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Osseous tissue, or bone tissue, is the major structural and supportive connective tissue
Connective tissue

Connective tissue is a form of fibrous biological tissue.It is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications .Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% of the total protein content....
 of the body. Osseous tissue forms the rigid part of the bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
 organs that make up the skeletal system.

bone tissue is a mineralized connective tissue.






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Illu Compact Spongy Bone
Osseous tissue, or bone tissue, is the major structural and supportive connective tissue
Connective tissue

Connective tissue is a form of fibrous biological tissue.It is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications .Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% of the total protein content....
 of the body. Osseous tissue forms the rigid part of the bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
 organs that make up the skeletal system.

Formation

The bone tissue is a mineralized connective tissue. Bone-forming cells called osteoblast
Osteoblast

An osteoblast is a mononucleate cell that is responsible for bone formation. Osteoblasts produce osteoid, which is composed mainly of Type I collagen....
s deposit a matrix of collagen
Collagen

Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content....
, but they also release calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions, which chemically combine and harden within the matrix into the mineral hydroxyapatite. The combination of hard mineral and flexible collagen makes bone harder than cartilage
Cartilage

Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocyte that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers....
 without being brittle. The microscopic structure of mammalian compact bone consists of repeating units called Haversian systems
Osteon

The osteon, or Clopton Havers system, is the fundamental functional unit of Cortical bone. Osteons are present in many of the bones of most mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians....
. Each system has concentric layers of mineralized matrix, called concentric lamellae, which are deposited around a central canal, also known as the Haversian canal, containing blood vessels and nerves that service the bone.

Types

There are two types of osseous tissue and one extra, compact
Cortical bone

Cortical bone, or compact bone, is one of two main types of osseous tissue. Cortical bone is dense and forms the surface of bones, contributing 80% of the weight of a human skeleton....
 and spongy
Cancellous bone

Cancellous bone is a type of osseous tissue with a low density and strength but very high surface area, that fills the inner cavity of long bones....
. Compact bone forms the extremely hard exterior while spongy bone fills the hollow interior. The tissues are biologically identical; the difference is in how the microstructure is arranged.

Functions

Osseous tissue performs numerous functions including:

Directly:
  • Support for muscle
    MUSCLE

    MUSCLE is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.MUSCLE is integrated into UGENE bioinformatics tool as a plugin....
    s, organ
    Organ (anatomy)

    In biology, an organ is a biological tissue that performs a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues....
    s, and soft tissues.
  • Leverage and movement.
  • Protection of vital organs. e.g. the heart (Note: some vital organs may not be protected by bones. e.g. the intestines.)
  • Calcium phosphate
    Calcium phosphate

    Calcium phosphate is the name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions together with orthophosphates , metaphosphates or pyrophosphates and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions....
     storage.


Indirectly:
  • Hemopoiesis - formation of blood cells (more correctly this is performed by the bone marrow
    Bone marrow

    Bone marrow is the flexible biological tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells....
     interspersed within the spongy
    Cancellous bone

    Cancellous bone is a type of osseous tissue with a low density and strength but very high surface area, that fills the inner cavity of long bones....
     interior.


Osseous tissue versus bones

Bone tissue is different from bones themselves - bones are organs made up of bone tissue as well as marrow, blood vessels, epithelium and nerves, while bone tissue refers specifically to the mineral matrix that form the rigid sections of the organ.

See also

  • Periosteum
    Periosteum

    Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bone, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
  • Bone healing
    Bone healing

    Bone healing, or fracture healing, is a Cell growth physiological process in which the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture....
  • Osseointegration
    Osseointegration

    Osseointegration is the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing Implant , typically made of titanium....