The
Onogurs were a horde of equestrian nomads that wandered the
EurasiaEurasia is a large landmass covering about 52,990,000 km
2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface...
n plains in the 5th–8th centuries. They were ethnically closely related and allied to the
BulgarBulgar may refer to:*Bulgars, an ancient group of peoples from Central Asia*Bulgar language, the extinct language of the Bulgars*Bulgarians, a contemporary nation in Eastern Europe*Bolghar, a capital city of the Volga Bulgaria...
tribes and used to live in the North
CaucasianThe Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region between at the border of Europe and Asia. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including Europe's highest mountain ....
steppeIn physical geography, a steppe is a biome region characterised by grassland plain without trees . The prairie can be considered a steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude...
east of the
Don River (Russia)The Don is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast of Moscow, and flows for a distance of about 1,950 kilometres to the Sea of Azov....
.
The 7th century tribal alliance of
Old Great BulgariaOld Great Bulgaria or Great Bulgaria was а term used by Byzantine historians to refer to Onoguria during the reign of the Bulgar ruler Kubrat in the 7th century north of the Caucasus mountains in the steppe between the Dniester and Lower Volga.-Kubrat:Kubrat was of the kingly Dulo clan and the...
was also known as the
Onogundur-Bulgar Empire (or in its western version
Onoguria). Some scholars identify the Onogundurs with the Onogurs, considering them as one of the leading tribes of the
BulgarBulgar may refer to:*Bulgars, an ancient group of peoples from Central Asia*Bulgar language, the extinct language of the Bulgars*Bulgarians, a contemporary nation in Eastern Europe*Bolghar, a capital city of the Volga Bulgaria...
confederation.
The
Onogurs were a horde of equestrian nomads that wandered the
EurasiaEurasia is a large landmass covering about 52,990,000 km
2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface...
n plains in the 5th–8th centuries. They were ethnically closely related and allied to the
BulgarBulgar may refer to:*Bulgars, an ancient group of peoples from Central Asia*Bulgar language, the extinct language of the Bulgars*Bulgarians, a contemporary nation in Eastern Europe*Bolghar, a capital city of the Volga Bulgaria...
tribes and used to live in the North
CaucasianThe Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region between at the border of Europe and Asia. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including Europe's highest mountain ....
steppeIn physical geography, a steppe is a biome region characterised by grassland plain without trees . The prairie can be considered a steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude...
east of the
Don River (Russia)The Don is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast of Moscow, and flows for a distance of about 1,950 kilometres to the Sea of Azov....
.
The 7th century tribal alliance of
Old Great BulgariaOld Great Bulgaria or Great Bulgaria was а term used by Byzantine historians to refer to Onoguria during the reign of the Bulgar ruler Kubrat in the 7th century north of the Caucasus mountains in the steppe between the Dniester and Lower Volga.-Kubrat:Kubrat was of the kingly Dulo clan and the...
was also known as the
Onogundur-Bulgar Empire (or in its western version
Onoguria). Some scholars identify the Onogundurs with the Onogurs, considering them as one of the leading tribes of the
BulgarBulgar may refer to:*Bulgars, an ancient group of peoples from Central Asia*Bulgar language, the extinct language of the Bulgars*Bulgarians, a contemporary nation in Eastern Europe*Bolghar, a capital city of the Volga Bulgaria...
confederation. Others reject the identification of the two names.
The origin of the names "
HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
" and "Hungarian" does not originate from the
HunsThe Huns were a group of nomadic pastoral people who, appearing from beyond the Volga, migrated into Europe c.AD 370 and built up an enormous empire in Europe. They were possibly the descendants of the Xiongnu who had been northern neighbours of China three hundred years before and may be the first...
(a Central Asian nomadic people), as previously believed, but rather from the name of the Onogurs, or from that of the seventh century Onogur tribal alliance. The term was revived by Utigur-Bulgar governors like
RatimirRatimir is a Croatian and Serbian given name meaning "War and Peace". Some people with the name are:* Ratimir of Serbia, king of the Serbs* Ratimir of Pannonia, duke of the Pannonian Croats...
,
PribinaPribina, also called Priwina or Privina by Frankish chronicles, was the ruler and Prince of the Principality of Nitra before 833, and established and ruled the Balaton Principality from 839/840 to 861....
,
Salan]Salan, Dux Salanus or Zalan was, according to the Gesta Hungarorum, a Bulgarian voivod who ruled in the 9th century between Danube and Tisa rivers, mainly in the territory of present-day Bačka region of Serbia and Hungary. The capital city of his voivodship was Titel...
and
GladGlad was, according to the Gesta Hungarorum, a voivod from Bundyn , ruler of the territory of Banat, during the 9th and 10th centuries. He also ruled part of south Transylvania, and Vidin region, and was a local governor or vassal of the First Bulgarian Empire under Bulgarian tsar Simeon...
and Morut during their rule in
PannoniaPannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
.
Etymology
The word
On means
Ten, and
Ok means
Arrow in
modern TurkishTurkish is spoken as a first language by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other...
.
On Ok (Ten Arrows) is the modern Turkish plural form. Similarly,
On-Ogur in
Old TurkicOld Turkic is the earliest attested Turkic language, found in inscriptions by the Göktürks and the Uyghurs in ca. the 7th to 13th centuries AD. It cannot be considered a direct predecessor of the Uyghur language, but elements of Old Turkic can be traced in Middle Turkic such as Chagatai...
could mean "
Ten Arrows" or "
Ten Tribes".
See also
- Bulgars
The Bulgars were originally semi-nomadic people, probably of Turkic descent, originating in Central Asia, who from the 2nd century onwards conquered different parts of Europe...
- Huns
The Huns were a group of nomadic pastoral people who, appearing from beyond the Volga, migrated into Europe c.AD 370 and built up an enormous empire in Europe. They were possibly the descendants of the Xiongnu who had been northern neighbours of China three hundred years before and may be the first...
- Hungarians
- Khazars
The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering"....
- Kutrigurs
The Kutrigurs , first mentioned in 539/540, were a horde of equestrian nomads later known as part of the Bulgars that inhabited the Eurasian plains during the Dark Ages. They came into existence when the Eurasian Avars conquered half of the Hunno-Bulgars, whilst the remaining group, who were free ...
- Onoguria
- Utigurs
- Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , formally the Republic of Azerbaijan , is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south...
Bandšar who became azerAzer may refer to:*Azerbaijani*Azer , the father of Abraham the prophet according to Islam*Azer, the Soninke people of western Africa*Azer , a race from a plane of fire in Dungeons & Dragons...
(see:islamic)