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The Orthoptera (from the Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 ?????, orthos = "straight" and pte???, pteron = "wing") are an order of insect
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
s with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the grasshopper
Grasshopper

Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. To distinguish them from Tettigoniidae, they are sometimes referred to as short-horned grasshoppers....
s, cricket
Cricket (insect)

Crickets, family Gryllidae , are insects somewhat related to grasshoppers and more closely related to Tettigoniidae . They have somewhat flattened bodies and long antenna ....
s and locust
Locust

Locust is the swarming phase of short-horned grasshoppers of the family Acrididae. The origin and apparent extinction of certain species of locust—some of which reached 6 inches in length—are unclear....
s. Many insects in this order produce sound
Sound

Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a threshold of hearing to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations....
 (known as a "stridulation
Stridulation

Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts. This behavior is mostly associated with insects, but other animals are known to do this as well, such as a number of species of snakes and spiders....
") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear
Ear

The ear is the sense organ that detects sounds. The vertebrate ear shows a common biology from fish to humans, with variations in structure according to order and species....
 is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids.






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The Orthoptera (from the Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 ?????, orthos = "straight" and pte???, pteron = "wing") are an order of insect
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
s with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the grasshopper
Grasshopper

Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. To distinguish them from Tettigoniidae, they are sometimes referred to as short-horned grasshoppers....
s, cricket
Cricket (insect)

Crickets, family Gryllidae , are insects somewhat related to grasshoppers and more closely related to Tettigoniidae . They have somewhat flattened bodies and long antenna ....
s and locust
Locust

Locust is the swarming phase of short-horned grasshoppers of the family Acrididae. The origin and apparent extinction of certain species of locust—some of which reached 6 inches in length—are unclear....
s. Many insects in this order produce sound
Sound

Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a threshold of hearing to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations....
 (known as a "stridulation
Stridulation

Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts. This behavior is mostly associated with insects, but other animals are known to do this as well, such as a number of species of snakes and spiders....
") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear
Ear

The ear is the sense organ that detects sounds. The vertebrate ear shows a common biology from fish to humans, with variations in structure according to order and species....
 is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals.

Characteristics

Orthopterans have two pairs of wings
Insect wing

Insect wings are outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to Insect flight. They are found on the second and third thorax segments , and the two pairs are often referred to as the forewings and hindwings, respectively, though a few insects lack hindwings, even rudiments....
; the forewings or tegmina are narrower than the hind wings and hardened at the base. They are held overlapping the abdomen at rest. The hind wing is membranous and held folded fan-like under the forewings when at rest. They have mandibulate
Mandible

The mandible or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds....
 mouthparts, large compound eyes, antennae
Antenna (biology)

Antennae are paired appendages connected to the front-most morphogenesis of arthropods. In crustaceans, they are biramous and present on the first two segments of the head, with the smaller pair known as antennules....
 length varies with species. Their saltatorial hind legs are elongated for jumping.

Life cycle

Orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or gradual metamorphosis. Most grasshoppers lay their eggs
Egg (biology)

In most birds and reptiles, an egg is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. To enable incubation the egg is usually kept within a favourable temperature range as it nourishes and protects the growing embryo....
 in the ground or on vegetation. The eggs hatch and the young nymphs
Nymph (biology)

In biology, a nymph is the immature form of some insects, which undergoes incomplete metamorphosis before reaching its adult stage; unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult....
 resemble adults but lack wings and at this stage are often called hoppers. Grasshoppers are able to fold their wings, placing them in the group Neoptera. Through successive moults
Ecdysis

Ecdysis is the molting of the cuticula in arthropods and related groups . Since the cuticula of these animals is also the skeletal support of the body and is inelastic, it is shed during growth and a new, larger covering is formed....
 the nymphs develop wings until their final moult into a mature adult with fully developed wings.

The number of moults varies between species; growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions.

Orthoptera as food


The Orthoptera are the only insects considered kosher in Judaism
Judaism

Judaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts....
. (Leviticus 11:22) Although the Bible
Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
 may be read as stating that all Orthoptera are kosher except those, such as the mole cricket
Mole cricket

The mole crickets compose Family Gryllotalpidae, of thick-bodied insects about 3-5 cm long, with large beady compound eye and shovel-like arthropod leg highly developed for burrowing and swimming....
, that do not jump.

