Order of Liberty
Encyclopedia
The Order of Liberty, or Freedom, is a Portuguese honorific civil order that distinguishes relevant services to the cause of democracy and freedom, in the defense of the values of civilization and human dignification. The order was created in 1976, after the Carnation Revolution
of 1974 in which the quasi-fascist authoritarian Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar
and Marcello Caetano was deposed .
The order includes five classes; in decreasing order of seniority, these are:
Like the other Portuguese orders, the title of Honorary Member (Membro Honorário—MHL) can be awarded to institutions and locals.
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution , also referred to as the 25 de Abril , was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance...
of 1974 in which the quasi-fascist authoritarian Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
and Marcello Caetano was deposed .
The order includes five classes; in decreasing order of seniority, these are:
- Grand Collar (Grande Colar - GColL)
- Grand Cross (Grã-Cruz - GCL)
- Grand Officer (Grande-Oficial - GOL)
- Commander (Comendador - ComL)
- Officer (Oficial - OL)
- Knight / Dame (Cavaleiro / Dama - CavL / DamL)
Like the other Portuguese orders, the title of Honorary Member (Membro Honorário—MHL) can be awarded to institutions and locals.
List of the Grand Collar of Freedom
- François MitterrandFrançois MitterrandFrançois Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...
, former President of the French Republic (1987-10-28). - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1988-10-13).
- Václav HavelVáclav HavelVáclav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...
, former President of the Czech Republic (1991-02-20). - António Mascarenhas MonteiroAntónio Mascarenhas MonteiroAntónio Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes Monteiro was the President of Cape Verde from March 22, 1991 to March 22, 2001.-Education:Monteiro went to university in Belgium and graduated with his law degree from the Catholic University of Leuven...
, former President of the Republic of Cape Verde (1992-04-15). - Miguel TrovoadaMiguel TrovoadaMiguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada was Prime Minister and President of São Tomé and Príncipe. Currently he is the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.-Background:...
, former Presidente of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (1992-12-23). - Patricio AylwinPatricio AylwinPatricio Aylwin Azócar was the first president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.- Early life :...
, former President of the Republic of Chile (1993-04-27). - Lech WałęsaLech WałęsaLech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician...
, former President of the Republic of Poland (1993-08-18). - Fernando Henrique CardosoFernando Henrique CardosoFernando Henrique Cardoso – also known by his initials FHC – was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He is an accomplished sociologist, professor and politician...
, former President of the Republic of Brazil (1996-03-08). - Mário SoaresMário SoaresMário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL, KE , Portuguese politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996.-Family:...
, former Prime Minister and former President of the Portuguese Republic (1996-08-29). - Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaLuiz Inácio Lula da SilvaLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva , known popularly as Lula, served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.A founding member of the Workers' Party , he ran for President three times unsuccessfully, first in the 1989 election. Lula achieved victory in the 2002 election, and was inaugurated as...
, President of the Republic of Brazil (2003-10-17). - Kofi AnnanKofi AnnanKofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
, former Secretary-General of the United Nations (2005-10-11).