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Ottawa (tribe)
 
 
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The Odawa (pronounced /o?'d?w?/ in Canadian English
Canadian English

Canadian English is the Variety of English language used in Canada. More than 26 million Canadians have some knowledge of English . Approximately 17 million speak English as their native language....
) or Ottawa, said to mean "traders," are a Native American
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 and First Nations
First Nations

First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor M?tis people....
 people. They are one of the Anishinaabe
Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek is a self-description often used by the Ottawa , Ojibwa, and Algonquin peoples, who all speak closely-related Anishinaabemowin/Anishinaabe languages....
g, related to but distinct from the Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
 nation. Their original homelands are located on Manitoulin Island
Manitoulin Island

Manitoulin Island is a Canadian island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario. It is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world....
, near the northern shores of Lake Huron
Lake Huron

Lake Huron, bounded on the west by the U.S. state of Michigan, and on the east by the Provinces and territories of Canada of Ontario, Canada, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America....
, on the Bruce Peninsula
Bruce Peninsula

The Bruce Peninsula is a peninsula in Ontario, Canada that lies between Georgian Bay and the main basin of Lake Huron. The peninsula extends roughly northwestwards from the rest of southern Ontario, pointing towards Manitoulin Island, with which it forms the widest strait, joining Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron....
 in present day province of Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
 and in the state of Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
. There are approximately 15,000 Ottawa living in Michigan, Ontario, and Oklahoma
Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
. The Ottawa language is considered a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe
Ojibwe language

Ojibwe is an Indigenous language of the Algonquian languages linguistic family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of Dialect that have local names and frequently local Writing system....
, characterized by frequent syncope.






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The Odawa (pronounced /o?'d?w?/ in Canadian English
Canadian English

Canadian English is the Variety of English language used in Canada. More than 26 million Canadians have some knowledge of English . Approximately 17 million speak English as their native language....
) or Ottawa, said to mean "traders," are a Native American
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 and First Nations
First Nations

First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor M?tis people....
 people. They are one of the Anishinaabe
Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek is a self-description often used by the Ottawa , Ojibwa, and Algonquin peoples, who all speak closely-related Anishinaabemowin/Anishinaabe languages....
g, related to but distinct from the Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
 nation. Their original homelands are located on Manitoulin Island
Manitoulin Island

Manitoulin Island is a Canadian island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario. It is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world....
, near the northern shores of Lake Huron
Lake Huron

Lake Huron, bounded on the west by the U.S. state of Michigan, and on the east by the Provinces and territories of Canada of Ontario, Canada, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America....
, on the Bruce Peninsula
Bruce Peninsula

The Bruce Peninsula is a peninsula in Ontario, Canada that lies between Georgian Bay and the main basin of Lake Huron. The peninsula extends roughly northwestwards from the rest of southern Ontario, pointing towards Manitoulin Island, with which it forms the widest strait, joining Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron....
 in present day province of Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
 and in the state of Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
. There are approximately 15,000 Ottawa living in Michigan, Ontario, and Oklahoma
Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
. The Ottawa language is considered a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe
Ojibwe language

Ojibwe is an Indigenous language of the Algonquian languages linguistic family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of Dialect that have local names and frequently local Writing system....
, characterized by frequent syncope. The Ottawa language, like the Ojibwe language, is part of the Algonquian language family. They also have a smaller tribal groups or “bands” commonly called “Tribe” in the United States and “First Nation” in Canada. The Odawa nation formerly lived along the Ottawa River but now live especially on Manitoulin Island.

