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The Order of Lenin (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
: ????? ??????, Orden Lenina), named after the leader
Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov and also known by the pseudonyms V.I. Lenin and N. Lenin, was a Russians revolutionary, a Bolshevik Communism politician, the principal leader of the October Revolution and the first head of the USSR....
 of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration
Order (decoration)

An order is a decoration, awarded by a government, a Dynasty, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity....
 bestowed by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. The order was awarded



From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service.

Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the Soviet Union
Hero of the Soviet Union

The title Hero of the Soviet Union was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society....
" and "Hero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labor

Hero of Socialist Labor was an honorary title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture....
" were also given the order as part of the award.






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The Order of Lenin (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
: ????? ??????, Orden Lenina), named after the leader
Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov and also known by the pseudonyms V.I. Lenin and N. Lenin, was a Russians revolutionary, a Bolshevik Communism politician, the principal leader of the October Revolution and the first head of the USSR....
 of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration
Order (decoration)

An order is a decoration, awarded by a government, a Dynasty, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity....
 bestowed by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. The order was awarded

  • to civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State,
  • to members of the armed forces for exemplary service,
  • to those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in strengthening peace, and
  • for other meritorious services to the Soviet state and society


From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service.

Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the Soviet Union
Hero of the Soviet Union

The title Hero of the Soviet Union was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society....
" and "Hero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labor

Hero of Socialist Labor was an honorary title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture....
" were also given the order as part of the award. It was also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units and ships.

The order was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930.

Design of the decoration

The first design of the Order of Lenin was made of silver with some lightly gold-plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov and also known by the pseudonyms V.I. Lenin and N. Lenin, was a Russians revolutionary, a Bolshevik Communism politician, the principal leader of the October Revolution and the first head of the USSR....
's profile surrounded by smokestacks, a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated "hammer and sickle
Hammer and sickle

The hammer and sickle is a part of communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, a Communist Party, or a Communist state....
" emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted.

The second, final design was awarded in 1934 and onwards. This was a solid-gold badge, featuring an enamelled disc bearing Lenin's portrait . The disc is surrounded by two gold
Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
en panicles of wheat
Wheat

Wheat , is a worldwide cultivated Poaceae from the Levant region of the Middle East. Globally, after maize, wheat is the second most-produced food among the cereal just above rice....
, and a red flag
Flag

A flag is a piece of cloth, often flown from a pole or Mast , generally used symbolically for signaling or identification. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed by a flag, or to its depiction in another medium....
 with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script (?????). A red star
Red star

The five-pointed red star, a pentagram without the inner pentagon, is a symbol of communism as well as broader socialism in general. It is sometimes understood to represent the five fingers of the Labour hand, as well as the Continent#Number_of_continents....
 is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel.

The badge was originally worn by screwback on the left chest without ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar
Ribbon bar

This article is about military uniform. For user interface element see Ribbon Ribbon bars are small devices that are worn by Military, Police, Fire Service personnel or by civilian....
 is of the same design.

The portrait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver
Silver

Silver is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal....
 piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate platinum
Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina del Pinto, which is literally translated into "little silver of the Pinto River." It is in Group 10 of the periodic table of elements....
 piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.

Recipients

The first Order of Lenin was awarded to the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda
Komsomolskaya Pravda

Komsomolskaya Pravda is a Russian tabloid newspaper. It was the All-Union newspaper of the Soviet Union and an official organ of the Central Committee of the Komsomol between 1925 and 1991....
 on 23 May 1930. Also among the first ten recipients were five industrial companies, three pilots, and the Secretary to the Central Executive Committee Avel Enukidze
Avel Enukidze

Avel Safronovich Enukidze , a prominent "Old Bolshevik" and, at one point, a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Moscow....
. The first person to be awarded a second Order of Lenin was the pilot Valery Chkalov
Valery Chkalov

Valery Pavlovich Chkalov was a Russian aircraft test pilot and a Hero of the Soviet Union ....
 in 1936. Another pilot, Vladimir Kokkinaki
Vladimir Kokkinaki

Vladimir Konstantinovich Kokkinaki was the most famous test pilot in the Soviet Union, setting twenty-two world records and serving as president of the F?d?ration A?ronautique Internationale....
, became the first to receive a third Order in 1939.

The first five foreign recipients, a German and four Americans
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 (one of the Americans was Frank Bruno Honey—on May 17, 1932), received the award for helping in the reconstruction of Soviet industry and agriculture in 1931–1934.

The record for most Orders of Lenin received by a single person is held by Nikolay Patolichev, long-time Minister for Foreign Trade of the USSR, who was awarded 12 times. Other numerous repeat awardees are:

  • 11 times:
    • Dmitry Ustinov, Defence Minister in 1976-1984
  • 10 times:
    • Efim Slavsky, Head of Sredmash, the ministry responsible for nuclear industry, in 1957-1986
    • Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev
      Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev

      Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev was a Russian aeronautical engineer and airplane designer. He designed the Yakovlev military aircraft and founded the Yakovlev Design Bureau....
      , airplane designer
  • 9 times:
    • Petr Dementiev, Minister of Aviation Industry in 1953-1977
    • Vasily Ryabikov, defence industry official, co-head (together with Sergey Korolev) of the first Sputnik project
    • Nikolay Semyonov
      Nikolay Semyonov

      Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov was a Russian/Soviet Union physicist and chemistry. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation....
      , winner of 1956 Nobel Prize
      Nobel Prize

      The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
       in chemistry
    • Vasily Chuikov
      Vasily Chuikov

      Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was a lieutenant general in the USSR Red Army during World War II, twice Hero of the Soviet Union , who after the war became a Marshal of the Soviet Union....
      , World War II
      World War II

      World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
       commander
    • Ivan Papanin
      Ivan Papanin

      Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin was a Russian Polar Explorer, Scientist,Counter Admiral, twice Hero of the Soviet Union awarded by nine Order of Lenin...
      , polar explorer


Among organisations and geographical objects, three Orders of Lenin were awarded to:
  • Komsomol
    Komsomol

    Komsomol is a syllabic abbreviation word, from the Russian Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodiozhi , or "Communist Union of Youth"....
    , the Young Communist League
  • LOMO
    LOMO

    LOMO or ????????????? ??????-???????????? ??????????? was/is a manufacturer of the advanced optical instruments, medical equipment, consumer still and movie cameras, lenses, professional sound recorders for motion-picture production based in Saint Petersburg, Russia....
    , Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Corporation
  • ZIL
    ZIL

    ZIL and similar may refer to:*Zavod Imeni Likhacheva , a car and truck factory*Z-machine, the language which Infocom used to produce their works of interactive fiction...
    , automobile manufacturer
  • Azerbaijan
    Azerbaijan

    Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
    i, Armenia
    Armenia

    Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
    n, Kazakh
    Kazakhstan

    Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
     and Uzbek
    Uzbekistan

    Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
     Soviet Socialist Republics
  • Moscow Region


The last Order of Lenin was awarded on 21 December 1991.

A total of 431,418 Orders were awarded.

See also

  • Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union
    Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union

    Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union are decorations from the Former Soviet Union that recognised achievements and personal accomplishments, both military and civilian....
  • Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation
    Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation

    The award system of the Russian Federation has two distinct and complementary origins. The first being pre-1917 orders of the Russian Empire reestablished after 1991....