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Okrug
 
 
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Okrug (; Serbian
Serbian language

name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
 and ; , translit.
Romanization of Ukrainian

The romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin alphabet. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, a variation of Cyrillic alphabet....
 okruha; Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 okreg
Okreg

Okreg is a term used in Polish language to denote regions and jurisdictions of various types, including electoral constituency. As historical administrative subdivisions of Poland, okregi existed in the later part of the Congress Kingdom period, from 1842, when the name was applied to the former powiats ....
) is an administrative division
Administrative division

|align="right"| |}Administrative divisions are divisions of a political division. In other words, they are designated portions of a country....
 of some Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
an Slavic
Slavic peoples

The Slavic Peoples are a linguistic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in eastern Europe. From the early 6th century they spread from their original homeland to inhabit most of eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Balkans....
 states. The word "okrug" is a loanword
Loanword

A loanword is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept whereby it is the Meaning or idiom that is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself....
 in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area
Area

Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve. The term surface area refers to the total area of the exposed surface of a 3-dimensional solid, such as the sum of the areas of the exposed sides of a polyhedron....
", "district
District

Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipality, or subdivisions of municipalities....
", or "region
Region

Region is a geographical term that is used in various ways among the different branches of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water, smaller than the whole areas of interest , and larger than a specific site A region may be seen as a collection of smaller units or as one part of a larger whole ....
". Etymologically, the word is similar to the German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
 word Bezirk
Bezirk

Bezirk means 'district' in German language.* Stadtbezirk * Regierungsbezirk * primary Subdivisions of East Germany since 1952* Districts of Austria...
 ("district
District

Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipality, or subdivisions of municipalities....
") or the French word Arrondissement
Arrondissement

An arrondissement is an administrative division in France, most of the nations which were its former colonies in Africa and some other French-speaking nations, as well as in Belgium and the Netherlands....
; all of the three—okrug, Bezirk
Bezirk

Bezirk means 'district' in German language.* Stadtbezirk * Regierungsbezirk * primary Subdivisions of East Germany since 1952* Districts of Austria...
 and Arrondissement
Arrondissement

An arrondissement is an administrative division in France, most of the nations which were its former colonies in Africa and some other French-speaking nations, as well as in Belgium and the Netherlands....
—refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded" (compare circle (country subdivision)).

Bulgaria
In Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
, okrugs, translated as "districts" or "counties", were the first-level subdivisions of Bulgaria that existed between 1946 and 1987.






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Okrug (; Serbian
Serbian language

name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
 and ; , translit.
Romanization of Ukrainian

The romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin alphabet. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, a variation of Cyrillic alphabet....
 okruha; Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 okreg
Okreg

Okreg is a term used in Polish language to denote regions and jurisdictions of various types, including electoral constituency. As historical administrative subdivisions of Poland, okregi existed in the later part of the Congress Kingdom period, from 1842, when the name was applied to the former powiats ....
) is an administrative division
Administrative division

|align="right"| |}Administrative divisions are divisions of a political division. In other words, they are designated portions of a country....
 of some Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
an Slavic
Slavic peoples

The Slavic Peoples are a linguistic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in eastern Europe. From the early 6th century they spread from their original homeland to inhabit most of eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Balkans....
 states. The word "okrug" is a loanword
Loanword

A loanword is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept whereby it is the Meaning or idiom that is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself....
 in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area
Area

Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve. The term surface area refers to the total area of the exposed surface of a 3-dimensional solid, such as the sum of the areas of the exposed sides of a polyhedron....
", "district
District

Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipality, or subdivisions of municipalities....
", or "region
Region

Region is a geographical term that is used in various ways among the different branches of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water, smaller than the whole areas of interest , and larger than a specific site A region may be seen as a collection of smaller units or as one part of a larger whole ....
". Etymologically, the word is similar to the German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
 word Bezirk
Bezirk

Bezirk means 'district' in German language.* Stadtbezirk * Regierungsbezirk * primary Subdivisions of East Germany since 1952* Districts of Austria...
 ("district
District

Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipality, or subdivisions of municipalities....
") or the French word Arrondissement
Arrondissement

An arrondissement is an administrative division in France, most of the nations which were its former colonies in Africa and some other French-speaking nations, as well as in Belgium and the Netherlands....
; all of the three—okrug, Bezirk
Bezirk

Bezirk means 'district' in German language.* Stadtbezirk * Regierungsbezirk * primary Subdivisions of East Germany since 1952* Districts of Austria...
 and Arrondissement
Arrondissement

An arrondissement is an administrative division in France, most of the nations which were its former colonies in Africa and some other French-speaking nations, as well as in Belgium and the Netherlands....
—refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded" (compare circle (country subdivision)).