Tribe name

Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, supposedly from the Anishinaabe word adaawe, meaning “to trade,” or “to buy and sell”) is a term common to the Cree
Cree

Cree is one of the largest group of indigenous peoples in North America, located mainly across Canada and historically in the United States from Minnesota westward but are found today in Montana....
, Algonquin
Algonquin

The Algonquins are an aboriginal peoples in Canada/Indigenous people of North American speaking Algonquin language. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Ottawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anishinaabe grouping....
, Nipissing
Nipissing

Nipissing may refer to the following places in Ontario, Canada:* Lake Nipissing* The Nipissing First Nation** Nipissing 10, Ontario, reserve of Nipissing First Nation...
, Montagnais, Ottawa
Ottawa

Ottawa is the Capital of Canada. The city has population of 812,000, the List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population municipality in the country and second largest in Ontario....
, and Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
. The Potawatomi
Potawatomi

The Potawatomi are a Native Americans in the United States people of the upper Mississippi River region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian languages....
 spelling of Odawa and the English derivative “Ottawa” are also common. This name was applied to the Ottawa because in early traditional times and also during the early European contact period, they were noted among their neighbors as intertribal traders and barterers, dealing "chiefly in cornmeal
Cornmeal

Cornmeal is flour ground from dried maize, and is a common staple food. In the United States it is also called cornflour. ...
, sunflower oil
Sunflower oil

Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil expressed from sunflower seeds. Sunflower oil is commonly used in food as a frying oil, and in cosmetics formulations as an emollient....
, fur
Fur

Fur is a Hair of any non-human mammal, also known as the pelage. It may consist of short ground hair, long guard hair, and, in some cases, medium awn hair....
s and skin
Skin

The skin is the outer covering of the body, also known as the epidermis. It is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial biological tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and organ s....
s, rug
Rug

A rug can be:* a floor covering produced by rug making* a carpet command-line interface to the ZENworks Linux Management agent, which uses Red Carpet for Linux Management...
s and mat
Mat

A mat is a generic term for a piece of textile or flat material, generally placed on a floor or other flat surface, and serving a range of purposes including:...
s, tobacco
Tobacco

Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as an organic pesticide, and in the form of nicotine tartrate it is used in some medicines....
, and medicinal root
Root

In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil. This is not always the case, however, since a root can also be aerial root or aerating ....
s and herb
Herb

A herb is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties, flavor, scent, or the like....
s."

Like the Ojibwa, the Odaawaa usually refer to themselves as Nishnaabe (Anishinaabe
Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek is a self-description often used by the Ottawa , Ojibwa, and Algonquin peoples, who all speak closely-related Anishinaabemowin/Anishinaabe languages....
, plural: Nishnaabeg (Anishinaabeg)), meaning original people.

Language


The Ottawa language is considered one of several divergent dialects of the Anishinaabe language group, noted for its frequent syncope. In the Odaawaa language, the general language group is known as Nishnabemwin, while the specific language is called Daawaamwin. Of the estimated 5,000 ethnic Odaawaa and additional 10,000 people with Odaawaa ancestry, an estimated 500 people in Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
 and Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
 speak this language. The Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma
Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma

The Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma is one of two Federally recognized tribes of Ottawa Indians. The other is the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, located in Michigan....
 has three fluent speakers.

Early history

The Odaawaa, together with the Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
 (or Chippewa) and the Potawatomi
Potawatomi

The Potawatomi are a Native Americans in the United States people of the upper Mississippi River region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian languages....
, were part of a long-term tribal alliance called the Council of Three Fires
Council of Three Fires

The Council of Three Fires, also known as the People of the Three Fires, the Three Fires Confederacy, the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians, or Niswi-mishkodewin in the Anishinaabe language, is a long-standing Anishinaabe alliance of the Ojibwe , Ottawa , and Potawatomi Indigenous peoples...
, which fought the Iroquois Confederacy and the Sioux
Sioux

Sioux are a Native Americans in the United States and First Nations people. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many dialects....
. In 1615 French explorer Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain, , , "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, ethnologist, diplomat, chronicler, and the founder of Quebec City on July 3, 1608, of which he was the administrator for the rest of his life....
 met 300 men of a nation which, he said, "we call les cheueux releuez" near the French River
French River (Ontario)

