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Oranienbaum, Russia

 

 
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Oranienbaum, Russia
 
 
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Oranienbaum is a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n royal residence, located on the Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland and Estonia all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it....
 west of St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
. The Palace ensemble and the city center are UNESCO World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
s.

In 1707, four years after he founded Saint Petersburg, Peter the Great
Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
 gave the grounds near the seaside to his right-hand man, Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov
Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov

Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimo, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Ingria ....
. Menshikov commissioned the architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
s Giovanni Mario Fontana and Gottfried Shadel, who built his residence, the Grand Menshikov Palace from 1710 to 1727 (not to be confused with Menshikov Palace
Menshikov Palace

The Menshikov Palace is a Petrine Baroque edifice in Saint Petersburg, situated on Universitetskaya Embankment of the Bolshaya Neva on Vasilyevsky Island....
 in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
, built by the same architects around the same time).






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Oranienbaum is a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n royal residence, located on the Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland and Estonia all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it....
 west of St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
. The Palace ensemble and the city center are UNESCO World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
s.

In 1707, four years after he founded Saint Petersburg, Peter the Great
Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
 gave the grounds near the seaside to his right-hand man, Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov
Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov

Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimo, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Ingria ....
. Menshikov commissioned the architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
s Giovanni Mario Fontana and Gottfried Shadel, who built his residence, the Grand Menshikov Palace from 1710 to 1727 (not to be confused with Menshikov Palace
Menshikov Palace

The Menshikov Palace is a Petrine Baroque edifice in Saint Petersburg, situated on Universitetskaya Embankment of the Bolshaya Neva on Vasilyevsky Island....
 in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
, built by the same architects around the same time). The central part of the Palace is connected by two galleries with the two-dome
Dome

A dome is a structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. Dome structures made of various materials have a long architectural lineage extending into prehistory....
d Japanese and Church Pavilion
Pavilion (structure)

File:Ahmad Shahs Pavilion.jpgIn architecture a pavilion has two main significations....
s. The Lower Garden, decorated with fountain
Fountain

A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issues from a source , fills a basin of some kind, and is drained away. Fountains may be wall fountains or free-standing....
s and sculpture
Sculpture

Sculpture is Three-dimensional space artwork created by shaping or combining hard and or plastic material, sound, and or text and or light, commonly Stone sculpture , metal, glass, or wood....
s, and the Upper Garden were laid out at the same time. The Palace is located near the Lower Park, whose composite axis is a channel leading to the sea. This channel is an imitation of one designed by Peter himself at his nearby residence of Peterhof
Peterhof

Peterhof is a municipal town within Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland ....
.

Menshikov was deposed shortly after Peter's death, and died in exile, and the palace passed out of his family. In 1743, Oranienbaum became the summer residence of Grand Duke
Grand Duke

The title grand duke is used in Western Europe and particularly in Germanic languages countries for provincial sovereigns. Grand duke is of a protocolary rank below Monarch but higher than a sovereign duke....
 Peter Fedorovitch, the heir of Empress Elizabeth
Elizabeth of Russia

Elizaveta Petrovna , also known as Yelisavet and Elizabeth, was an Empress of Russia who took the country into the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War ....
 (the future Emperor Peter III
Peter III of Russia

Peter III was Emperor of Russian Empire for six months in 1762. According to most historians, he was mentally immature and very pro-Prussian, which made him an unpopular leader....
). Over the last ten years of Elizabeth's reign, Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli reconstructed the Grand Palace, adding beauty to its decor.

From 1756 to 1762, the architect Antonio Rinaldi
Antonio Rinaldi

Antonio Rinaldi was an Italy architect, trained by Luigi Vanvitelli, who worked mainly in Russia.In 1751, during a trip to England, he was summoned by hetman Kirill Razumovsky to decorate his residences in Ukraine....
 built the Petrstadt Fortress ensemble on the bank of the Karost River for Grand Duke Peter Fedorovitch. In 1762 Empress Catherine II ordered the construction of the suburb residence called "My Own Countryside House". For that purpose Rinaldi built the Chinese Palace (1762–1768), a mix of Baroque
Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
 architecture, Classicism
Classicism

File:Nicolas Poussin 055.jpgClassicism, in the The Arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to emulate....
 and Chinese
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 motifs, the Katalnaya Gorka (roller coaster
Roller coaster

For Rollercoaster, the wooden rollercoaster at Pleasure Beach Blackpool, see Rollercoaster The roller coaster is a popular amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks....
) Pavilion (1762–1774), a cupola pavilion, and the Gates of Honor with the tower crowned by a spire
Spire

A spire is a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, particularly a church tower. Etymologically, the word is derived from Anglo-Saxon language, so it is related to "spear," rather than the Romance languages and "spirit."...
.

The Upper Park was laid out from 1750 to 1770.

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