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Ordu ( Cotyora, Azerbaijani: Ordu) is a port
Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
 on the Black Sea
Black Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolia and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Seas and various straits....
 coast of Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and the capital city of Ordu Province
Ordu Province

Ordu is a Provinces of Turkey of Turkey, located on the Black Sea coast. Its adjacent provinces are Samsun Province to the northwest, Tokat Province to the southwest, Sivas Province to the south, and Giresun Province to the east....
.

u" means 'army' in the Turkish language
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
 (and the word has come down in modern English as the word horde). It comes from the same root Turkic
Turkic

Turkic may refer to:* Turkic languages** Turkic alphabets* Turkic peoples** Turkic migration** Turkic nationalism* Turkic European* Turkic Federalist Party...
 word as 'Urdu
Urdu

Urdu is a Central_Indo-Aryan_languages#Central_Zone_.28Madhya_or_Hindi.29 Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-Iranian languages, belonging to the Indo-European languages family of languages....
' (originally Zaban-e-Urdu
Urdu

Urdu is a Central_Indo-Aryan_languages#Central_Zone_.28Madhya_or_Hindi.29 Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-Iranian languages, belonging to the Indo-European languages family of languages....
-e-Mualla meaning "language of the Exalted Army"), the national language of modern-day Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
.






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Ordu ( Cotyora, Azerbaijani: Ordu) is a port
Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
 on the Black Sea
Black Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolia and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Seas and various straits....
 coast of Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and the capital city of Ordu Province
Ordu Province

Ordu is a Provinces of Turkey of Turkey, located on the Black Sea coast. Its adjacent provinces are Samsun Province to the northwest, Tokat Province to the southwest, Sivas Province to the south, and Giresun Province to the east....
.

Etymology

"Ordu" means 'army' in the Turkish language
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
 (and the word has come down in modern English as the word horde). It comes from the same root Turkic
Turkic

Turkic may refer to:* Turkic languages** Turkic alphabets* Turkic peoples** Turkic migration** Turkic nationalism* Turkic European* Turkic Federalist Party...
 word as 'Urdu
Urdu

Urdu is a Central_Indo-Aryan_languages#Central_Zone_.28Madhya_or_Hindi.29 Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-Iranian languages, belonging to the Indo-European languages family of languages....
' (originally Zaban-e-Urdu
Urdu

Urdu is a Central_Indo-Aryan_languages#Central_Zone_.28Madhya_or_Hindi.29 Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-Iranian languages, belonging to the Indo-European languages family of languages....
-e-Mualla meaning "language of the Exalted Army"), the national language of modern-day Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
. The name may have been given because in the 15th century the city was a headquarters of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 army , or alternatively the name may be a derivation from the earlier Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 name Kotyora.

History

Artefacts dating back to 15,000 BC have been found in the area, but the city of Ordu was founded in the 8th century BC as Cotyora, one of a string of colonies along the Black Sea
Black Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolia and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Seas and various straits....
 coast established by the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek is the historical stage in the development of the Greek language spanning across the Archaic Greece , Classical Greece , and Hellenistic civilization periods of ancient Greece and the classical antiquity....
 Aegean
Aegean Islands

The Aegean Islands are a group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south....
 city of Miletos.

Until 1800 Ordu was a small port mainly populated by Pontic Greeks
Pontic Greeks

The term Pontic Greeks, Pontian Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus refers to generally all Greeks from the shores of the Black Sea and Pontus, an area which was also inhabited and invaded by the Persians, Ancient Rome, Mongols , Georgians, Russians and Turkic people....
. The population then grew rapidly during the century due mainly to laws passed by the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 Sultan to settle nomadic Turkish
Turkish people

The Turkish people , also known as "Turks" are defined mainly as citizens of the Republic of Turkey. An early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." This ideal...
 tribes in the area. After the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the population grew with the addition of Turks fleeing the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n controlled Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
 and Georgia
Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
. The ethnic Greeks left the city in 1924 in the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey
Population exchange between Greece and Turkey

The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale Population transfer, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century....
. Today the population consists of ethnic Turks, Caucasians, a few Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
 Armenians
Armenians

The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....
 (Hamshenis
Hamshenis

The Hemshin Peoples are a number of diverse groups of people who in the past history or present have been affiliated with the Hemsin area which is in Turkey eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey....
) and a very small community of the descendants of Greeks.

