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Oskar Morgenstern

 

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Oskar Morgenstern



 
 
Oskar Morgenstern (January 24, 1902 – July 26, 1977) was a German-born Austrian economist. He, along with John von Neumann
John von Neumann

John von Neumann was a Hungarian American mathematician who made major contributions to a vast range of fields, including set theory, functional analysis, quantum mechanics, ergodic theory, continuous geometry, economics and game theory, computer science, numerical analysis, hydrodynamics , and statistics, as well as many other mathematical...
, helped found the mathematical field of game theory
Game theory

Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is used in the social sciences , biology, engineering, political science, international relations, computer science , and philosophy....
 (see Neumann-Morgenstern utility).

Morgenstern was born in Görlitz
Görlitz

File:Typisches Haus der G?rlitzer Innenstadt.jpgG?rlitz is a town in Germany on the Lusatian Neisse River, in the States of Germany of Saxony....
, Germany. His mother was an illegitimate daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor
Frederick III, German Emperor

Frederick III was List of German monarchs and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888 during the Year of the Three Emperors. Frederick William Nicholas Charles , known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor Wilhelm I, and was raised in his family's tradition of military service....
.

He was educated in Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
, and was a recipient of a three year fellowship financed by the Rockefeller Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D....
. When Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born Germany politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , popularly known as the Nazi Party....
 took over Vienna through the Anschluss
Anschluss

The ' , also known as the ', was the 1938 unification of Austria into Gro?deutschland by Nazi Germany.Austria was merged into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938....
, Morgenstern was in the United States and decided it would be a good idea to stay.






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Encyclopedia


Oskar Morgenstern (January 24, 1902 – July 26, 1977) was a German-born Austrian economist. He, along with John von Neumann
John von Neumann

John von Neumann was a Hungarian American mathematician who made major contributions to a vast range of fields, including set theory, functional analysis, quantum mechanics, ergodic theory, continuous geometry, economics and game theory, computer science, numerical analysis, hydrodynamics , and statistics, as well as many other mathematical...
, helped found the mathematical field of game theory
Game theory

Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is used in the social sciences , biology, engineering, political science, international relations, computer science , and philosophy....
 (see Neumann-Morgenstern utility).

Morgenstern was born in Görlitz
Görlitz

File:Typisches Haus der G?rlitzer Innenstadt.jpgG?rlitz is a town in Germany on the Lusatian Neisse River, in the States of Germany of Saxony....
, Germany. His mother was an illegitimate daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor
Frederick III, German Emperor

Frederick III was List of German monarchs and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888 during the Year of the Three Emperors. Frederick William Nicholas Charles , known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor Wilhelm I, and was raised in his family's tradition of military service....
.

He was educated in Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
, and was a recipient of a three year fellowship financed by the Rockefeller Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D....
. When Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born Germany politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , popularly known as the Nazi Party....
 took over Vienna through the Anschluss
Anschluss

The ' , also known as the ', was the 1938 unification of Austria into Gro?deutschland by Nazi Germany.Austria was merged into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938....
, Morgenstern was in the United States and decided it would be a good idea to stay. He became a member of the faculty at Princeton University
Princeton University

Princeton University is a private university university located in Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League and has the largest per-student Financial endowment in the world....
, but gravitated toward the Institute for Advanced Study
Institute for Advanced Study

The Institute for Advanced Study, located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States, is a center for theoretical research. The Institute is perhaps best known as the academic home of Albert Einstein, John von Neumann, and Kurt G?del, after their immigration to the United States....
. His first book was "Economic Prediction". In 1944, he and von Neumann co-wrote Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior

Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is widely considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory....
, recognized as the first book on game theory. Morgenstern also wrote the book "On the accuracy of economic observations". He applied game theory to business
Business

A business is a legally recognized organization designed to provide good s and/or Service to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalism economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners....
. He died in Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton, New Jersey

Princeton, New Jersey is located in Mercer County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. Princeton University has been sited in the town since 1756....
, in the United States.

Bibliography


  • Oskar Morgenstern, "Thirteen Critical Points in Contemporary Economic Theory: An Interpretation," Journal of Economic Literature 10, no. 4 (December 1972): 1184
- reprinted in Selected Economic /writings by Oskar Morgenstern, Andrew Schotter, ed. (New York: New York University Press, 1976), p. 288.