Bulgaria


In Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
, okrugs, translated as "districts" or "counties", were the first-level subdivisions of Bulgaria that existed between 1946 and 1987. They correspond approximately to today's oblast
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
s.

Imperial Russia

Okrugs were a type of administrative division of oblast
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
s and several governorates
Guberniya

Guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually translated as government, governorate, or province. A guberniya was ruled by a governor or , a word borrowed from Latin , in turn from Greek ....
 in Imperial Russia
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. Until 1920s, okrugs were administrative districts in Cossack host
Cossack host

A Cossack host or Cossack voisko was an administrative subdivision of Cossacks in Imperial Russia. The word host is an archaic word for army, and also can mean "a great number; multitude"....
s.

Soviet Union

In the 1920s, okrugs were administrative divisions of oblast
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
s and krai
Krai

Krai or kray is a term used to refer to nine of Russia's federal subjects of Russia. The term is often translated as territory, province, country or region....
s and were, in turn, divided into districts
Raion

A raion is a type of administrative unit of some post-Soviet states. The term, which is of French origin, describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is almost always translated as "district"....
. On July 30, 1930 most of the okrugs were abolished. The remaining okrugs were abolished in the Russian SFSR
Russian SFSR

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , also called the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the Russian SFSR and the RSFSR for short, was the largest and most populous of the fifteen Republics of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union and became the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union....
 during 1930–1946, although they were retained in Zakarpattia Oblast
Zakarpattia Oblast

Zakarpattia Oblast is an administrative administrative divisions of Ukraine located in southwestern Ukraine. Its Capital is the city of Uzhhorod....
 of the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the founders of the USSR and a republic that made up the former Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 to its abolishment in 1991....
 in status equivalent to that of a district.

National okrugs were first created in the Mountain ASSR of the Russian SFSR in 1921 as units of Soviet autonomy and additional national okrugs were created in the Russian SFSR for the peoples of the north. In 1977, all national okrugs were renamed autonomous okrugs.

Russian Federation


In the present-day Russian Federation
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the term okrug is either translated as "district" or rendered directly as "okrug", and is used to describe the following types of divisions:
  • Federal Districts
    Federal districts of Russia

    The federal districts are a level of administration for the convenience of the federal government of the Russian Federation. They are not the constituent units of Russia ....
     (federalny okrug), such as the Siberian Federal District
    Siberian Federal District

    Siberian Federal District is one of the seven federal districts of Russia of Russia. It is the central of the three Asian districts. Its population was 20,062,938 in the 2002 census, living on an area of 5,114,800 km? ....
    ;
  • Autonomous okrugs
    Autonomous okrugs of Russia

    Autonomous okrug is a type of federal subject of Russia of Russia and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal subjects....
     (avtonomny okrug), such as Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

    Chukotka Autonomous Okrug , or Chukotka , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located in the Far Eastern Federal District federal districts of Russia....
    .


After the series of mergers in 2005–2008, several autonomous okrugs of Russia lost their federal subject status and are now considered to be administrative territories within the federal subjects they had been merged into:
  • Agin-Buryat Okrug, a territory with special status within Zabaykalsky Krai
    Zabaykalsky Krai

    Zabaykalsky Krai is a new federal subjects of Russia of Russia that was created on March 1, 2008 as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on March 11, 2007....
    ;
  • Komi-Permyak Okrug
    Komi-Permyak Okrug

    Komi-Permyak Okrug , or Permyakia is a territory with special status within Perm Krai, Russia. It was a Federal subjects of Russia of Russia until December 1, 2005....
    , a territory with special status within Perm Krai
    Perm Krai

    Perm Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Okrug....
    ;
  • Koryak Okrug, a territory with special status within Kamchatka Krai
    Kamchatka Krai

    Kamchatka Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia. It is a krai formed July 1, 2007 as a result of the merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on October 23, 2005....
    ;
  • Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug, a territory with special status within Irkutsk Oblast
    Irkutsk Oblast

    Irkutsk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , located in south-eastern Siberia in the basins of Angara River, Lena River, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers....
    .


