alaska, located at . It is on the north side of the Seward Peninsula and bounded the east by the Baldwin Peninsula....
 or Gulf and Cape Krusenstern
Cape Krusenstern

Cape Krusenstern is a Headlands and bays on the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, located near the village of Kivalina, Alaska at ....
 in the remote Chukchi Sea
Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the De Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea....
. Returning by the coast of Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, he again sailed to the south, sojourned for three weeks at the Sandwich Islands
Sandwich Islands

The Sandwich Islands was the name given to the Hawaiian Islands by Captain James Cook on his discovery of the islands on January 18, 1778. The name was made in honour of one of his sponsors, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was at the time the First Lord of the Admiralty and Cook's superior officer....
, and on January 1 1817 discovered New Year Island
New Year Island

New Year Island may refer to:* A?o Nuevo Island, California* New Year Island * New Years Island, New York* New Year Island ...
.






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Otto von Kotzebue (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 ???? ??????????? ??????, Otto Evstaf'evic Kocebu, December 30, 1787 - February 15, 1846), was a Baltic German
Baltic German

The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia....
 navigator in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n service.

The second son of August von Kotzebue, he was born at Reval
Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
 (now Tallinn
Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
, Estonia
Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
), then part of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. After attending the St Petersburg school of cadets, he accompanied Krusenstern
Adam Johann von Krusenstern

Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern was a Baltic German admiral and List of explorers in Russian Empire service, who led the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth....
 on his voyage of 1803-1806. On promotion to lieutenant, Kotzebue was placed in command of an expedition, fitted out at the expense of the imperial chancellor, Count Nikolay Rumyantsev
Nikolay Rumyantsev

Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev was Russia's Foreign Minister and Imperial Chancellor in the run-up to Napoleon's invasion of Russia . He was the son of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev from the Rumyantsev comital family....
, in the brig
Brig

In Glossary of nautical terms, a brig is a vessel with two square rig masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable and were used as both naval war ships and merchant ships....
 Rurik. In this vessel, with only twenty-seven men, including the naturalists Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz

Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz was a Baltic German physician, botanist, zoologist and entomologist.Eschscholtz was born in Tartu in the Russian Empire....
 and Adelbert von Chamisso
Adelbert von Chamisso

Adelbert von Chamisso , was a Germany poet and botanist.He was born Louis Charles Ad?la?de de Chamissot at the ch?teau of Boncourt in Champagne, France, the ancestral seat of his family....
, and the artist Louis Choris
Louis Choris

Louis Choris was a famous Germany-Ukraine painter and explorer. He was one of the first sketch artists for expedition research. Louis Choris, who was a Russian of German stock, was born in Yekaterinoslav on March 22, 1795....
, Kotzebue set out on July 30 1815 to find a passage across the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic North Pole region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions....
 and explore the less-known parts of Oceania
Oceania

Oceania is a geography, often geopolitics, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term "Oceania" was coined in 1831 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville....
.

Proceeding via Cape Horn
Cape Horn

Cape Horn island is the southernmost Headlands and bays of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile.Cape Horn is widely considered to be the most southerly point of South America, and marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage; for many years it was a major milestone on the clipper route, by which sailing ships carried tr...
, he discovered the Romanzov Islands, Rurik Islands and Krusenstern Islands
Tuamotus

The Tuamotus or the Tuamotu Archipelago are a chain of atolls in French Polynesia and the largest chain of atolls in the world, spanning an area of the Pacific Ocean roughly the size of Western Europe....
 (today Tikehau
Tikehau

Tikehau is a coral atoll in the Tuamotus. It is located in the Palliser Islands group, the westernmost of the Tuamotus. The nearest atoll, Rangiroa lies only 12 km to the east....
), then made for Kamchatka
Kamchatka Peninsula

The Kamchatka Peninsula is a 1,250-kilometer long peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of 472,300 km?. It lies between the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Sea of Okhotsk to the west....
, and in the middle of July proceeded northward, coasting along the north-west coast of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
, and discovering and naming Kotzebue Sound
Kotzebue Sound

