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Oka River

 
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Oka River
 
 
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Oka is a river
River

A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....
 in central Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the largest right tributary
Tributary

A tributary is a stream or river which flows into a Mainstem river. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea. Tributaries and the mainstem river serve to drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater by leading the water out into an ocean or some other large body of water....
 of the Volga. It flows through the region
Region

Region is a geographical term that is used in various ways among the different branches of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water, smaller than the whole areas of interest , and larger than a specific site A region may be seen as a collection of smaller units or as one part of a larger whole ....
s of Oryol
Oryol Oblast

Oryol Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Oryol.It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District....
, Tula
Tula Oblast

Tula Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia with its present borders formed on September 26, 1937. Its administrative center is the city of Tula, Russia....
, Kaluga
Kaluga Oblast

Kaluga Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga....
, Moscow
Moscow Oblast

Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It is the list of subdivisions of Russia by population Russian federal subject after the city of Moscow....
, Ryazan
Ryazan Oblast

Ryazan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It has an area of 39,600 km? and a population of 1,227,910 . Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is the largest regional city with a population of 535,000....
, Vladimir
Vladimir Oblast

Vladimir Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the medieval Russian capital Vladimir, which is located 190 km to the east from the present-day capital, Moscow....
 and Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. With a population of 1.3 million, Nizhny Novgorod is the largest city of the oblast and the fourth largest city of the Russian Federation, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
 and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga
Kaluga

Kaluga is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in western Russia, located on the Oka River 188 km southwest of Moscow. It is the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast....
.






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Okarivermap
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Oka is a river
River

A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....
 in central Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the largest right tributary
Tributary

A tributary is a stream or river which flows into a Mainstem river. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea. Tributaries and the mainstem river serve to drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater by leading the water out into an ocean or some other large body of water....
 of the Volga. It flows through the region
Region

Region is a geographical term that is used in various ways among the different branches of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water, smaller than the whole areas of interest , and larger than a specific site A region may be seen as a collection of smaller units or as one part of a larger whole ....
s of Oryol
Oryol Oblast

Oryol Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Oryol.It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District....
, Tula
Tula Oblast

Tula Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia with its present borders formed on September 26, 1937. Its administrative center is the city of Tula, Russia....
, Kaluga
Kaluga Oblast

Kaluga Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga....
, Moscow
Moscow Oblast

Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It is the list of subdivisions of Russia by population Russian federal subject after the city of Moscow....
, Ryazan
Ryazan Oblast

Ryazan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It has an area of 39,600 km? and a population of 1,227,910 . Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is the largest regional city with a population of 535,000....
, Vladimir
Vladimir Oblast

Vladimir Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the medieval Russian capital Vladimir, which is located 190 km to the east from the present-day capital, Moscow....
 and Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. With a population of 1.3 million, Nizhny Novgorod is the largest city of the oblast and the fourth largest city of the Russian Federation, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
 and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga
Kaluga

Kaluga is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in western Russia, located on the Oka River 188 km southwest of Moscow. It is the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast....
. Its length exceeds 1500 km (932 miles). The Russian capital Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
 sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva River
Moskva River

The Moskva River is a river that flows through the Moscow Oblast and Smolensk Oblasts in Russia, and is a tributary of the Oka River....
.

Name and history


Max Vasmer
Max Vasmer

Max Vasmer was a Russian-born Germany linguistics who studied problems of etymology of Indo-European languages, Finno-Ugric languages and Turkic languages and worked on history of Slavic, Baltic, Iranian, and Finno-Ugric peoples....
 connects the name of the river to the Gothic
Gothic language

Gothic is an extinct language Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. It is known primarily from Codex Argenteus, a 6th century copy of a 4th century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic languages with a sizable corpus....
 ???, Old High German
Old High German

The term Old High German refers to the earliest stage of the German language and it conventionally covers the period from around 500 to 1050. Coherent written texts do not appear until the second half of the 8th century, and some treat the period before 750 as 'prehistoric' and date the start of Old High German proper to 750 for this reason...
 aha, Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 aqua, which all mean either "water" or "river" (cf. Aa River
Aa River

Aa River may refer to:*Aa River , in northern France*Aa River , in North Brabant, Netherlands*Drentse Aa, a river in Groningen, Netherlands...
). Oleg Trubachev traces the origin of the name to the Baltic languages
Baltic languages

The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European languages language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe....
: it was the Baltic tribe of Galindians that lived in the western part of the Oka basin prior to the arrival of the Slavs.