Ordu today

Today the city is the centre of a large hazelnut processing industry, including Sagra, one of the largest Turkish hazelnut processors and exporters, and Fiskobirlik, the largest hazelnut co-op in the world. The Sagra factory shop, selling many varieties of chocolate-covered hazelnut, is one of the town's attractions.

Ordu has a liberal air compared to the cities further east along this coast and has traditionally been left-leaning and is one of the few municipalities in Turkey controlled by the left-wing DSP
Democratic Left Party (Turkey)

The Democratic Left Party is a Turkey political party....
 (when most of the Black Sea coast voted for the Islamist-leaning AKP
Justice and Development Party (Turkey)

The Justice and Development Party is the incumbent Turkey political party. The AKP portrays itself as a moderate, conservative, pro-Western party that advocates a liberal market economy and Accession of Turkey to the European Union....
).

The local music is typical of the Black Sea region; instruments include the kemençe
Kemençe

Kemen?e may refer to two different bow instruments of Asia Minor and Greece:*Kemenche, a bow instrument used in folk music in the Black Sea Region...
. The cuisine is mainly based on local vegetables and typical Turkish dishes such as pide
PIDE

The Pol?cia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado or PIDE , was the main tool of Political repression used by the authoritarian regime of Ant?nio de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal, the Estado Novo ....
 and kebab
Kebab

Kebab refers to a variety of meat dishes in Middle Eastern cuisine, Mediterranean cuisine, Cuisine of Africa, Central Asian cuisine, and South Asian cuisine cuisines, consisting of Grilling or broiled meats on a skewer or stick....
 but includes the well-known 'burnt ice-cream' which comes in two flavours, plain or caramel.

Well-known residents

  • the Ordu Municipality Black Sea Theatre Group, one of the first Turkish theatres outside the major cities, founded by Muhsin Ertugrul
    Muhsin Ertugrul

    Muhsin Ertugrul , aka Ertugrul Muhsin Bey, was a renowned Turkish people actor and director.Muhsin Ertugrul, who had important contributions to both Turkish theatre and cinema of Turkey, was born in Istanbul on March 7, 1892....
     in 1964.


Places of interest

The surrounding countryside, including the high pastures in the mountains, and the Black Sea coast have great natural beauty. Popular sites include:
  • Boztepe
    Boztepe

    Boztepe is both a village and a nearby hill in Ordu Province of Turkey. The hill is 450 m above sea level. There is a nice restaurant at the top with amazing views over the town of Ordu and the Black Sea....
     - the hill above the town, the local viewpoint.
  • Cape Jason
    Cape Jason

    Cape Jason is a Headlands and bays located at ?aytepe / ?aka villages, Persembe district, Ordu Province, Turkey. Its name is derived from the mythological leader Jason of the Argonauts....
     - Jason
    Jason

    Jason was a late ancient Greece Greek mythology figure, famous as the leader of the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcus....
     and the Argonauts (Golden fleece
    Golden Fleece

    In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece is the fleece of the winged ram Chrysomallos . It figures in the tale of Jason and his band of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of Iolcus in Thessaly....
    ).

Religious

Historical Christian sites in Ordu include:
  • the restored Armenian church on Boztepe.
  • The ruins of Bolaman Castle
    Bolaman Castle

    Bolaman Castle is a converted castle located in Fatsa in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It consist of two main parts, the inner and the outer castle....
    .
  • Cape Jason
    Cape Jason

    Cape Jason is a Headlands and bays located at ?aytepe / ?aka villages, Persembe district, Ordu Province, Turkey. Its name is derived from the mythological leader Jason of the Argonauts....
     - Jason
    Jason

    Jason was a late ancient Greece Greek mythology figure, famous as the leader of the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcus....
     Greek Orthodox Church


See also

  • Anatolian Tigers
    Anatolian Tigers

    Anatolian Tigers is a term internationally used in the context of the Turkish economy to refer to and to explain the phenomenon of a number of cities in Turkey which have displayed impressive growth records since the 1980s, as well as to a defined new breed of entrepreneurs rising in prominence and who can often be traced back to the citie...
  • Pontic Greeks
    Pontic Greeks

    The term Pontic Greeks, Pontian Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus refers to generally all Greeks from the shores of the Black Sea and Pontus, an area which was also inhabited and invaded by the Persians, Ancient Rome, Mongols , Georgians, Russians and Turkic people....


External links