The French River is a river in central Ontario, Canada. It flows from Lake Nipissing west to Georgian Bay. The river largely follows the boundary between the Parry Sound District, Ontario and the Sudbury District, Ontario, and in most contexts is considered the dividing line between Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario....
 mouth. Of these, he said: "Their arms consisted only of a bow and arrows, a buckler of boiled leather and the club. They wore no breech clouts, their bodies were tattooed in many fashions and designs, their faces painted and their noses pierced." In 1616 Champlain left the Huron villages and visited the "Cheueux releuez" westward from the lands of the Huron Confederacy
Wyandot

The Wyandot and Huron are indigenous peoples of North America of North America known in their Wyandot language as the Wendat. Modern Wyandots and Hurons emerged in the 17th century from the remnants of two earlier groups, the Huron Confederacy and the Petun....
. There were many wars and disputes of the Odaawaa with other tribes; for example, the tribe once waged war
War

...
 against the Mascoutens.

The Odaawaa allied with the French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 against the British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, and Odaawaa Chief Pontiac
Chief Pontiac

Pontiac or Obwandiyag , was an Ottawa leader who became famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion , an North American Indian struggle against the Kingdom of Great Britain military occupation of the Great Lakes region following the British victory in the French and Indian War....
 led a rebellion against the British
Pontiac's Rebellion

Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American First Nations who were dissatisfied with Kingdom of Great Britain policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War ....
 in 1763. A decade later, Chief Egushawa
Egushawa

Egushawa , also spelled Egouch-e-ouay, Agushaway, Agashawa, Negushwa, and many other variants, was a war chief and principal political chief of the Ottawa tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas....
 led the Odaawaa in the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War , also known as the American War of Independence, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and Thirteen Colonies on the North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers....
 as an ally of the British. In the 1790s, Egushawa again fought the United States in a series of battles and campaigns known as the Northwest Indian War
Northwest Indian War

The Northwest Indian War , also known as Little Turtle's War and by various other names, was a war fought between the United States and a large confederation of Native Americans in the United States for control of the Northwest Territory, which ended with a decisive U.S....
.

The name in its English transcription is the source of the place names of Ottawa, Ontario, and the Ottawa River
Ottawa River

The Ottawa River is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It defines for most of its length the border between these two provinces....
, even though the Odaawaa's home territory (at the time of early European contact), but not their trading zone, was well to the west of the city and river named after them. It is also the source of the name for Tawas, Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
, and Tawas Point
Tawas Point Light

Tawas Point Light is located in the Tawas Point State Park off Tawas Bay in Lake Huron in Tawas in Northern Michigan Michigan....
, which reflect the syncope-form of their name.

Due to the extensive trade network maintained by the Odaawaa, much of the North American
North American

North American generally refers to an entity, people, group, or attribute of North America, especially of the United States and Canada together....
 interior nations are known by the Odaawaa names rather than by the nations’ own names. For example, these exonyms include Winnebago
Winnebago

Winnebago can refer to:* The former name of the Ho-Chunk tribe of Native Americans with reservations in Nebraska, Iowa, and Wisconsin*A popular brand of recreational vehicles, manufactured by Winnebago Industries, of Forest City, Iowa...
 (from Wiinibiigoo) for the Ho-chunk
Ho-Chunk

The Ho-Chunk, or Winnebago , are a tribe of Native Americans in the United States, native to what are now Wisconsin and Illinois....
, and Sioux
Sioux

Sioux are a Native Americans in the United States and First Nations people. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many dialects....
 (from Naadawensiw) for the Dakota.

Modern history

The population of the different Odaawaa groups is not known with certainty. In 1906 the Ojibwa and Odaawaa on Manitoulin
Manitoulin Island

Manitoulin Island is a Canadian island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario. It is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world....
 and Cockburn Island
Cockburn Island, Ontario

Cockburn Island is an island in the Canada province of Ontario, located in the Manitoulin District, Ontario. It is separated from the westernmost point of Manitoulin Island by the Mississagi Strait, and from Michigan's Drummond Island by the False Detour Channel....
 were 1,497, of whom about half were Odaawaa; there were 197 Ottawa under the Seneca School
Seneca School

Seneca School is a public elementary school in Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada. It is located close to the intersection of Renforth Drive and Rathburn Road in the west end of Toronto, beside the Etobicoke Olympium and in Centennial Park....
, Oklahoma, and in Michigan 5,587 scattered Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
 and Odaawaa, in 1900, of whom about two-thirds are Odaawaa. The total Ottawa Tribe is therefore about 4,700.