Okrug is also used to describe the administrative divisions of the two "federal cities
Federal cities of Russia

The Russian Federation is divided into 83 federal subjects of Russia, two of which are federal city.References ...
" in Russia:
  • the administrative okrugs
    Administrative divisions of Moscow

    The federal cities of Russia of Moscow, Russia is divided into ten administrative okrugs, which are in turn subdivided into districts . The city does not have a downtown area; the urban core is scattered across the city....
     of Moscow
    Moscow

    Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
     are an upper-level administrative division.
  • the municipal okrugs
    Administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg

    The federal cities of Russia of Saint Petersburg, Russia is divided into eighteen city districts, which are in turn subdivided into municipal okrugs, municipal towns, and municipal settlements....
     of St. Petersburg
    Saint Petersburg

    Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
     are a lower-level administrative division.


Furthermore, the designation okrug denotes several selsovet-level administrative divisions:
  • okrugs
    Selsoviet

    Selsoviet or selsovet , lit. rural soviet , was the administrative division of lowest level in rural areas in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was preserved as an administrative-territorial unit in some of the federal subjects of Russia or was replaced with municipal rural settlements in others....
    , such as okrugs of Samara Oblast
    Administrative divisions of Samara Oblast

    *Cities and towns under the oblast's jurisdiction:**Samara, Russia ***city districts:****Kirovsky City District, Samara ****Krasnoglinsky City District ...
    .
  • rural okrugs
    Selsoviet

    Selsoviet or selsovet , lit. rural soviet , was the administrative division of lowest level in rural areas in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was preserved as an administrative-territorial unit in some of the federal subjects of Russia or was replaced with municipal rural settlements in others....
     (selsky okrug), such as the rural okrugs of Belgorod Oblast
    Administrative divisions of Belgorod Oblast

    *Cities and towns under the oblast's jurisdiction:**Belgorod ***city okrugs:****Vostochny ****Zapadny **Alexeyevka, Belgorod Oblast ...
    .
  • rural territorial okrugs
    Selsoviet

    Selsoviet or selsovet , lit. rural soviet , was the administrative division of lowest level in rural areas in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was preserved as an administrative-territorial unit in some of the federal subjects of Russia or was replaced with municipal rural settlements in others....
     (selsky territorialny okrug), such as the rural territorial okrugs of Murmansk Oblast
    Administrative divisions of Murmansk Oblast

    *Towns under the federal government management:**Gadzhiyevo **Ostrovnoy **Polyarny **Severomorsk ***Urban-type settlements under the town's jurisdiction and the federal government management:...
    .
  • stanitsa okrugs
    Selsoviet

    Selsoviet or selsovet , lit. rural soviet , was the administrative division of lowest level in rural areas in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was preserved as an administrative-territorial unit in some of the federal subjects of Russia or was replaced with municipal rural settlements in others....
     (stanichny okrug), such as the stanitsa okrugs of Krasnodar Krai
    Administrative divisions of Krasnodar Krai

    *Cities and towns under the krai's jurisdiction:**Krasnodar ***city okrugs:****Karasunsky City Okrug *****with 2 rural okrugs under the city okrug's jurisdiction....
    .


Okrug is also used to describe a type of a municipal formation
Subdivisions of Russia

Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated, Russia is divided into several types and levels of country subdivision from autonomous State to dependent subnational entities of various names....
, the "municipal urban okrug"—a municipal urban settlement not incorporated into a municipal district.

Serbia


The Republic of Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
 is divided into twenty-nine okrugs as well as the City of Belgrade
Belgrade

Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies on international waterway, at the confluence of the Sava River and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula....
. The term okrug in Serbia is often translated as either "district" or "county".

See also

  • Administrative division
    Administrative division

    |align="right"| |}Administrative divisions are divisions of a political division. In other words, they are designated portions of a country....
  • Military district
    Military district

    Military districts are formation s of a state's armed forces which are responsible for a certain area of territory. They are often more responsible for administrative than operational matters, and in countries with conscript forces, often handle parts of the conscription cycle....


External links

  • in the