Historically, the river gave its name to the Upper Oka Principalities
Upper Oka Principalities

The Upper Principalities is a term traditionally applied in Russian historiography to about dozen tiny and ephemeral polities situated along the upper course of the Oka River at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries....
, situated upstream from Tarusa
Tarusa

Tarusa is a town in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Oka River, 36 km south of Serpukhov, 76 km northeast of Kaluga and about 140 km south of Moscow....
. One of the largest Russian cities, Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
, was founded to protect the Oka's confluence with the Volga. The Qasim Khanate
Qasim Khanate

Qasim Khanate or Kingdom of Qasim was a Tatar territorial formation , vassal of Russia, which existed from 1452 till 1681 in the territory of modern Ryazan Oblast in Russia with its capital Kasimov, in the middle stream of the Oka River....
, a Muslim polity, occupied the lower reaches of the Oka in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Landmarks


The banks of the river are dotted with historical and cultural sites, including the medieval monasteries of Murom
Murom

Murom is a historic city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which sprawls majestically along the left bank of Oka River, about 300 km east of Moscow....
, the mosques and minarets of Kasimov
Kasimov

Kasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River....
, the fortified kremlin
Kremlin

Kremlin is the Russian word for "fortress", "citadel" or "castle" and refers to any major fortified central complex found in historic Russian cities....
s of Kolomna
Kolomna

Kolomna is an ancient types of inhabited localities in Russia in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Moskva River and Oka Rivers....
 and Serpukhov
Serpukhov

Serpukhov is an old town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka River and the Nara Rivers. It is located 99 km south from Moscow on the Moscow—Simferopol highway....
, the memorial houses of Vasily Polenov
Vasily Polenov

Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov was a Russian landscape painter associated with the Peredvizhniki movement of realist artists.Polenov studied under Pavel Chistyakov and in the Imperial Academy of Arts from 1863 to 1871....
 and Sergey Yesenin, the excavated ruins of Old Ryazan, and the Oka Shukhov Tower
Shukhov tower on the Oka River

Shukhov Tower on the Oka River is the world?s only surviving Hyperboloid structure electricity pylon. It is located in Russia, in the western suburbs of Nizhny Novgorod, on the left bank of the Oka River near Dzerzhinsk, Russia....
.

The Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve lies along the left bank of the river opposite the town of Pushchino
Pushchino

Pushchino is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated 120 km south of Moscow, on the right side of the Oka River. As it can be confused with other towns with similar names, it is informally called Pushchino-at-Oka....
 and is known for its wisent
Wisent

File:Bison bonasus right eye close-up.jpgThe wisent , or European bison , is a bison species and the heaviest surviving Terrestrial animal in Europe....
 breeding nursery.

Main tributaries

  • Ugra
  • Zhizdra
    Zhizdra River

    Zhizdra River is a river in Kaluga Oblast in Russia, Oka River's left tributary. The length of the river is 223 km. The area of its basin is 9,170 km?....
  • Upa
    Upa River

    Upa is a river in Tula Oblast, Russia, one of the main tributary of Oka River. Length: 345 km. A principal city of Tula, Russia stands on the Upa....
  • Protva
    Protva River

    Protva River is a river in Moscow Oblast and Kaluga Oblasts in Russia, left tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 282 km. The area of its drainage basin is 4,620 km?....
  • Nara
    Nara River

    Nara River is a river in the Moscow Oblast and Kaluga Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 158 km....
  • Moskva
    Moskva River