Known villages

The following are or were Ottawa villages:
  • Aegakotcheising
  • Agushawas' Village
    Toledo, Ohio

    Toledo is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio. Named after Toledo, Spain, it is located on the western end of Lake Erie, on the Michigan border....
  • Anamiewatigong
  • Apontigoumy
  • Machonee
  • Menawzhetaunaung
  • Meshkemau
  • Michilimackinac
    Michilimackinac

    Michilimackinac is a name for the region mostly in the present U.S. state of Michigan around the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan....
  • Obidgewong
  • Ogontz's Village
    Sandusky, Ohio

    Sandusky is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Erie County, Ohio. The municipality is located in northern Ohio and is situated on the shores of Lake Erie, almost exactly half-way between Toledo, Ohio to the west and Cleveland, Ohio to the east....
  • Saint Simon
  • Shabawywyagun


Former Reserves/Reservations and their villages
  • Auglaize Reserve, Ohio – Oquanoxa's Village
  • Blanchard's Fork Reserve, Ohio – Lower Tawa Town
    Ottawa, Ohio

    Ottawa is a village #Ohio in and the county seat of Putnam County, Ohio, Ohio, United States. The population was 4,367 at the United States Census, 2000....
    , Upper Tawa Town
  • North Maumee River Reserve, Ohio – Meshkemau's Village, Wassonquet's Village, Waugau's Village
  • Ottawas of Blanchard's Fork Indian Reservation, Kansas – Ottawa
    Ottawa, Kansas

    Ottawa is a city situated along the Marais des Cygnes River in the central part of Franklin County, Kansas, located in east-central Kansas, in the central United States....
  • Ottawas of Roche de Bœuf and Wolf Rapids Indian Reservation, Kansas
  • Roche de Bœuf Reserve, Ohio – Nawash’s Village, Tontaganie's Village
  • South Maumee River Reserve, Ohio – McCarty's Village ("Tushquegan")
  • Wolf Rapids Reserve, Ohio – Kinjoino's Village ("Anpatonajowin" (Aabitanagaajiwan))


Current Reserves/Reservations and associated villages
  • Grand Traverse Indian Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Michigan – Peshawbestown
    Peshawbestown, Michigan

    Peshawbestown is an unincorporated community in Suttons Bay Township, Michigan of Leelanau County, Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan. In historical documents, the name is spelled variously as Peshabetown, Peshabatown, Pshawbatown, Preshabestown....
  • Little River Indian Reservation, Michigan – Manistee
    Manistee, Michigan

    Manistee is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States Census, 2000, the city population was 6,586. It is the county seat of Manistee County, Michigan....
    , Muskegon
    Muskegon, Michigan

    Muskegon is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 United States Census, the city population was 40,105. The city is the county seat of Muskegon County, Michigan....
  • Little Traverse Bay Indian Reservation, Michigan ("Wequetonsing" (Wiikwedoonsing)) – Charlevoix
    Charlevoix, Michigan

    Charlevoix is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States Census, 2000, the city population was 2,994. It is the county seat of Charlevoix County, Michigan....
    , Cross Village, Harbor Springs/L'Arbre Croche
    Harbor Springs, Michigan

    Harbor Springs is a city in Emmet County, Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,567 at the 2000 United States Census.Harbor Springs is in a sheltered bay on the north shore of the Little Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan....
     ("Waganakisi" (Waaganaakizi)), Middle Village, Petoskey
    Petoskey, Michigan

    Petoskey is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 6,080. It is the county seat of Emmet County, Michigan....
  • M'Chigeeng 22 Indian Reserve, Ontario – M'Chigeeng
  • Ottawa OTSA, Oklahoma – Miami
    Miami, Oklahoma