Kotzebue Sound is an arm of the Chukchi Sea in the western region of the U.S. state of Alaska, located at . It is on the north side of the Seward Peninsula and bounded the east by the Baldwin Peninsula....
 or Gulf and Cape Krusenstern
Cape Krusenstern

Cape Krusenstern is a Headlands and bays on the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, located near the village of Kivalina, Alaska at ....
 in the remote Chukchi Sea
Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the De Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea....
. Returning by the coast of Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, he again sailed to the south, sojourned for three weeks at the Sandwich Islands
Sandwich Islands

The Sandwich Islands was the name given to the Hawaiian Islands by Captain James Cook on his discovery of the islands on January 18, 1778. The name was made in honour of one of his sponsors, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was at the time the First Lord of the Admiralty and Cook's superior officer....
, and on January 1 1817 discovered New Year Island
New Year Island

New Year Island may refer to:* A?o Nuevo Island, California* New Year Island * New Years Island, New York* New Year Island ...
. After further cruising in the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
, he again proceeded north, but severe illness compelled him to return to Europe, and he reached the Neva on August 3 1818, bringing home a large collection of previously unknown plants and much new ethnological information.

In 1823 Kotzebue, now a captain, was entrusted with the command of an expedition in two ships of war, the main object of which was to take reinforcements to Kamchatka. There was, however, a staff of scientists on board the Russian sailing sloop "Enterprise," who collected much valuable information and material in geography
Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth"....
, ethnography
Ethnography

Ethnography is a genre of writing that uses fieldwork to provide a descriptive study of human societies. Ethnography presents the results of a holism research method founded on the idea that a system's properties cannot necessarily be accurately understood independently of each other....
 and natural history. The expedition, proceeding by Cape Horn, visited the Radak
Ratak Chain

The Ratak Chain is a chain of islands within the island nation of the Marshall Islands. Ratak means "sunrise". , the total population of the Ratak islands is 30,925....
 and Society Islands
Society Islands

The Society Islands are a group of islands in the south Pacific Ocean. They are an administrative part of French Polynesia. The archipelago is generally believed to have been named by Captain James Cook in honor of the Royal Society, the sponsor of the first British scientific survey of the islands; however, Cook states in his journal th...
, and reached Petropavlovsk
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the main types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center of Kamchatka Krai ....
 in July 1824. Many positions along the coast were rectified, the Navigator islands
Samoa

Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa , is a country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean....
 visited, and several discoveries made. The expedition returned by the Marianas, Philippines
Philippines

The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
, New Caledonia
New Caledonia

New Caledonia , is a "sui generis collectivity" of France located in the subregion of Melanesia in the Oceania. It comprises a main island , the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands....
 and the Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands

The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of 19 islands and atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles from the Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll....
, reaching Kronstadt on July 10 1826.

There are English translations of both Kotzebue's narratives: A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Bering’s Straits for the Purpose of exploring a North-East Passage, undertaken in the Years 1815-1818 (3 vols. 1821), and A New Voyage Round the World in the Years 1823-1826 (1830).

He died in Reval
Reval

Reval may refer to:*Tallinn, capital of Estonia*Battle of Reval*Bishopric of Reval...
 (now Tallinn
Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
) in 1846 and was buried in the Kose Parish churchyard approx. 30 km from Tallinn where his imposing monument now stands. In the last years of his life he lived in the manor of Kau
Kau

Kau can have the following possible meanings:*Kau, Hawaii is the southernmost district on the island of Hawaii .*Kau is a type of Neopets#Neopets...
(now Triigi) near Kose. Kotzebue Sound
Kotzebue Sound

Kotzebue Sound is an arm of the Chukchi Sea in the western region of the U.S. state of Alaska, located at . It is on the north side of the Seward Peninsula and bounded the east by the Baldwin Peninsula....
 and the city of Kotzebue, Alaska
Kotzebue, Alaska

Kotzebue is a city in Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska in the U.S. state of Alaska. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city was 3,237....
 are named after him.

Links

http://www.mois.ee/english/harju/triigi.shtml - overview of Triigi (Kau) manor (owned by the von Kotzebue's) in Estonian Manors Portal

External links