    The Moskva River is a river that flows through the Moscow Oblast and Smolensk Oblasts in Russia, and is a tributary of the Oka River....
  • Pra
    Pra River (Russia)

    Pra River is a river in the Ryazan Oblast and Moscow Oblasts in Russia, a left tributary of the Oka River. It is 167 km in length. The area of its Drainage basin is 5,520 km?....
  • Osyotr
    Osyotr River

    Osyotr River is a river in Tula Oblast and Moscow Oblasts in Russia, a right tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 228 km. The area of its basin is 3,480 km?....
  • Pronya
    Pronya River (Russia)

    Pronya River is a river in Ryazan Oblast and Tula Oblasts in Russia, a right tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 336 km. The area of its basin is 10,200 km?....
  • Para
    Para River (Russia)

    Para River is a river in Ryazan Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 192 km. The area of its basin is 3,590 km?. The Para freezes up in November and stays icebound until April....
  • Moksha
    Moksha River

    Moksha is a river in Russia, a right tributary of the Oka River. It is 656 km in length....
  • Tyosha
    Tyosha River

    Tyosha River is a river in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Oka River. The length of the river is 311 km. The area of its basin is 7,800 km?....
  • Klyazma
    Klyazma River

    The Klyazma River is a river in the Moscow Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Ivanovo Oblast and Vladimir Oblasts in Russia, a left tributary of the Oka River....


Cities and towns on the Oka

  • Oryol
    Oryol

    Oryol or Orel is a city in Russia, administrative center of Oryol Oblast. It is located on the Oka River, approximately 360 km south-south-west of Moscow....
  • Belyov
    Belyov

    Belyov is a town in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Oka River. Population: 16,083 ; 17,000 .As many other Upper Oka towns, Belyov was first mentioned in a chronicle in 1147....
  • Chekalin
    Chekalin

    Chekalin , formerly known as Likhvin is a town in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Oka River. Population: 1,151 ; 1,319 ....
  • Kaluga
    Kaluga

    Kaluga is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in western Russia, located on the Oka River 188 km southwest of Moscow. It is the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast....
  • Aleksin
    Aleksin

    Aleksin is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Tula Oblast, Russia, located northwest of Tula, Russia. It is the administrative center of Aleksinsky District....
  • Tarusa
    Tarusa

    Tarusa is a town in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Oka River, 36 km south of Serpukhov, 76 km northeast of Kaluga and about 140 km south of Moscow....
  • Serpukhov
    Serpukhov

    Serpukhov is an old town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka River and the Nara Rivers. It is located 99 km south from Moscow on the Moscow—Simferopol highway....
  • Kashira
    Kashira

    Kashira is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River some 115 km south of Moscow. Population: 40,100 ; ...
  • Protvino
    Protvino

    Protvino is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, about 100 km south of Moscow and 15 km west of Serpukhov, on the left bank of the Protva River....
  • Pushchino
    Pushchino

    Pushchino is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated 120 km south of Moscow, on the right side of the Oka River. As it can be confused with other towns with similar names, it is informally called Pushchino-at-Oka....
  • Kolomna
    Kolomna

    Kolomna is an ancient types of inhabited localities in Russia in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Moskva River and Oka Rivers....
  • Ryazan
    Ryazan

    Ryazan is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in the Central Federal District of Russia and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast. It is on the Oka River south-east of Moscow....
  • Kasimov
    Kasimov

    Kasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River....
  • Murom
    Murom

    Murom is a historic city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which sprawls majestically along the left bank of Oka River, about 300 km east of Moscow....
  • Pavlovo
    Pavlovo

    Pavlovo may refer to:*Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia*Pavlovo, Leningrad Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Leningrad Oblast, Russia...
  • Navashino
    Navashino

    Navashino is a types of settlements in Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Oka River, 158 km southwest of Nizhny Novgorod....
  • Gorbatov
  • Dzerzhinsk
    Dzerzhinsk, Russia

    Dzerzhinsk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, situated along the Oka River, about east of Moscow....
  • Nizhny Novgorod
    Nizhny Novgorod

    Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....

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