    Miami is a city in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 13,704 at the United States Census, 2000. It is the county seat of Ottawa County, Oklahoma....
  • Point Grondine Indian Reserve, Ontario – Beaverstone
  • Sheshegwaning 20 Indian Reserve, Ontario – Sheshegwaning
  • Walpole Island 46 Indian Reserve, Ontario (Bakejiwanong [Bkejwanong]) – Foreplex, Myersville, Wallaceburg
    Wallaceburg, Ontario

    Wallaceburg is a community located in the municipality of Chatham-Kent, Ontario, in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Originally a small settlement, it was recognized for its significant contribution to the lumber and boat building industries and strategic location along the banks of the scenic Sydenham River....
    , Walpole Island, Williamsville
  • Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve, Ontario
    Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve, Ontario

    #REDIRECT Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve...
     – Buzwah, Kaboni, Maiangowi, Murray Hill, South Bay, Two O'Clock, Wabozominissing, Wikwemikong, Wikwemikonsing
  • Zhiibaahaasing 19 Indian Reserve, Ontario
  • Zhiibaahaasing 19A Indian Reserve, Ontario – Zhiibaahaasing


Governments

Recognized/status Odaawaa governments
  • Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
    Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians

    The Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians are a United States federally recognized Native Americans in the United States List of Native American Tribal Entities....
    , Michigan
  • Little River Band of Ottawa Indians
    Little River Band of Ottawa Indians

    Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a tribe of Ottawa Indians whose headquarters are located on their 1836 reservation in Manistee, Michigan....
    , Michigan
  • Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians
    Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians

    The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians are a Native American tribe of over 4,000 members, with a large number living within Charlevoix County, Michigan and Emmet County, Michigan Counties in Michigan....
    , Michigan
  • M'Chigeeng First Nation
    M'Chigeeng First Nation

    M'Chigeeng First Nation, also known as West Bay, is an Ojibwa First Nation in the Manitoulin District, Ontario of Ontario, Canada. Total registered population as of September, 2007, was 2251 people, of which their on-reserve population was 882....
     (formerly "West Bay First Nation")
  • Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma
    Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma

    The Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma is one of two Federally recognized tribes of Ottawa Indians. The other is the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, located in Michigan....
  • Sheshegwaning First Nation, Ontario
  • Walpole Island First Nation, on unceded territory
    Unceded territory

    Unceded territory refers to land in North America that was never ceded to a government entity by the indigenous peoples who originally lived on this land, and that has never been set apart, legislated, founded, created or established as a reserve....
     of Walpole Island
    Walpole Island

    Walpole Island is an island and the name of a community in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the border between Ontario and Michigan in the United States....
     located between Ontario
    Ontario

    Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
     and Michigan
    Michigan

    Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
  • Wikwemikong First Nation, located on the Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve
    Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve

    Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve is an Indian reserve in the north-eastern section of Manitoulin Island in Manitoulin District, Ontario, Ontario, Canada....
    , Ontario
  • Zhiibaahaasing First Nation
    Zhiibaahaasing First Nation

    Zhiibaahaasing is a First Nation in the Canada province of Ontario.An Ojibwe community located in the Manitoulin District, Ontario, the First Nation has two distinct parcels of land: the first, on Manitoulin Island and legally designated as Zhiibaahaasing 19A, had a population of 34 in the Canada 2001 Census, and the second, located...
    , Ontario (formerly "Cockburn Island First Nation")


Other recognized/status governments with significant Odaawaa populations:
  • Aamjiwnaang First Nation
    Aamjiwnaang First Nation

    The Aamjiwnaang First Nation is a First Nations community of about 850 Ojibwa Aboriginal peoples in Canada, located in a reserve on the shores of the St....
     (Sarnia), Ontario
  • Aundeck-Omni-Kaning First Nation (Sucker Creek), Ontario
  • Chippewas of Kettle & Stony Point, Ontario
  • Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
    Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation

    Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation formerly "Cape Croker" is an Ojibway First Nation living on unceded territory in the Bruce Peninsula in Ontario, Canada....
    , Ontario (formerly "Cape Croker First Nation")
  • Chippewas of the Thames (Caradoc), Ontario
  • Garden River First Nation
    Garden River First Nation

    Garden River First Nation, also known as Ketegaunseebee is an Ojibwa First Nations Government located at Garden River 14 near Sault Ste....
    , Ontario
  • Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan
  • Mattagami First Nation
    Mattagami First Nation

    The Mattagami First Nation is an Anishnaabe First Nation in the Canada province of Ontario. They live primarily on the Mattagami 71 Indian reserve in the Sudbury District, Ontario near Gogama, Ontario, which has an on-reserve population of approximately 100 residents....
    , Ontario
  • Mississauga First Nation, Ontario
  • Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan
  • Saugeen First Nation, Ontario
  • Serpent River First Nation, Ontario
  • Sheguiandah First Nation, Ontario
  • Thessalon First Nation, Ontario
  • Whitefish Lake First Nation
    Whitefish Lake First Nation

    File:Whitefish Lake FN.JPGThe Whitefish Lake First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation in Ontario, Canada, who live mainly on the Whitefish Lake 6, Ontario Indian reserve, 20 km southwest of Greater Sudbury....
    , Ontario
  • Whitefish River First Nation, Ontario


Unrecognized/non-status Odaawaa governments
  • Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan (currently recognized by Michigan)
  • Grand River Bands of Ottawa Indians, Michigan (currently recognized by Michigan)
  • Gun Lake Band of Grand River Ottawa Indians, Michigan (currently recognized by Michigan)
  • Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians, Michigan
  • Maple River Band of Ottawa, Michigan
  • Muskegon River Band of Ottawa Indians, Michigan
  • Ottawa Colony Band of Grand River Ottawa Indians, Michigan (currently recognized only as part of the Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan)


Other unrecognized/non-status governments with significant Odaawaa populations:
  • Consolidated Bahwetig Ojibwe and Mackinac, Michigan


Notable chiefs

  • Chief Pontiac
    Chief Pontiac

    Pontiac or Obwandiyag , was an Ottawa leader who became famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion , an North American Indian struggle against the Kingdom of Great Britain military occupation of the Great Lakes region following the British victory in the French and Indian War....
    . An Ottawa chief, born about 1720, probably on Maumee river
    Maumee River

    The Maumee River is a river in northwestern Ohio and northeastern Indiana in the United States. It is formed at Fort Wayne, Indiana by the confluence of the St....
    , Ohio
    Ohio

    Ohio is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region , Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America....
    , about the mouth of the Auglaize
    Auglaize

    Auglaize may refer to:* Auglaize County, Ohio* Auglaize River* Auglaize Township, Camden County, Missouri* Auglaize Township, Laclede County, Missouri...
    . In 1769 he attended a drinking carousal at Cahokia, Illinois
    Cahokia, Illinois

    Cahokia is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, Illinois, United States. As of the United States Census, 2000, the village had a population of 16,391....
    , where he was assassinated by a Peoria
    Peoria

    Peoria can refer to:Locations in the USA:* Peoria, Arizona* Peoria, Illinois** Peoria County, Illinois** Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria...
     Indian.
  • Chief Negwagon. A chief of the Ottawa of the Michilimackinac
    Michilimackinac

    Michilimackinac is a name for the region mostly in the present U.S. state of Michigan around the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan....
     region of Michigan
    Michigan

    Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
    , commonly known as Little Wing, or Wing, and also called Ningweegon.


See also



Further reading

  • Cappel, Constance, The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: The History of a Native American People. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.
  • Cappel, Constance (ed.), Odawa Language and Legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima. Philadelphia, PA: Xlibris, 2006.


External links

  • Shultzman, L. 2000. First Nations Histories. Accessed: 2006-03-28.