Classification

  • Suborder Ensifera
    Ensifera

    Ensifera is a suborder of the order Orthoptera, comprising insects commonly known as Cricket s, Tettigoniidae and Tettigoniidae. "Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in Latin, and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like ovipositor of the females....
    • Superfamily Hagloidea
      • Haglidae†
      • Hagloedischiidae†
      • Prophalangopsidae
        Prophalangopsidae

        "Grig" redirects here. For the fictional Dungeons and Dragons creature, see Fey .Grigs are insects belonging to the orthopteran family Prophalangopsidae ....
      • Tuphellidae†
    • Superfamily Phasmomimoidea†
      • Phasmomimidae†
    • Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea
      • Rhaphidophoridae
        Rhaphidophoridae

        The orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae includes the cave wetas, cave crickets, camel crickets and sand treaders, of the suborder Ensifera, most are found in association with caves, animal burrows, cellars, under stones, in wood or in similar environments....
         - camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas
    • Superfamily Schizodactyloidea
      • Schizodactylidae
        Schizodactylidae

        Schizodactylidae is a family of orthopteran insects found in Asia and Africa, known as dune crickets or splay-footed crickets. They are usually found in desert and sandy areas....
         - dune crickets
    • Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea
      • Anostostomatidae
        Anostostomatidae

        Anostostomatidae is a family in the order Orthoptera. It is sometimes referred to as Mimnermidae or Henicidae in some taxonomies, and common names include King crickets in South Africa, and wetas in New Zealand....
         - wetas, king crickets
      • Cooloolidae
        Cooloolidae

        Cooloola is a genus of ensiferan orthopterans. It is the only genus in the family Cooloolidae of the superfamily Gryllacridoidea.Four species are known from this family, all endemic to Queensland, Australia....
      • Gryllacrididae
        Gryllacrididae

        A Gryllacrididae are Australian insect related to a grasshopper. They are known for being more aggressive than other insects. They are also referred to as "camel crickets."...
         - leaf-rolling crickets
      • Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem crickets
    • Superfamily Tettigonioidea
      • Haglotettigoniidae†
      • Tettigoniidae
        Tettigoniidae

        The family Tettigoniidae, known in American English as katydids and in British English as bush-crickets, contains more than 6,400 species....
         - katydids / bush crickets
  • Suborder Caelifera - grasshoppers, locusts
    • Infraorder Acrididea
      • Superfamily Acridoidea
        • Acrididae
          Acrididae

          The Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts are of the Acrididae....
           - grasshoppers, locusts
        • Charilaidae
        • Dericorythidae
        • Lathiceridae
        • Lentulidae
        • Lithidiidae
        • Ommexechidae
        • Pamphagidae - toad grasshoppers
        • Pyrgacrididae
        • Romaleidae
          Romaleidae

          The Romaleidae or lubber grasshoppers are a family of grasshoppers....
        • Tristiridae
      • Superfamily Eumastacoidea
        • Chorotypidae
        • Episactidae
        • Eumastacidae
        • Euschmidtiidae
        • Mastacideidae
        • Morabidae
        • Promastacidae†
        • Proscopiidae
        • Thericleidae
      • Superfamily Locustopsoidea†
        • Araripelocustidae†
        • Bouretidae†
        • Eolocustopsidae†
        • Locustavidae†
        • Locustopsidae†
      • Superfamily Pneumoroidea
        • Pneumoridae - bladder grasshoppers
      • Superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea
        • Pyrgomorphidae - gaudy grasshoppers
      • Superfamily Tanaoceroidea
        • Tanaoceridae
      • Superfamily Tetrigoidea
        • Tetrigidae
          Tetrigidae

          Tetrigidae is a family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes cricket s, grasshoppers, and katydids. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called grouse locusts, pygmy locusts, groundhoppers or pygmy grasshoppers....
           - grouse locusts
      • Superfamily Trigonopterygoidea
        • Trigonopterygidae
        • Xyronotidae
    • Infraorder Tridactylidea
      • Superfamily Dzhajloutshelloidea†
        • Dzhajloutshellidae†
      • Superfamily Regiatoidea†
        • Regiatidae†
      • Superfamily Tridactyloidea
        • Cylindrachetidae
        • Rhipipterygidae
        • Tridactylidae - pygmy mole crickets


Orthoptera Include

Crickets, Katydids, Locusts, and Grasshoppers

See also

  • List of orthoptera recorded in Britain
    List of orthoptera recorded in Britain

    The following is a list of the species of grasshopper, cricket and allied insects recorded from Britain. The insect order s covered by this list are:...
  • entomophagy
    Entomophagy

    Entomophagy is the practice of eating insects as food. Entomophagy is seen in a large number of taxonomic groups including insects , birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals....
  • Grasshopper
    Grasshopper

    Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. To distinguish them from Tettigoniidae, they are sometimes referred to as short-horned grasshoppers....
  • Locust
    Locust

    Locust is the swarming phase of short-horned grasshoppers of the family Acrididae. The origin and apparent extinction of certain species of locust—some of which reached 6 inches in length—are unclear....
  • Walking Sticks
  • Cricket (insect)
  • Mantids
  • Katydids
  • Orthopterida
    Orthopterida

    The Orthopterida is a superorder of the Polyneoptera that represents the extant orders Orthoptera , and Phasmatodea . The Orthopterida also includes the extinct orders Titanoptera and Caloneurodea....


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